"C’est par le biais des actualités portant sur les questions migratoires et les conflits armés que les Français sont le plus à même de s’informer à propos de la pauvreté dans le monde. Le public français préfère être informé sur la pauvreté dans le monde à l’occasion des actualit
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és et au cours de reportages; il y a peu d’appétence quant au fait que ce sujet soit développé dans d’autres formats télévisuels. Plus d’un tiers des répondants interagissent avec des associations en « likant », en « commentant » ou en « partageant » les contenus qu’elles proposent. Seuls 18% des répondants déclarent que les personnes qu’ils suivent sur les réseaux sociaux partagent des contenus sur le développement et la pauvreté dans le monde." (slide 11)
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"Meine Reise in die Slums von Bangladesch“ heißt ein Video, das Julien Bam im Mai 2019 auf Youtube veröffentlicht. Julien Bam ist mit mehr als fünf Millionen Followern einer der erfolgreichsten deutschen Influencer. Seine aufwändig produzierten Clips sind meist laut und albern, er singt und ta
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nzt, parodiert Musikhits. Auf dem Video aus Bangladesch schlägt der 31-Jährige leisere Töne an. Er reist durchs Land, trifft Menschen, die mit Armut und den Folgen des Klimawandels zu kämpfen haben, und denkt darüber nach, was all das mit ihm zu tun hat. Mehr als 1,9 Millionen Aufrufe zählt das Video auf Youtube. Viel Aufmerksamkeit für das Kinderhilfswerk Unicef, dessen Projekte Bam in Bangladesch besucht hat. „Das Feedback war toll“, sagt Daniel Debray, der bei Unicef für Influencer-Kooperationen zuständig ist. „Es gab 16.000 Kommentare auf Youtube und wir haben durch die Aktion 90.000 Euro an Spenden eingenommen.“ Vor allem hat Unicef eine begehrte Zielgruppe erreicht: junge Menschen, die sich eher über Youtube oder Instagram informieren als über klassische Medien. Taugt das als Vorbild für andere Hilfsorganisationen, die nach Wegen suchen, das Interesse Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener an entwicklungspolitischen Themen zu wecken? Dieser Frage gingen Fachleute Mitte November bei einer Veranstaltung der Filmtage Globale Perspektiven an der Evangelischen Akademie Frankfurt nach." (Einleitung)
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"Late in the twentieth century, the United States embraced democracy promotion as a foreign policy priority, a central component of which involved allocating democracy aid to governments, political parties, and nongovernmental organizations around the world to support and encourage democratization.
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Nonetheless, as a scarce resource, democracy assistance is allocated selectively: some states receive substantial commitments while others receive none. As previous studies have concluded, democracy aid allocations are, in part, strategic bets placed on the likelihood of progress toward and consolidation of democracy, as donors consider cues that identify situations where democracy aid is likely to be most successful. We introduce the role of media coverage as a key factor in democracy aid allocations and argue that a shift toward democracy within a potential recipient state interacts with media attention to that state to generate cues for aid allocators. To gauge the agenda-setting and cueing effects of media coverage on democracy aid allocations, we examine US democracy assistance from 1975 to 2010, weighing the impact of media attention, democratic openings, and other factors related to recipient characteristics and US political, strategic, economic, and ideational interests on democracy assistance. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of these findings." (Abstract)
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"This study develops a technosocial framework for assessing the efficacy of global aid agencies’ use of Twitter’s algorithmic affordances for participatory social change. We combine computational and interpretive methods to examine tweets posted by three global aid agencies—U.S. Agency for Int
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ernational Development, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, and the International Committee of the Red Cross—as well as public tweets that mention these agencies (N = ~100,000). Results indicate that when an agency (a) replies to or retweets public tweeters, (b) includes publicly oriented hashtags and hyperlinks in its tweets, and (c) tweets about topics that the public is also interested in and tweeting about, the social network that develops around the agency is more interconnected, decentralized, and reciprocal. Our framework can help development institutions build more participatory social networks, with multiple voices helping determine collective goals and strategies of collective action for sustainable social change. We also discuss the theoretical implications and methodological significance of our approach." (Abstract)
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"This module presents a step-by-step process that will enable members of organisations, or campaigns, interested in improving their visibility and impact, to formulate effective communication strategies for social and behavioural change Chapter One includes elements that help situate the design of t
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he communication strategy within the context of each organisation; including its policies, practices and areas of work. Chapter Two and Three consider the theoretical foundations, paradigms and communication planning models. Chapter Four gives a summary of the different communication strategies and Chapter Five gives an outline of formative research. Chapter Six guides participants, step-by-step, through the design of a communication strategy. Throughout this chapter, participants are introduced to practical worksheets that help synthesise and apply key concepts in each step of the strategy design process. Additionally, references to different components of the Conceptual Module are made, including examples and case studies, which can help participants make decisions at each step of the process." (Overview, page vii)
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"This module provides key conceptual and theoretical elements for participants to gain a deeper understanding of the underlying processes and methodologies that guide the design, implementation and evaluation of a communication strategy. There are many definitions and approaches that vary depending
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upon the type of communication approach, and the specific development and social change issues being addressed. While this is not meant to be an academic text and is purposefully written in a way that is accessible to multiple audiences, it does include relevant academic references for those readers interested in the rich communication for development literature. Chapter One includes a general approach to strategic planning in social organisations. It is expected to help assist understanding of how a communication strategy must be formulated as an integral component of the policies and strategic focus areas of the organisation. Chapter Two briefly discusses key concepts and theoretical shifts around communication, culture, development and social change processes. As communication processes often entail a political perspective, these processes are linked with the goal of strengthening democracy and citizenship, as well as with the achievement of development objectives such as the Sustainable Development Goals and their corresponding targets. This chapter also discusses inclusive perspectives, particularly in relation to gender and human rights. Chapter Three includes a brief history of the evolution of conceptual approaches in the field of communication for development, many of which are derived from important transformations in development efforts over the last 70 years, as well as reformulations of the role played by communication in those processes. Chapters Three and Four introduce key communication models and strategies for social and behaviour change. These chapters emphasise conceptual elements and highlight specific methodological elements that are discussed in detail in the Participant’s Module. Finally, Chapter Five provides core concepts and definitions about designing, implementing and evaluating communication strategies for development and social change, including formative research, strategy design, and monitoring and evaluation. Specific guidance on how to implement each of these steps is provided in the Participant’s Module." (Overview, page vii)
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"This module provides methodological support for the facilitation of workshops aimed at assisting social, community, state and non-governmental organisations in the formulation of communication strategies for development and social change. Facilitators are advised to use this module to plan and prep
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are workshops while making relevant adaptations based on the context in which the workshop will be facilitated, the needs and realities of participants, and the relevant experiences that each facilitator brings to the workshop. This module suggests activities and timeframes, which can be modified according to the availability of resources of the organisation receiving the training, the complexity of communication, social and development issues that constitute the focus of the workshop, or the scope of the strategy to be formulated." (Overview, page vii)
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"The chapters in this collection offer original interrogations of the representation of humanitarian crisis and catastrophe, and the refraction of humanitarian intervention and action, from the mid-twentieth century to the present, across a diverse range of media forms: traditional and contemporary
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screen media (film, television and online video) as well as newspapers, memoirs, music festivals and social media platforms (such as Facebook, YouTube and Flickr). Addressing humanitarian media culture as it evolved over a period of more than seventy years, the chapters offer a critical assessment of the historical precedents of our contemporary humanitarian communications. The contributors to the book are all specialists in the fields of media and communications, film studies, cultural studies, history or sociology: these different disciplinary perspectives inform their approaches to and understanding of the relationship between humanitarianism and media culture. Our authors reveal and explore the signific nt synergies between the humanitarian enterprise, the endeavour to alleviate the suffering of particular groups, and media representations, and their modes of addressing and appealing to specific publics." (Introduction, page 2)
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"El análisis de contenido y las entrevistas en profundidad han revelado que las redes sociales son utilizadas por las tres ONGD como altavoz para amplificar su mensaje, pero no para construir comunidad e incitar el diálogo. Hay un déficit manifiesto por interpelar a los usuarios y por promover qu
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e estos participen de la evolución de la entidad más allá de donar o de integrarse como voluntario." (Conclusión)
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"In dieser Studie wird untersucht, welche Medien die Bevölkerung nutzt, inwieweit sie diesen und den Sendern von entwicklungspolitischen Informationen vertraut (z. B. Bundesregierung oder Entwicklungsorganisationen) und in welchem Maß sie über die Medien in Kontakt mit dem für die Entwicklungspo
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litik zentralen Thema „weltweite Armut“ kommt. Darüber hinaus wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die mediale Berichterstattung zu weltweiter Armut wahrgenommen wird. Die Befunde der Studie sollen dazu beitragen, dass entwicklungspolitische Akteure evidenzbasierte Informationen in Bezug auf Ziele, Maßnahmen und Wirkungen der Entwicklungspolitik und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit erhalten, aber auch ihre Herausforderungen effektiver und bedarfsgerechter an die Bevölkerung vermitteln können. Bisherige Studien widmeten sich jeweils lediglich Teilaspekten dieses – inhaltlich stark verbundenen – Themenkomplexes. Der Meinungsmonitor Entwicklungspolitik 2019 – Medien, Mediennutzung und Berichterstattung zu weltweiter Armut ist die erste Studie, die Mediennutzung, Medienwahrnehmung und Wahrnehmung entwicklungspolitisch relevanter Inhalte innerhalb einer Studie im Zusammenhang analysiert." (Zusammenfassung, Seite vi)
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"Throughout the 19th and early 20th century, the predecessors of NGOs—pressure groups—tried to advance their cause by cultivating close relations with the mainstream press, and/or publishing their own periodicals. But from the late 20th century onward, many NGOs started routinely producing their
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own news content, including written text but also photojournalism, video, and sophisticated interactive projects. Some of this material is disseminated through “alternative” outlets, social media and activist hubs. But it is difficult for NGOs to gain a mass audience in these ways, so most major NGOs recruit or commission experienced journalists to carry out this work for them. Much of the research in this area has focused on either journalists’ increased dependence on NGOs, or on the restructuring of NGOs’ resources, priorities and working cultures in accordance with news norms. Most scholars have also focused on the work of international aid agencies and/or human rights organizations, as well as particular kinds of crises, such as famines, hurricanes and conflicts. The extant literature is heavily weighted toward organizations which are based in North America or Europe. However, a small but growing number of scholars are challenging this, exploring the news work of other NGOs and/or news outlets, in other countries, and during other kinds of news-making periods, including conferences, summits and “quiet” news weeks." (Summary)
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"Communication for and about development are significant components of international development cooperation, interlinked in practice though separated in research. This article examines their interaction in donor-driven aid through the lens of journalism. How is bilateral development cooperation com
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municated about in the news? How does a donor agency communicate for and about development? And what are the links between one and the other? In 2016, a prime-time exposé aired by the Swedish public TV reported on alleged corruption in aid to Zambia, depicting events as the double failure of donor and recipient. Our analysis clarifies how (a) how the news media in a top donor country covers public development aid for its citizen audiences; and (b) how a bilateral donor agency understands and practices communication as it interacts with the news media on the one hand, and with partners and beneficiaries on the ground on the other. We focus on the news media as mediator of the donor’s communication with its tax-paying citizen audiences, demonstrating the potential of an integrated conceptual approach to communication for and about development, and raising questions for future research." (Abstract)
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"International non-governmental organisations (INGOs) have long been recognised as major contributors to the construction of Africa's image in the West through their impact stories, fundraising and advocacy campaigns. Yet although there has been considerable academic inquiry into these messages, res
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earch focusing on the editorial processes that produce them is still limited. Moreover, the few studies that exist tend to focus on the finished products as seen at the INGOs' Western headquarters. This is particularly curious, given that most of these stories originate from the INGOs' fields of operation in the Global South and are initially collected, written and edited by communication staff in national offices. This paper explores the various editorial power centres in the INGO story production process from the perspectives of global South staff. Based on data collected from five INGOs operating in East Africa, the paper draws three key conclusions: that INGO editorial processes are dynamic, contested and heterogeneous, field office staff possess underappreciated agency in the story editing process, and the extent to which INGOs can be said to speak on behalf of those they claim to help is in part linked to the amount of agency that communication staffers in the global South possess." (Abstract)
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"This communication manual provides guidance and advice on how to carry out information and publicity activities by the Privatisation Commission of Pakistan. The manual [...] provides advice on communication planning, event management including information dissemination and outreach to both traditio
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nal and digital media. This manual should be used by every staff member, who is directly involved in the development, delivery and management of the Privatisation program. By using this communication guide, Privatisation Commission staff members will be able to carry out communication in a strategic manner, which will actively and openly promote the activities and results of the Privatisation program." (Page 2)
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"International development stakeholders harness communication with two broad purposes: to do good, via communication for development and media assistance, and to communicate do-gooding, via public relations and information. This book unpacks various ways in which different efforts to do good are com
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bined with attempts to look good, be it in the eyes of donor constituencies at large, or among more specific audiences, such as journalists or intra-agency decision-makers. Development communication studies have tended to focus primarily on interventions aimed at doing good among recipients, at the expense of examining the extent to which promotion and reputation management are elements of those practices. This book establishes the importance of interrogating the tensions generated by overlapping uses of communication to do good and to look good within international development cooperation." (Publisher description)
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"Closely examining the relationship between foreign correspondents of international news media and humanitarian organisations, Lena von Naso shows how the aid and media sectors cooperate in Africa in a unique way. Based on more than 70 interviews with foreign correspondents and aid workers operating
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across Africa, the book argues that the changing nature of foreign news and of aid is forcing them to form a deep co-dependency that is having a serious and largely unnoticed effect on Western news coverage." (Publisher description)
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"Very few international news organisations routinely cover humanitarian affairs. Only 12 news outlets reported on all four of the humanitarian events we analysed in 2016. Because of the high costs of producing regular, original journalism on humanitarian issues, commercial news organisations do not
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usually cover humanitarian issues, with the exception of major ‘emergencies’. Most humanitarian journalism is now funded by states or private foundations. This is worrying because claiming that particular actors or activities are ‘humanitarian’ is a powerful form of legitimacy. It is important that media about the suffering does not become a vehicle for commercial or political interests. A major challenge of foundation funding is its unsustainable nature, as most foundations want to provide start-up money, rather than giving ongoing support. Meanwhile government funding can constrain where and how humanitarian reporting takes place because of foreign policy objectives and diplomatic tensions." (Executive summary)
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"Across the board, respondents called for NGOs to diversify their strategies. As well as children, they wanted to see images of parents and grandparents, local development workers and doctors, for example. They highlighted the importance of maintaining the dignity of the individuals portrayed, espec
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ially when depicting children and called for more sharing of stories to give those presented in images identity and agency. Respondents also talked about where they would draw the line, and many agreed that images of nudity and violence should not be used. It was also clear that some images that are used by INGOs to get a specific message across – for example the image of an older African man drinking beer – may get lost in translation when viewed by a person in a completely different context." (Conclusions)
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