Toolbox Management & Financing

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Crowdfunding the Future: Media Industries, Ethics and Digital Society

Lucy Bennett, Bertha Chin, Bethan Jones (eds.)

New York; Bern et al.: Peter Lang (2015), xii, 274 pp.

"Crowdfunding the Future undertakes a dynamic interdisciplinary approach to the examination of the new, and growing, phenomenon of crowdfunding and its encompassment of digital society and media industries. The book offers a wide range of perspectives and empirical research, providing analyses of cr ... more

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Advancing Independent Journalism While Building a Modern News Business: The Case of Malaysiakini

Tim Carrington

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 12 pp.

"Malaysiakini, an online news platform launched in 1999 in a country of continuous and pervasive media controls, has taken advantage of a precarious space allowing comparatively free journalism on the Internet. Its success in Malaysia is two-fold: First, it has increased demand for reliable and inde ... more

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Publishing for Peanuts: Innovation and the Journalism Start-Up

J. J. Robinson, Kristen Grennan, Anya Schiffrin

Columbia University, School of International and Political Affairs;Open Society Foundation (2015), 200 pp.

"Our remit was to look for innovative media outlets that are producing high-quality news, that are technologically innovative and that might actually survive financially. Accordingly, we spent three months interviewing media innovators around the world and reading what others have written on the sub ... ject. This report is divided into seven sections: 1) this introduction, 2) our main findings, 3) two sets of recommendations, one for the media development community and another set for people starting a media outlet, 4) an “Innovation Index” listing practices that we found around the world, 5) a description of our methodology, 6) a review of practitioner reports we read, 7) write-ups describing 35 media outlets, based on interviews we conducted [...] We were inspired and encouraged by what we saw. All over the world, independent media outlets are innovating and overcoming obstacles. Globally, start-ups are demonstrating the drive to take risks for the sake of a good idea. The challenges facing these outlets—and the innovations employed to tackle them—broadly fall into four categories: editorial, business, distribution and security. Operating with agility, media start-ups are finding creative ways to gather and disseminate information. In India, Gram Vaani uses a mobile phone social network to connect the rural poor and circumvent legislative prohibitions on radio broadcasting. In Zimbabwe, The Source survives in the repressive media climate by focusing on business journalism. Oxpeckers in South Africa uses geomapping to report on rhino poaching. Crikey in Australia has built a successful business model based on soliciting tips and scandal from the same audience it reports on and Kenya’s African SkyCAM deploys drones to avoid negotiating with police for access to disaster zones [...] Instead of finding a clear model for what works, we found confirmation of many things we knew or suspected. Independent media outlets vary in size, ambition and model. Few have fully succeeded, while many do one thing well, which typically reflects the founder’s particular strength—usually in journalism or technology [...] Most media outlets we found are small, run by a few full-time staff supplemented by volunteers and freelancers, and supported by a combination of grants, donations and haphazard business endeavors. The leaders at most organizations we interviewed were motivated by a desire to produce high-quality journalism rather than meet particular financial or audience goals." (Executive summary, page 5-7) more

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Creative Funding for Creative Media: Crowdfunding Guide for Media Professionals

Brussels: Future Media Lab;European Magazine Media Association (EMMA);European Crowdfunding Network (ECN) (2014), 26 pp.

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Public Funding of Private Media

Corinne Schweizer, Manuel Puppis, Matthias Künzler, Samuel Studer

London: LSE Media Policy Project (2014), 17 pp.

"As advertising revenues shift to non-journalistic platforms, news organizations face financial difficulties. To safeguard pluralism and editorial competition, alternative funding sources should be considered. Policymakers can support private media organizations with mechanisms such as tax relief or ... more

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Crowdfunding’s Potential for the Developing World

Washington, DC: infoDev Information for Development Program (2013), 101 pp.

"Credible crowdfunding systems require more than entrepreneurs and willing investors. They also need a supportive ecosystem and enabling factors, including forward-thinking regulations, effective technological solutions, and cultures that can adapt to this new investment vehicle. This includes the c ... more

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The Wanakonnect Pilot Project: Using Mobile Money to Create a Revenue System for Local Radio Stations in Kenya

Angela Crandall, Leonida Mutuku

Arcata, Calif.; Washington, DC: Internews (2012), 66 pp.

"The community radio stations participating in the pilot project offer special dedication and greeting programs that allow community members to send greetings to friends and family on air. The main objective of this pilot was to understand whether these generally underfunded radio stations could mon ... more

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The Crowdfunding Bible: How to Raise Money for Any Startup, Video Game, or Project

Scott Steinberg, Rusel DeMaria

Read.me;Overload Entertainment (2012), 80 pp.

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Matching the Market and the Model: The Business of Independent News Media

Michelle J. Foster

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2011), 34 pp.

"According to this paper, many media businesses lack management skills and experience in developing effective business models. "Compounding this is a lack of media development assistance targeted to media managers, the expansion of economic constraints on media businesses, and a lack of access to in ... more

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Google Scholar (9)

WorldCat (10)

Funding Journalism in the Digital Age: Business Models, Strategies, Issues and Trends

Jeff Kaye, Stephen Quinn

New York: Peter Lang (2010), 185 pp.

"Quality journalism is expensive to produce – so how will it survive as current sources of revenue shrink? Funding Journalism in the Digital Age not only explores the current challenges, but also provides a comprehensive look at business models and strategies that could sustain the news industry a ... more

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Media Advertising and Marketing Toolkit: Radio Booklet

Johannesburg: Media Development & Diversity Agency (MDDA) (2010), 28 pp.

Google Scholar (14)

WorldCat (11)

Medienmarketing: Marketingmanagement für werbefinanziertes Fernsehen und Radio

Kerstin Pezoldt, Britta Sattler

Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius (2009), x, 177 pp.

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Money Matters: How Independent Media Manage to Survive. 15-16 September 2006

A. Sofie Jannusch (ed.)

Aachen: Catholic Media Council (CAMECO);Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome) (2007), 77 pp.

"Discussions on how to support sustainability of independent media generally focus on the political conditions, the legal framework and – especially in German development cooperation – on the quality of journalistic coverage. Nevertheless, economic factors are of equal importance, not only for p ... more

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Nutzergenerierte Inhalte als Erlösquelle für Medienunternehmen

Philipp Sebastian Rogge

Köln: Institut für Rundfunkökonomie an der Universität zu Köln (2007), 134 pp.

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WorldCat (13)

Media Selling: Broadcast, Cable, Print, and Interactive

Charles Warner, Joseph Buchman

Ames: Blackwell, 3rd (2004), xiv, 598 pp.

Google Scholar (10)

WorldCat (9)

Survie de la presse, problème dans un pays en voie de développement

E. Tuncali

Le Monde du Journaliste (Bruxelles), volume 5, issue 1 (1967), pp. 16-18

"L’auteur examine comment, face aux nombreux handicaps qui freinent l'expansion de la presse, un journal peut survivre en pays en développement, malgré sa faiblesse financière et l'impréparation des journalistes — Les devoirs civiques qui sont impartis à la presse ne facilitent pas sa survi ... more

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Les sérieux problèmes financiers et autres de la presse brésilienne

Le Journaliste Démocratique (Prague), volume 10, issue 6-7 (1962), p. 119

"Aperçu bref sur les problèmes financiers et celui de la production du papier au Brésil." (Jean-Marie Van Bol, Abdelfattah Fakhfakh: The use of mass media in the developing countries. Brussels: CIDESA, 1971 Nr. 2110, topic code 140, 142)