"This paper explores the spillover of protests across countries using data on nonviolent and spontaneous demonstrations for 200 countries from 2000 to 2020. Using an autoregressive spatial model, the analysis finds strong evidence of “contagious protests,” with a catalyzing role of social media.
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In particular, social media penetration in the source and destination of protests leads to protest spillovers between countries. There is evidence of parallel learning between streets of nations alongside the already documented learning between governments." (Abstract)
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"This study explores the challenges of archiving the Egyptian revolution from 2011, and basically any archive consisting of digital media, specifically in contexts of ongoing political contestation. The text proposes a media-archaeological approach in both theory and practice: The media artist Kaya
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Behkalam speaks about his project The Augmented Archive, a digital topographic archive for Cairo’s urban space, whereas media philosopher Knut Ebeling traces the wider historical and media theoretical context to archival and memory practices of resistance. Behkalam and Ebeling have repeatedly worked together in the past on essays and projects around archival practice and media archaeology." (Abstract)
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"This Digital Citizenship Toolkit (DCT) is an attempt to introduce key concepts related to digital citizenship while taking into account the local socio-economic realities, technology adoption patterns, societal actions and other considerations. For young people, in particular, the demarcation betwe
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en online and offline is completely blurred. Therefore, in this book we do not separate the online from offline. Instead we consider it as part of a continuum, encouraging respectful and responsible behaviour in all spaces and environments. The Toolkit is presented as seven inter-linked modules. Each module starts with a brief overview, and clarification of key terms. It is followed by an exploration of the key topics coming under the module’s theme. One or more case studies are offered to illustrate some of the concepts, and wherever possible we have compiled examples and experiences from Sri Lanka." (About this digital citizenship toolkit)
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"There is a strong consensus within the governance space that citizen engagement is integral in supporting social accountability and strengthening democracy. The impact of the modalities through which citizens make demands on the degree to which citizens feel empowered to trigger recognition and act
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ion from the duty holders remains an open question, more so in the Kenyan context where citizen engagement and social accountability align to the Constitution’s provisions on “public participation”. To this end, Africa’s Voices bridges this gap by deploying its innovative approach to civic engagement through the ‘Common Social Accountability Platform’ (CSAP) which uses interactive radio shows to achieve meaningful spaces of mediated public discussion between citizens and authorities that are valued by both and strengthens relations between them. The approach also provides evidence of citizen opinions in a form that supports policy action by authorities. In the Strengthening Public Accountability and Integrity Systems (SPAIS) pilot project, AVF focused the intervention on the urban poor settlements of Nairobi through a series of weekly interactive radio shows in three popular radio stations over a period of 2 months (8 shows per station for a total of 24 broadcasts over 8 weeks). While the shows explored a range of issues relevant to corruption, transparency, public participation and accountability, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the content of the discussions was largely focused on health governance and healthcare service delivery. The topics of discussion included overall citizen experience and satisfaction in healthcare service provision; appropriate utilisation of resources allocated to healthcare for COVID-19; and citizen perceptions of their role in ensuring and monitoring appropriate resource allocation for healthcare. The intervention also served as a mechanism for citizens to air concerns and grievances related to potential corruption incidents in the healthcare sector and beyond. This SPAIS project convenes large-scale, plural and inclusive accountability dialogues between authorities and citizens in urban poor settlements of Nairobi with a view to promote and uphold public accountability and the role that citizens can play in countering corruption, to enhance citizen perceptions of voice and efficacy, government recognition of and engagement with citizens, and ultimately the forging of trust between citizens and authorities. Moreover, this project aims to strengthen citizen engagement in the monitoring of healthcare service delivery in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to provide trusted spaces for an exchange on matters related to the provision and quality of healthcare services. It envisions to draw rich insights from citizen voices and recommend programme options for UNDP and SPAIS partners to adapt future programming to the needs and opinions of citizens regarding tackling corruption in the health sector." (Introduction, page 7-8)
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"This article examines what drives audience participation in interactive broadcast shows, with implications for the democratic potential of these shows as spaces of citizen engagement and public discussion. It makes three contributions, the first two to audience and media studies and the last to pol
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itical communication. First, it provides evidence to fill a gap in empirical knowledge on what drives audience participation in interactive broadcasts in Africa. “Mediated sociability”—the ways in which audience members are socialized into thinking about interactive broadcast shows as a space in which people like them have a voice— emerges as a strong determinant of audience participation. Second, it then uses this evidence from a non-Western perspective to reinforce the importance of conceptualizing the interactive broadcast show as a convened social space that can enable active citizenship. Third, by advancing scholarship on audiences and publics, the article deepens our understanding on the democratic significance of interactive broadcast in Africa and beyond." (Abstract)
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"This paper argues for the reexamination of hashtag activism from the theoretical frameworks of liveness and appropriation. Scholarly discussions of online activism have, for the most part, focused on if and how technology revolutionizes social and political movements. Going in a different direction
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, I contend that scholars should examine how specific mechanisms for participation, such as the hashtag, enable and/or constrain online activism. Using the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag as an illustrative example, this paper argues that hashtags are limited by the digital and social construction of liveness, and are too easily appropriated. The implications of these limitations and considerations for future hashtag use are discussed." (Abstract)
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"The report documents the threats to civil society in the digital age by examining the legislative and regulatory framework in four countries in Africa: Egypt, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zambia. These countries were selected from the four main geographic regions of Africa, in order to provide a sense
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of the state of civic engagement in the digital age across the continent. The case studies are clearly not representative of what is happening on the continent, but are illustrative of some prominent trends. The recommendations emanating from the research call for the states to revise and repeal identified restrictive laws and align them with international standards. Civil society organisations and human rights activists are also encouraged to enhance their individual and organizational digital knowledge and expertise to more robust counter disruptive state measures. This expertise should be enhanced through a human rights lens and should extend to other stakeholders including judicial officers, legislators, law enforcement and the general public through sustained multi-stakeholder engagement." (Executive summary, pages 7-8)
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"This book explores the potential of the Internet for enabling new and flexible political participation modes. It meticulously illustrates how the Internet is responsible for citizens' participation practices from being general, high-threshold, temporally constricted, and dependent on physical prese
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nce to being topic-centered, low-threshold, temporally discontinuous, and independent from physical presence. With its ethnographic focus on Icelandic and German online participation tools Betri Reykjavík and LiquidFriesland, the book offers plentiful advice for citizens, programmers, politicians, and administrations alike on how to get the most out of online participation formats." (Publisher description)
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"Investigating the root causes of the Syrian uprising of 2011, New Media and Revolution shows how acts of online resistance prepared the ground for better-organised street mobilisation. The book interprets the uprising not as the start of Syria’s social mobilisation but as a shift from online to o
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ffline contestation, and from localised and hidden practices of digital dissent to tangible mass street protests. Brownlee goes beyond the common dichotomy that frames new media as either a deus ex machina or a means of expression to demonstrate that, in Syria, media was a nontraditional institution that enabled resistance to digitally manifest and gestate below, within, and parallel to formal institutions of power. To refute the idea that the population of Syria was largely apathetic and apolitical prior to the uprising, Brownlee explains that social media and technology created camouflaged geographies and spaces where individuals could protest without being detected." (Publisher description)
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"This policy brief examines the work of civil society activists struggling for peace by using social media around the world. Drawing from extensive field research, as well as the social media actions of activists and civil society members of India, Pakistan and beyond, this brief explains how the so
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cial media strategies of civil society activists can ease the risk of war and violence and improve the prospect for long-term peaceful relations between both countries. The South Asia region, including Afghanistan, India and Pakistan, has been known for intractable regional conflict. The conflict between India and Pakistan over Kashmir led to four wars (1948, 1965, 1971, and 1999) between these countries. Although peace efforts on the part of civil society activists have existed for many years, civil society’s use of social media for peace between both the countries is a new trend. This policy brief endeavours to add new insights on civil society’s use of social media to support peace. The brief also looks at how the civil society members deploy innovative strategies of communication—mixing social media and other methods—to plan, coordinate and practice actions, such as protests, talks, and marches. This policy brief attempts to enhance existing dimensions to the ques-tion of how to respond to the rising conflicts between nuclear countries India and Pakistan – an issue that can no longer remain unnoticed by members of civil society and the interna-tional community." (Summary)
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"On October 17, 2019, following the announcement of a tax to be placed on calls made via the mobile communication application WhatsApp, thousands of Lebanese citizens took to the streets to protest against this arbitrary decision. The protest quickly morphed into a country-wide uprising in which cit
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izens from all walks of life participated. Digital technologies were heavily used by both protesters and counter-revolutionary forces. This descriptive commentary piece will seek to shed light on how the former used digital technologies in ingenious ways to further the cause of the uprising while the latter used them to break the uprising’s momentum, with the hope that such a piece can pave the way for further research on the intersection of social movements, technology, and counter-revolutionary tactics." (Abstract)
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"This study analyses the content of the messages on the Facebook Page 'Support for Farmers' from the premise of Habermas's 'Public Sphere'. The results show that the discussions in support of the farmers' protest on Facebook galvanized the public interest on the problematic issues faced by farmers a
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nd rally support for their cause." (Abstract)
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"This book explores the struggles over the mediated construction and projection of the image of the nation at times of social unrest. Focusing on the June 2013 protests in Brazil, it examines how different actors -authorities, activists, the national media, foreign correspondents- disseminated compe
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ting versions of 'what Brazil was' during that pivotal episode. The book offers a fresh conceptual approach, supported by media coverage analysis and original interviews, that demonstrates the potential of digital media to challenge power structures and establish new ways of representing the nation. It also highlights the vulnerability of both 'old' and 'new' media to forms of inequality and disruption due to political interferences, technological constraints, and continuing commercial pressures." (Publisher description)
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"Als Tagungsreader der ersten Runder Tisch Brasilien Online Fachtagung analysiert das vorliegende Heft die Kommunikationslandschaft Brasiliens neu. Wer bestimmt gesellschaftliche Diskurse? Auf welcher Basis? In der virtuellen politischen Arena 2020 geht es längst nicht mehr allein um politische Bot
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schaften, sondern auch darum, eine möglichst große Zielgruppe (z.B. potenzielle Wähler*innen) zu erreichen. Längst ist ein Kampf um Werte und Wahrheiten entbrannt, auf den soziale Bewegungen nicht immer gut vorbereitet waren. Es geht daher um politische Verortung und Widerstand im digitalen Zeitalter. Denn die aktuelle Regierung hält ihre Macht mit kriminellen Strategien. Bolsonaros Regierung betreibt offiziell Desinformationspolitik, mit Polemik und Stimmungsmache gegen politische Gegner*innen. Kommunikation wird als Machtinstrument benutzt und entbehrt häufig jeglicher sachlichen Grundlage. Eine semioffizielle Gruppe, geleitet von Präsident Bolsonaros Söhnen, ist dafür zuständig, Fake News u.ber Whatsapp und andere soziale Medien zu verbreiten. Ein Skandal und eine Herausforderung für Menschenrechte und Demokratie. Während Bolsonaro sich selbst nicht an Abstandsregeln während der Pandemie hält und seine Anhänger*innen explizit dazu aufruft, sich auf der Straße zu versammeln, sehen seine Gegner*innen größtenteils davon ab und versuchen, ihre Proteste in die virtuelle Welt zu verlegen. Auch dort stoßen sie auf in Kommunikationsfragen gut geschulte rechte Gruppierungen. Die Gruppe der Evangelikalen beispielsweise nutzt ihre Wirtschaftsunternehmen und Kommunikationsplattformen geschickt für eine moralbasierte Politikgestaltung 'im Namen Gottes'." (Editorial)
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"Esta publicación sobre diálogo de saberes en colectivos recoge el espíritu del diálogo de saberes para reflexionar sobre temas recientes en los procesos de agrupación juvenil y sus formas de apropiación de medios y territorios, pues resulta pertinente pensar la ciudad y a través de las diná
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micas de reconfiguración territorial, social y cultural que realizan los colectivos de comunicación." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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