"Based on 16 months of ethnographic fieldwork, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Chile analyses the experience of ageing for Peruvian migrants aged around 60, who have lived in Chile for over 20 years. Their lives are informed by a series of experiences of being in between. They live between two coun
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tries, two generations (their Peruvian parents and their Chilean children), two different stages in life (retained youth and menacing old age), between giving care (to their parents) and not wanting care (from their children) and between a continuing legacy (through their children, who have a promising future) and not transmitting legacy (some traditions will not pass on to the next generation). Peruvian migration has been one of the most studied in Chile. However, neither the experience of ageing of migrants in Chile nor the experience of late middle age has been fully addressed yet. By focusing on the entanglement of ageing, migration and technology, this monograph is an ethnographic contribution to an unexplored subject in the vast literature on migration studies in Chile." (Publisher description).
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"Unter Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen gibt es eine zunehmend große Gruppe, die ein geringes Interesse am aktuellen Weltgeschehen hat, kaum Informationsangebote etablierter Medien nutzt und mit journalistischen Angeboten entsprechend kaum noch erreicht werden kann: die gering Informationsorient
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ierten, im Folgenden kurz GIO genannt. Junge Menschen, die sich diesem Informationstyp zuordnen lassen, haben in der Regel eine niedrige formale Bildung und oft einen Migrationshintergrund. Da bislang allerdings wenige (vor allem qualitative) Befunde dazu vorliegen, was diese jungen Menschen – neben soziodemografischen Merkmalen – auszeichnet, bestand das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie darin, ihre Informationsbedürfnisse, Nutzungspraktiken und Einstellungen genauer zu beleuchten. Hierzu wurden im Sommer 2023 in vier Großstädten in Deutschland zehn Fokusgruppen (n=46) mit solchen Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen durchgeführt, die sich aufgrund ausgewählter soziodemografischer Merkmale der Gruppe der GIO zurechnen lassen. Die Fokusgruppen fanden in den Städten Hamburg, Bottrop (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Dresden (Sachsen) und Nürnberg (Bayern) statt. Im Folgenden werden die wichtigsten Ergebnisse zusammenfassend dargestellt.
• Das allgemeine Bedürfnis, über das aktuelle Weltgeschehen Bescheid zu wissen und sich dementsprechend aktiv zu informieren, ist in der untersuchten Gruppe sehr gering ausgeprägt. Das hängt zum einen mit einer wahrgenommenen Distanz zu „typischen“ politikbezogenen Nachrichtenthemen zusammen; zum anderen damit, dass die Teilnehmenden in soziale Gruppen und Gefüge eingebunden sind, in denen es kaum relevant ist, Bescheid zu wissen.
• Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es gesellschaftlich relevante Themen, mit denen sich die Teilnehmenden beschäftigen und die sie in der Freundesgruppe besprechen. Ausschlaggebend sind dabei persönliche Berührungspunkte; Themen müssen die eigene Person und Identität (Religion, Herkunft und Interessen) oder das engste Familien- und Freundesumfeld betreffen.
• Den Bedürfnissen entsprechend lassen sich die Nutzungspraktiken der befragten Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen als beiläufige, passive und nahezu exklusive Informationsaufnahme im Kontext der Nutzung sozialer Medien – allen voran TikTok, YouTube und Instagram – zusammenfassen. Das Wissen über aktuelle Ereignisse basiert auf zufälligen Nachrichtenkontakten, die im Zusammenspiel mit dem Algorithmus der jeweiligen Plattform entstehen. Eine gezielte Informationssuche findet nur anlassbezogen und in der Regel mittels einer Google-Suche statt.
• Gering Informationsorientierte haben ein schmales Informationsrepertoire, zu dem kaum journalistische Angebote zählen und auch nicht ergänzend hinzugezogen werden; vielmehr haben einzelne Social Media Content Creator wie Herr Anwalt oder Rezo die Rolle als Informationsquelle eingenommen, da diese a) die richtigen Themen, auf b) die richtige – neutrale – Art mit c) der entsprechenden unterhaltenden Darstellungsweise behandeln und d) als vertrauenswürdig wahrgenommen werden, wodurch sie e) das Interesse von jungen Leuten wecken. Allgemein präferieren die Befragten visuelle Formate, die den über TikTok kultivierten Konsumgewohnheiten sowie ihren impulsgesteuerten Nutzungspraktiken gerecht werden.
• Trotz der großen Relevanz und Beliebtheit von TikTok und anderen Plattformen wird deutlich, dass diese für die Teilnehmenden ein schwierig zu navigierendes und unsicheres Informationsumfeld darstellen. Dies liegt zum einen am überwiegend negativen und „toxischen“ Content, der dort verbreitet wird. Zum anderen führen sowohl „Fake-Accounts“ als auch „Fake-Inhalte“ zu Unsicherheiten und in der Konsequenz zu fehlendem Vertrauen in die Inhalte in sozialen Medien allgemein – eine Differenzierung nach Accounttyp bzw. Absender wird dabei oftmals nicht getroffen." (Überblick über die wichtigsten Ergebnisse, S.5)
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"In den letzten Jahrzehnten ist die Internetnutzung von Kindern und Jugendlichen stark angestiegen. Dabei gilt die Sorge vor allem denjenigen Kindern und Jugendlichen, die eine stark überdurchschnittliche Nutzung zeigen und deren Nutzung mit deutlichen Beeinträchtigungen einhergeht. Für die medie
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npädagogische Perspektive, das Bildungssystem und das System der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe geht es auch darum, präventiv-erzieherisch Einfluss zu nehmen und (Medien-)Kompetenzen zu fördern, die eine selbstbestimmte Mediennutzung ermöglichen. Mit diesem Band soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, aktuelle Befunde zusammenzutragen, die Perspektiven von Jugendlichen zu berücksichtigen und Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen zu diskutieren." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Freedom of religion or belief is also a human right that is constantly being misunderstood. It is not about any religion, church or institution claiming their rights. And I am not a Commissioner for Religion. It is about the freedom of every individual to manifest their religion or belief, either a
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lone or in community with others, or to change it, or to not have any a religion or belief. Raising awareness of this and providing input for debates both in the political sphere and in society is one of the aims of the Third Report on the Global Status of Freedom of Religion or Belief [...] The report explores new ground above all with its thematic focus on the freedom of religion or belief of Indigenous peoples. There are about 5,000 such groups of people worldwide, with an estimated total population of more than 470 million. With this focus our report ties in with a report by the UN Special Rapporteur on freedom of religion or belief, developing the topic further. In the process of drafting the report, I realised that we are doing pioneering work, because there was and still is the belief that Indigenous spirituality has nothing to do with freedom of religion or belief.
The report provides an opportunity to look in a different way at conflicts over land and infrastructure that involve Indigenous communities. And to develop an understanding that often such conflicts are not just about resources but in fact have to do with Indigenous peoples’ belief that all natural things have a spirit or soul. My personal learning curve on this topic is closely connected with Indigenous communities in Guatemala and my experiences with conflictual infrastructure projects. When I visited Guatemala many years ago, I had difficulty understanding why people staged fierce and violent protests against small-scale hydropower plants that were actually environmentally friendly. Today I know that the areas surrounding a small river were regarded as important spiritual places, with Indigenous communities believing that the forest had a soul, and that interfering with nature there without giving any thought to the spiritual implications was not acceptable." (Foreword, page 3)
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"Taking stock of media activist initiatives in the Southwest Asia and North Africa (SWANA) region, this article discusses findings from case study research informing the media education platform "diraya.media." Through participatory methodology, the case studies and the bilingual (Arabic/English) we
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bsite aim to analyze and strengthen local media literacy pedagogies by learning with and from media activists in the region. This article reports on six case studies of SWANA-based media activist organizations and pedagogical material for the media literacy classroom. The goal is to reflect and discuss the methodological and theoretical ramifications of Diraya as a pedagogical space for reflection and knowledge exchange between media activists and other learners in the region and beyond. Drawing on the participating activists' experiences, Diraya is embedded in the turn toward radical media education and civic media literacies, contributing to (1) de-Westernizing media literacy education, (2) creating more learning materials based on local activist knowledge as important resources to increase media literacy, and (3) enabling of long-term collaborations by archiving and making public experiences from SWANA-based media activists." (Abstract)
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"This document is a detailed report of best practices for the digital inclusion of speakers of endangered Indigenous languages. The proclamation of the period between 2022 and 2032 as the International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022-2032), as per Resolution A/RES/74/135 from United Nation
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s General Assembly, shines a spotlight on the issue and invites the world to pay more attention to the critical and fragile situation of many Indigenous languages. This document aims to provide a blueprint for the addition of Indigenous languages into software in order to aid digital inclusion efforts, and to provide a set of recommended steps to follow in order to successfully achieve it. As new generations of Indigenous people increase their literacy and use of technology, it is crucial that they are able to use their native language in digital formats to avoid the endangerment and loss of language. With the main goals of promoting the written form of a language in a natural vehicle such as technology, bringing awareness to the endangered Indigenous languages and working towards their survival, Motorola has open-sourced over 800,000 translated Indigenous words as of April 2023 through its official website, enabling other OEMs and companies to promote the languages through their interfaces and paving the way for broader use and revitalization efforts." (Introduction)
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"A total of 4,094 news stories were collected and analysed across 12 selected media outlets for a period of one month, from 2 January 2023 to 31 January 2023, by trained monitors. This study revealed a grim picture of women’s under-representation and misrepresentation in Cambodian news. This is a
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call to action for media owners and managers, senior editors, journalists, journalist associations to be intentional about women’s presence and portrayal in the news, to report the news from women’s perspectives and to regard women in news as an everyday topic rather than a marginalised topic. It is also a call to action to the Royal Government of Cambodia to support the Ministry of Women’s Affairs to monitor women’s presence and portrayal in news and in media outlets and to call out breaches to the Joint Prakas On Media Code of Conduct for Reporting on Violence Against Women, and to redress the gender imbalance of government spokespeople across all Ministries. This study did not extend to examining the impact on society of women being under-represented and misrepresented in news. Nevertheless, we do know that news media help shape public discourse and who or what is selected to appear in the news and how individuals are portrayed can influence people’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours (Flood & Pease, 2009).
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"These Guidelines recognize the value of ODL as one of the most sustainable methods for overcoming the educational barriers faced by persons with disabilities. They also highlight and illustrate the facets of an ODL- facilitated education system using open educational resources (OER), free and open-
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source software (FOSS) and open access (OA) research. These Guidelines provide an overview for governments, institutions, educators and instructional designers, along with quality assurance and recognition bodies, when developing ODL platforms, processes and related aspects of ODL and reviewing courses with a view to incorporating the needs of users living with disabilities." (Back cover)
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"Hoy más que nunca advertimos la necesidad de una Inteligencia Artificial (IA) que respete los derechos humanos y las perspectivas de los pueblos indígenas, destacando su papel en la preservación de identidades y patrimonios culturales indígenas. Es fundamental democratizar la IA, incluyendo una
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diversidad de voces en su desarrollo y aplicación y este es uno de los grandes objetivos de este reporte. En definitiva, este reporte es una invitación para entender la necesidad de una IA participativa que respete y se enriquezca con la diversidad cultural, convirtiéndose en una herramienta para el desarrollo sostenible y la promoción de libertades fundamentales. Se presenta como un llamado a la acción para incorporar activa y respetuosamente las perspectivas de los pueblos indígenas en la IA, apuntando hacia una futura sabiduría colectiva que honre la riqueza de las experiencias y conocimientos humanos. Todo esto, sobre la base de la Recomendación sobre la Ética en la Inteligencia Artificial de la UNESCO, que funciona como una brújula de orientación ética y un cimiento normativo mundial, que permitirá desarrollar IA al servicio de la sociedad, con especial énfasis a los grupos poblacionales más vulnerables, y respetuosa de los derechos humanos." (Prólogo, página 7)
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"This report outlines the actions driven towards inclusive education, including skill-based training, online learning and classroom settings, and low-tech to high-tech assistive technology (AT). Skill-based training, one of the most important skills for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs), covers life
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skills, vocational training, mobility training, communication and social training, and academic training. This report emphasizes the AT for enabling inclusive education for the PWDs, opening a broader perspective on technology serving this purpose, i.e., physical and digital products that assist PWDs in achieving their goals. However, eight common challenges, shared by the six countries, have been identified: the need to strengthen policies, critical budget, poor implementation, lack of training, limited access, lack of awareness, negative attitude, and cultural and language barriers. These challenges are viewed as interconnected, as none can be resolved without involving another, posing another level of challenge to be implemented, in need of strategies and proper planning for a concerted effort to put forth by each country. Nonetheless, the countries remain steadfast and continue strengthening their policies and efforts toward inclusive education for PWDs." (Abstract)
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"This report presents the results of deep dive experiments into the risks associated to the design, deployment and use of generative AI to facilitate gender-based violence. It assesses the possible impact posed by generative AI that enables the creation of more realistic ‘synthetic’ media, ‘ha
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llucinations’ or biases in the outputs, automated harassment campaigns, and the ability to build ‘synthetic histories’ and compositional deepfakes. Lessons learned from the prompt-injection experiments conducted on how gender-based cyber-harassment templates are and can be generated are presented. It concludes with measures to be put in place by generative AI companies and the technology companies that platform them, by regulators and policy makers, by civil society organisations and independent researchers, as well as users." (Back cover)
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"This toolkit has been co-designed in close partnership with both established and emerging networks of Indigenous digital practitioners, language advocates, and collaborators, within the framework of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032. The toolkit promotes the foundation of l
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anguage preservation, revival, and promotion on eight key approaches: Facilitating, Multiplying, Normalizing, Educating, Reclaiming, Imagining, Defending and Protecting. It also offers a curated list of valuable resources, including guides, tutorials, and manuals for utilizing digital tools. In conjunction with the advisory group established for the toolkit’s preparation and other collaborating organizations, it presents a wealth of inspiring stories showcasing innovative projects that have made a significant impact on languages at local, national, or global levels." (Short summary)
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