"This study sets out, for DFID staff, the fundamental principles underlying a proposed approach to information and communication technologies (ICTs) and development, and draws from those principles a set of recommendations for DFID's priorities in this area. For the purposes of this study, ICTs are
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defined as technologies that facilitate communication and the processing and transmission of information by electronic means. This definition encompasses the full range of ICTs, from radio and television to telephones (fixed and mobile), computers and the Internet. … The study concludes that access to ICTs should not be seen as an end in itself; the measure of success remains progress towards reaching the International Development Targets, rather than the spread of technology or bridging the digital divide. However, addressing the information and communication needs of the poor and creating information rich societies is an essential part of efforts to tackle poverty. Properly deployed, ICTs have enormous potential as tools to increase information flows and empower poor people. DFID and other development partners should work closely with developing countries to maximise the contribution of the full range of ICTs to achieving the International Development Targets." (Summary, page 4)
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"The overall objective of this study was to provide a starting point for the involvement of development assistance in the promotion of ICTs for development. In the form of country studies we first tried to give insights into the ICT sectors along with stakeholders’ and other ICT-related activities
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in the selected countries (Peru, Vietnam, Lao P.D.R, Uganda and Tanzania). Based on this assessment, strengths and weaknesses were named and starting points for potential German involvement identified. The following section should point at some general lessons learnt from all countries and, with due caution, sum up the activities and discussions on the German donors’ side, as they emerged in the countries themselves or in discussions while this study was conducted." (Synopsis, page 67)
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"In 1994 the government established a Telecommunications Development Fund, financed by the national budget, to catalyze additional private investment in payphone service in rural and urban areas with low income and low telephone density. The Fund has been very successful. Between 1995 and 2000 it su
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pported the provision of payphone service to more than 6,000 rural localities with about 2.2 million inhabitants, thereby reducing the proportion of Chile's population living in places without access to basic voice communication from 15 percent in 1994 to 1 percent in 2002. In addition, some 25,000 individual rural telephone lines are being provided. The subsidies awarded cost the government less than 0.3 percent of total telecommunications sector revenue during the funding period, and Fund administration cost about 3 percent of the monies granted. The Fund's success was due largely to extensive reliance on market forces to determine and allocate subsidies, minimal regulatory intervention, simple and relatively expeditious processing, and effective government leadership. Competition among existing and new operators for the rural market and subsidies led to substantial reductions in cost to the government compared to earlier public sector investments in similar facilities. Commercial success has hinged on operators using the subsidized payphone infrastructures to also provide individual business and residential telephone lines and, subsequently, add value through new services (including voice mail and internet access in some areas) over this network. Interconnection was the single most important regulatory factor of commercial viability, with access charges in some cases surpassing 40 percent of rural operating revenues. The design of the Fund proved robust, and remains the leading example of a costeffective slution to reduce access gaps in basic communication in emerging economies. Some questions remain, however, about whether the services can be sustained in the long term, what to do with the small residual rural population still excluded, and whether anything needs to be done in urban areas. These questions-in addition to limited design improvements suggested by the Fund's experience, as well as work still in progress on quality standards and monitoring-are relevant to the Fund's proposed extension into more advanced modes of communication and access to information, as well as to other countries learning from the Chilean experience." (Executive summary)
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"This Facilitator Guide and Reference Manual is to be used when training Volunteers and others who will serve as trainers in information and communication technology (ICT) during Volunteers’ Pre-Service Training (PST) or In-Service Training (IST). It outlines the format, materials, objectives, tim
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e, sequence, and content of the training of trainers (TOT). While this TOT is designed to prepare participants to conduct formal training sessions, the skills and materials can be applied to one-on-one situations or workshops designed to occur over several weeks or months that incorporate short skill-building sessions. The accompanying Participant Handbook is to be distributed to all trainers and participants." (Introduction)
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"La presente obra recoge trabajos pioneros de investigación que reflexionan, a partir de una perspectiva cualitativa y etnográfica, cómo las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación en su aplicación al sistema escolar y a iniciativas de gestión local reproducen las pedagogías tradic
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ionales y las formas dominantes de ejercicio del poder. Otros, sobre la necesidad de impulsar una cultura Internet, fundamentada en la praxis social de un "Derecho a la comunicación y a la cultura" y un "Derecho Internet" que permitan la concreción de una verdadera participación ciudadana y un libre acceso al conocimiento, con respeto de los derechos personales e individuales, como los de la privacidad e intimidad." (Tapa posterior)
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"Die deutsche EZ betrachtet Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien als wirksame Instrumente in der Umsetzung der entwicklungspolitischen Leitlinien, der Sektor- und Länderkonzepte. IKT stellen keine autonomen Projektziele dar, sondern sind Mittel (Tools), diese zu erreichen. Die IKT-Dienstlei
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stungen sind nachfrage- und nutzerorientiert einzusetzen. Grundsätzlich ist der Auf- und Ausbau der technischen Infrastruktur nicht Aufgabe der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, sondern hat auf kommerzieller Basis zu erfolgen. In diesem Rahmen können die bekannten Instrumentarien greifen (Förderung der Klein- und Mittelindustrie, Exportförderung, PPP etc.). Ist der politische Wille in einem Land oder einer Region vorhanden, unterversorgte ländliche Räume zu erschließen, dann kann die deutsche Seite allenfalls „intelligente Konzepte“ zur Lösung des Problems der „Connectivity“ anbieten, die auch unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten praktikabel sind. Die Massenmedien Presse, Hörfunk und Fernsehen verbinden ihre spezifischen Dienstleistungen in zunehmendem Maße mit dem Internet. Gleichzeitig verkoppeln sich die internen und externen (nach innen und nach außen gerichteten) Kommunikationsaufgaben von Organisationen und Interessensgruppen. In allen Vorhaben der EZ müssen daher integrierte Kommunikationsstrategien selbstverständlich sein. Im Zentrum der TZ steht die Generierung, Erschließung, Vermittlung und der Austausch von Wissen. Dazu bedient sie sich der jeweils effizientesten Technologien, fördert gezielt „Competence Networking“, ermöglicht Kooperation und läßt Synergien entstehen." (Schlussfolgerungen, Seite 16)
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"This paper isn’t a “traditional” policypaper, but a policy and action programme. It describes both the context and the general policy outline for Hivos (chapter 1-4) and concrete targets and strategies (chapter 5-7). These targets are formulated for four years; the year 2000 is a starting yea
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r. Hivos.com is the responsible desk for the execution of the programme. Hivos.com is for the time being the structural continuation of the “Hivos into Cyberspace 2000” project. During the period 2000-2004 ICT will be considered a policy priority, because of its relevance for Hivos. Besides, ICT is of crosscutting importance for all sectors and regions Hivos works in. For that reason ICT will be “mainstreamed” – integrated - as much as possible within the regular programme." (Preface)
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