"In March 2019, Cyclone Idai brought death and destruction to Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe as a result of heavy rains and extensive flooding (Figure 1). The respective governments together with UNICEF and other partners, responded swiftly to the disaster. Rescue and relief operations were impleme
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nted immediately, saving many lives, and resources were rapidly mobilized to provide food and non-food items to people in the affected areas. As part of the initial response, UNICEF conducted a rapid knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey on the information and communication needs of the most affected people in all three countries. The findings informed the lifesaving multisectoral C4D interventions which played a key supporting role in all three countries (Table 1). The experiences of the three countries in successfully mainstreaming C4D across the Cyclone Idai response offer valuable learning for future humanitarian emergencies." (Introduction)
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"Le 23 mars 2014, l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé publie sur son site web l'apparition de la maladie à virus Ébola en Guinée. Du fait de la proximité du Sénégal avec la Guinée, la commission Média et Communication, dispositif multisectoriel et centre nerveux de la communication impulse
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immédiatement l'élaboration et la mise en oeuvre d'un plan de communication en vue de limiter l'introduction et la propagation du virus Ébola sur le territoire national. Le 29 août 2014, le Sénégal enregistre son seul et unique cas importé de la maladie à virus Ébola. Ce livre nous invite à redécouvrir la façon dont le Sénégal a géré la communication sur la maladie à virus Ebola et les stratégies mises en oeuvre pour endiguer l'épidémie." (Description de la maison d'édition)
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"En este documento nos centraremos en cuatro facetas del acceso a la información, con sus respectivos riesgos, que deben tener en cuenta los tomadores de decisión en la coyuntura actual. Asimismo, buscamos ofrecer soluciones o recomendaciones que puedan implementar tanto el Gobierno como el sector
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privado, tendientes a la garantía de los derechos humanos y la protección de las comunidades más vulnerables. Primero, discutiremos el impacto de la información sesgada o discriminatoria en relación con los grupos más vulnerables de la población. A continuación, presentaremos un breve diagnóstico sobre la desinformación por noticias falsas. En tercer lugar, comentaremos la importancia de entregar información de manera proactiva. Por último, analizaremos el impacto de modificar los tiempos de respuesta a las peticiones elevadas ante las entidades estatales." (Página 3-4)
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"Community engagement is an approach to the humanitarian response of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. It places people affected by natural disasters, violence, and armed conflict at the heart of decision-making, strategy development and orientation of activities to protect and
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assist their communities. It is also the process of using or establishing two-way communication channels to address people’s needs, concerns, feedback, and complaints, partnering with the community to ensure that it can actively participate and guide the ICRC’s humanitarian action. The use of appropriate tools for identifying the needs is necessary to better assess the proposed response and to inform those involved beforehand. Community engagement helps to improve the quality and effectiveness of programs while building community acceptance and trust in humanitarian stakeholders. The inclusion of the most vulnerable people in communities affected by a humanitarian crisis, such as women, children, people with disabilities or the elderly, in the design and development of the humanitarian response will contribute to their re-silience and improve the quality and efficiency of the projects being implemented. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has placed community engagement at the center of its 2019-2022 institutional strategy. Although this approach is common in natural disaster-related humanitarian operations, there are fewer examples in situations of armed conflict and inter-community violence. It is therefore important to document and share good practices to better protect communities and address their needs. Several programs are being conducted in this regard in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where the ICRC has been operating since 1978. In this publication, you will find a few tools to present good practices in community engagement. Each story features testimonies from our colleagues who share the challenges and lessons learned in humanitarian response activities." (Introduction, page 3)
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"Comunicar o risco de inundação para as partes interessadas, sobretudo os vulneráveis, é um dos principais desafios que a gestão pública e demais atores possuem na busca pela construção de cidades e sociedades resilientes, e pelo desenvolvimento regional. Baseado nisso, o presente trabalho t
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em como objetivo apresentar o status quo e as tendências e padrões na pesquisa de comunicação de risco de inundação ao longo do tempo. Para tanto, empregou-se a análise bibliométrica como técnica de pesquisa, visando ampliar e atualizar o arcabouço de referências que compõem a temática. Como principais resultados, tem-se a identificação de 59 artigos em 31 periódicos distintos, os quais foram publicados principalmente a partir de 2007. A maior parcela dos 189 autores identificados é oriunda de países europeus e norte-americanos, influenciando no estabelecimento de redes de colaboração. Há uma baixíssima ou até mesmo ausência de autores dos demais continentes, sobretudo os países em vias de desenvolvimento na África e na América Latina, onde o risco de desastres tem causado grandes impactos, sobretudo nos grupos mais vulneráveis. Embora seja um tema emergente e ainda pouco explorado, os trabalhos realizados até o momento têm apresentado resultados extraordinariamente elucidativos no que diz respeito à gestão e aos efeitos da comunicação de risco na sociedade." (Resumo)
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"In every disaster, problems of information and communication distribution always occur. The communication channel is very dependent on various supporting facilities. Electricity, transmitter towers, broadcasting stations, to human resources. In two big disasters in Indonesia in 2018: the Lombok ear
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thquake; and the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in Palu, there were issues of the information and communication channels. Local people do not know the conditions that occur in their area and the situation of their families. While outsiders, the government, and rescue teams did not get detailed information from the affected areas. In countries with high intensity of natural disasters, emergency broadcasting policies have been long practiced. The simplest device for emergency broadcasting is radio. This kind of media can immediately air with simple facilities. Regardless, the initiative of emergency radio has not yet adopted into regulation in Indonesia. Therefore, the emergency radio initiator limited to a handful of organization like in Lombok earthquake"
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"• Data impact assessments determine the potential benefits and risks associated with data management. They are a critical component of responsible data management, but are often overlooked.
• There are a wide variety of approaches to data impact assessments. Selecting the right assessment for a
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given data management activity can minimise the risk and maximise the benefit to affected people, humanitarians and other stakeholders.
• Applicable laws and regulations, internal policies, the context in which data management will take place and other factors determine which assessment(s) should be applied to a data management activity.
• Data impact assessments should be conducted before and during data management activities in order to inform project planning and design. Activities should be redesigned or cancelled if the foreseeable risks of data management outweigh the intended benefits." (Key takeaways)
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"The effective management of the risk of disasters depends on communication and information sharing across all levels of government, within communities, and between public and private organizations. In particular, timely and effective information flow is important for early warning and alerting the
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population, for preparing for an emergency event, and for the effective coordination and articulation of response activities that can minimize economic loss, mitigate the impact on public well-being and loss of life.
A national emergency telecommunication plan (NETP) sets out a strategy to enable and ensure communications availability during the disaster mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery phases, by promoting coordination across all levels of government, between public and private organizations, and within communities at risk. Preparation and implementation of an NETP engages stakeholders to think through the life cycle of a potential disaster, it determines the required capabilities for emergency responses, and establishes a governance framework of roles and responsibilities. It also clarifies how to shape planning, envision and share desired outcomes, and it outlines effective ways to achieve and communicate expected results. The NETP will reflect what diverse stakeholder communities need to focus on in order to address specific risks with available resources. Additionally, for developing countries, the NETP will highlight major areas of risk. This not only provides support and justification for the funding of vital equipment and personnel in an emergency, but also promotes the need for day-to-day resources and procedures that keep national authorities prepared, especially to maintaining vital communications, the essential lifeline during emergencies.
This report assists national authorities and policymakers to develop a clear, flexible and user-friendly framework that guides countries on how to develop a strategic plan to support and enable the continued use of telecommunication and information and communication technology (ICT) networks and services in all four disaster management phases. It not only describes the main elements that an NETP should consider, but also highlights its potential benefits. It includes a step-by-step guide to the development of an NETP, it serves as a useful resource based on ITU recommendations and concepts, as well as expertise from other global bodies and organizations." (Overview, page 1)
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"When disaster strikes people need food, shelter, water and safety. They also need information and they need to be able to communicate – with each other and with those trying to help them. Through information provision and dialogue it is possible to engage people actively in the response: enabling
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them to make informed decisions about keeping themselves and their families safe, where and how to access essential services, and participating in activities and decisions that affect their lives. In this online self-study course, you will learn how to engage affected communities to help provide the information they need and establish communication mechanisms for dialogue with disaster responders. You’ll be faced with a number of fictitious crises, both natural and man-made, and you will need to respond appropriately [...] On completion of this course you will gain an understanding of: how communication can be used to support disaster-affected people and programme objectives; how to assess the information needs of the community and decide through which channel(s) of communication to reach them; how to create and adapt information and messages to maximise impact; how to develop a communications strategy; how to manage and respond to feedback from the community." (Publisher description)
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"To ensure that mobile solutions are designed inclusively in humanitarian contexts, it is important that target users are involved as co-creators of the future they want. A human-centred design approach is one way to ensure that users’ perspectives are fully integrated into programme design. This
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approach is also useful for work involving marginalised populations, including refugees and people with disabilities, as these populations tend to have fewer opportunities to voice their experiences and influence decisionmaking processes. At the same time, they face complex systemic challenges. To shape solutions that will effectively address these challenges, their perspective is absolutely critical. Human-centred design research methodologies are well suited to the challenge because they bring the perspective of this end user to the forefront. This report documents the human-centred design process used in a project conducted in 2020 in Nairobi, Kenya. It includes research tools that can be used in other contexts, as well as the adaptations that were made to research tools to ensure they were inclusive. These are documented in the two page spreads below: Location Mapping, User Journeys, Communication Mapping, Future Me and Daily Diaries. These tools are followed by the main lessons learned, and recommendations for others who want to implement a similar process. More research should be conducted to better understand the experiences of people with disabilities in humanitarian contexts." (Executive summary)
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"Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology consists of four key functions: 1. A mechanism to determine and document which rumours are circulating; 2. An effective strategy to fact-check information and rumours; 3. A variety of accessible and inclusive mechanisms to share accurate responses to rumours; 4
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. A mechanism to share community voices with humanitarians and other stakeholders. Internews programs enable the community to access relevant and trusted information and provide community feedback to foster more inclusive decision making within humanitarian programs. These bridges are based on symmetrical two-way relationships that are attuned to listening as much as producing information and that link the national, local, and hyper-local information levels. This Learning Collection manual offers case studies, practical instructions and a template library to implement Internews rumour tracking methodology and through this effectively address rumours in humanitarian crisis and conflicts around the world. "Part I. Context" describes the importance of access to fair, accurate and actionable information; the damage rumours can do in a humanitarian context; and the value of Internews Rumour Tracking Methodology as a tool for communicating with communities and humanitarian accountability. "Part II. Case Study" gives an overview of several Internews rumour tracking projects and an in-depth case study of rumour tracking in Greece. The case study also covers challenges and lessons learned in order to offer recommendations for future rumour tracking activities." (Page 9)
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"Technology has driven major change in some areas of humanitarian response, but its use can also be biased and blind to risks. A tendency towards techno-optimism risks avoiding fundamental questions around the limits of technology, the role of the private sector (including local and regional technol
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ogy entrepreneurs) and identifying when technology is and is not useful. Technology is not inclusive by nature. The humanitarian digital divide exists and there is growing awareness of this, but the humanitarian system is currently focused mainly on digital risks, meaning insufficient attention is placed on questions of how to root digital tools in a more inclusive framework. We need to go beyond token moves to more inclusive digital approaches and really delve into what is required for genuine change." (Conclusions, page 23)
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"The core document of CDAC’s technical training is the facilitator’s guide – a document that leads facilitators, agencies and staff through an all-inclusive journey in communication and community engagement best practice. The guide aspires to: Provide information for people affected by disaste
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r to save lives, mitigate risk and enable people to take the best possible action by being as informed as possible; Set up mechanisms for two-way communication between humanitarian actors and the people they seek to serve to engage communities and enable humanitarian programmes to be informed by communities, to enable their participation in humanitarian response and to hold actors to account; Enable communication between disaster-affected people themselves to help people’s coping mechanisms and so that people can help each other; and Engage in collaboration across different humanitarian actors, with different humanitarian actors to harness different experiences, skills and expertise." (Cdacnetwork.org)
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