"Os conglomerados de comunicação social no Brasil são o retrato acabado de um sistema territorialmente capilarizado e institucionalmente centralizado. A análise do panorama dos meios de comunicação no Brasil, baseada na plataforma digital do Projeto Donos da Mídia, revelou que a influência d
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ireta ou indireta das 54 redes de rádio e televisão controladas pelos por esses conglomerados atinge mais de 25% dos 9.477 veículos de comunicação identificados pelo projeto. Algumas destas organizações encabeçam um sistema marcado por cinco condicionantes: tripla concentração econômica (diagonal, vertical e horizontal), controle das redes de distribuição, penetração regional, presença histórica e relações políticas. Ao mesmo tempo, suas empresas atuam simultaneamente em quatro dimensões: econômica, política, histórica e simbólica. Quando reunidas, as duas características configuram um modelo a que se propõe chamar de Sistema Central de Mídia. Esta dissertação permitiu a identificação de dez conglomerados que ocupam tal posição. Eles controlam, direta ou indiretamente, 12 redes de televisão, 9 de rádio e 1.310 veículos de comunicação, 14% da base identificada pela pesquisa. Conhecer a forma de organização que permite às empresas de mídia conquistar e manter posições no mercado nacional parece interessar especialmente no momento em que a convergência tecnológica vem reduzindo as distâncias entre os agentes da área das comunicações do Brasil e do exterior." (Resumo)
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"This report has identified the importance of African business media to investment in Africa. Notwithstanding the increase in the quantity and quality of business media coverage revealed in our study, accurate and analytical business stories are still in demand from investors, and this will be more
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so during the current economic crisis. From our sample of investors, three main areas for improving African business media coverage were highlighted: access to reliable facts and figures; training to improve the financial acumen of local journalists; sustained efforts to promote responsible and accurate business reporting." (Recommendations, pages 25-26)
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"En el libro que ofrecemos al lector se realiza un análisis detenido de la situación actual de las industrias culturales, sobre todo en la perspectiva de su influencia en los procesos de desarrollo, y se analiza lo que esta agencia se ha propuesto al definir a las relaciones entre cultura y desarr
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ollo como una de sus estrategias fundamentales de cooperación. Lo hace mostrando las posibilidades que tienen los países de fortalecer y redistribuir sus ingresos, incentivando, a través de políticas públicas y planes concretos, las industrias culturales. Éstas generan rentabilidad y empleo, resaltan la creatividad local y encuentran fortalezas en las culturas locales. Pero también este libro advierte claramente que la cultura no se reduce a su versión industrial, ni es solamente un asunto comercial y del mercado. Los productos culturales son mucho más que mercancías. Son soporte de la cohesión social y la democracia." (Prólogo, página 11)
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"Conocer los vínculos empresariales que unen al agronegocio con los medios de comunicación es fundamental para comprender la lógica de penetración y consolidación del modelo agroexportador en Paraguay. Éstos, por un lado, pueden deberse a intereses comunes propios del sector empresarial, que i
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ncluye a los medios de comunicación y, por otro lado, a la total fusión de empresas agrícolas y mediáticas que se da en algunos grupos empresariales. A continuación se describirán las relaciones entre los principales actores de estos sectores." (Página 87)
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"Las Industrias Culturales (IC) aparecen hoy como el centro nuclear en donde se juega el destino de nuestras identidades, nuestros valores compartidos y la calidad de nuestras democracias. Es también, por eso mismo, el espacio fundamental para los intercambios interculturales, en donde se dirime el
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grado de diversidad efectiva de nuestras culturas, su capacidad de abrirse, de entenderse e integrar al otro en uno mismo. Es, finalmente, un conjunto de sectores, ramas y relaciones económicas de cada vez mayor peso en el crecimiento económico y el empleo de las naciones y las regiones de países. Las IC constituyen así, por múltiples razones entrecruzadas, el centro ineludible de las políticas públicas culturales y de comunicación pero también, inseparablemente, de las estrategias privadas y de las políticas industriales que las apoyan. Y ello tanto en el terreno nacional como en la arena global. Cooperación y desarrollo se dan la mano pues inevitablemente con el comercio y la competencia. Entender e integrar esas múltiples caras en el espacio iberoamericano, y en las políticas que pueden consolidarlo no es ciertamente fácil. Pero esa complejidad se redobla ahora en medio de dos procesos que están transformando profundamente la realidad: la globalización de las IC, mucho más sistemática y generalizada que la del resto de la cultura; Y la pionera y acelerada digitalización de las IC, seguramente el mayor cambio que la cultura humana ha sufrido desde la aparición de los aparatos de reproducción de contenidos simbólicos, allá por la segunda mitad del Siglo XIX." (Resumen)
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"Los medios de comunicación en Latinoamérica, desde hace un par de décadas, experimentan una alta concentración. El presente estudio da cuenta de este proceso en Chile, aplicado a la radiodifusión. Con 2.000 concesiones radiales vigentes, más de 300 han pasado a holdings transnacionales (espa
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oles en su mayoría); la cifra muestra que, cuantitativamente, el número de estaciones concentradas no es alto, lo que ha servido de base para que instancias políticas y judiciales hayan autorizado las diferentes compras. Sin embargo, el presente estudio destaca que esta visión es errada, ya que la concentración se expresa, por una parte, en el control de la mayor parte de la publicidad por parte de estos grupos y, por otra, que al ser estaciones de radio que transmiten desde los centros urbanos (Santiago de Chile), una programación estándar para todo el país, invisibiliza a los distintos actores sociales. Frente a las decisiones políticas al respecto y los contenidos de las emisoras, es necesario explorar e incentivar la producción de programas locales que den cuenta de otras realidades, combinando lo local con la interpretación desde esa mirada, de los fenómenos globales, lo que se ha denominado programaciones 'glocales'." (Resumen)
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"The present study is a first attempt to look inside media organizations in Lebanon in order to understand what kind of business decisions are being made. This study analyzes employee diversity, as well as political affiliation or media owners [...] There was a clear reluctance among media owners to
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wards discussing their business practices [...] Most of Lebanon's seven private commercial television stations, which are comparatively very few considering the nearly 300 Arab television stations in operation, are among the most viewed stations in the region, due to their high production values and quality of programming. At the same time, these and other Lebanese media lag behind with respect to effectively managing human resources. Many lack written job descriptions, organizational policies, or regular performance appraisals, and they heavily rely on part-time staff and volunteers while not providing adequate financial incentives to their employees [...] Perhaps the most significant findings of the present study are those related to the financial aspects of Lebanese media organizations. Despite the sensitivity of discussing the profitability of these media, and considering that it is illegal, according to both the Press Law of 1962 and the Audio-Visual Law of 1994 for a broadcast or print organization to depend on sources of funding other than sales revenues and advertising, the answers given were quite candid and revealing. In Lebanon, financial support by the political elites who own these media is what has allowed most of the local media to survive. To ensure the sustainability of these outlets, long-term financial solutions and better marketing strategies must be adopted." (Preface, pages 7-8)
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"El objeto del presente estudio son las industrias llamadas "infocomunicacionales", que incluyen medios de comunicación, industrias de telecomunicaciones, internet y otras industrias culturales (editorial gráfica, fonografía y cinematografía). La investigación se ha realizado en Sudamérica y M
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éxico. También se relevaron datos de España. Se muestra en este texto cómo muy pocos grupos infocomunicacionales concentran la mayor parte de la producción, edición y distribución de los contenidos (información y entretenimiento) que circulan en las sociedades latinoamericanas, condicionando de este modo la diversidad de voces a escala masiva." (Descripción de la casa editorial)
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"The glories past of the Cambodian cinema, with international well known filmmakers like the former King Sihanouk, seems to be well and truly over. The current breakdown of the Cambodian cinema industry shows an alarming circle and reflects a desolate situation. In this book the author Kirstin Wille
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examines the existing framework conditions and figures out the reasons for this situation. In doing so a model is developed that contains general key factors for the success of motion pictures and interrelations among these factors. Due to country specific demands, she conducted a survey among cinemagoers to figure out the key components and gives advices which framework conditions must be changed generally and what kind of movies should be produced in order to build up a prosperous film industry." (Back cover)
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"In the great debate about ‘cultural imperialism’ in the 1970s and 1980s, the advertising industry was singled out as a key mechanism by which the economies and societies of the ‘Third World’ countries were seen to be dominated by the rich countries of North America and Europe. Yet, relative
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to critical research on the other international communication industries also held to exert such dominance, notably television and news, the advertising industry as such has since been rather neglected. The research presented in this article is based on material gathered by a collaborative team of researchers reporting on the recent state of play within the constellation of interests which make up the advertising industry in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina and Chile. The article thus provides a detailed empirical account of the modes in which the advertising industry now binds these leading nations of Latin America into both economic and cultural globalization." (Abstract)
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"This study claims to be one of the first attempts to explore the field of radio economics in rural Africa. Based on in-depth questionnaires filled in by 15 radio stations in Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, Ghana and Mali, it found that the costs vary widely according to the type of ownership, i.e. public
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, commercial or community radio. The average start-up costs fluctuate between $50,000 and 100,000. The annual operating costs range between $20,000 to $540,000 for public broadcasters, $2,500 to $930,000 for commercial stations and $2,500 to $286,000 for community stations. The costs of programming are largely dependant on the level of interactivity of the programme format, the accessibility of additional resources to produce specialised programmes, and the type of station producing the programme. The study found that community stations tended to invest more resources in interactive programming with community involvement and less on in-studio formats. The sale of airtime is important revenue for most stations. There is no shortage of investment for starting up radio stations (in particular community radios), but the common challenge remains the sustainability beyond the initial investment." (CAMECO Update 1-2009)
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"This paper has highlighted that the mass media can play an important, if not critical, role in both enhancing the flow of information and improving public-private dialogue in the local context. The paper therefore recommends explicitly incorporating media into the approaches of LRED. This means wor
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king to build government and private sector capacity to interact with the mass media and to build the media itself to be an effective institution that can be a catalyst to positive local economic development. Applying both media development and development communication to private sector development, and particularly LRED, is a relatively new area of endeavour. As such, those who tackle this will need to be innovative and adapt existing tools or develop new tools and approaches to working with mass media in the LRED context. The potential benefit of taking this innovative approach will be in making LRED better understood, more participative and more relevant by involving mass media that is the channel for information to and from mass audiences and a potential platform for public debate." (Summary and conclusion, page 17-18)
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"The study showed that, in 2005, the contribution of the copyright-based industries (CIs) to the gross domestic product (GDP) of Ukraine amounted to 2.85 per cent or 12,583.54 million UAH. At the same time the total contribution of the core CIs constituted 1.54 per cent or 6,815.61 million UAH. The
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contribution of CIs to gross national production in 2005 amounted to 3.47 per cent, or 36,336.71 million UAH. The contribution of the core CIs to gross production constituted 2.07 per cent, or 21,714.34 million UAH. The total number of employees in the CIs in 2005 amounted to 360,412 persons or 1.91 per cent of the total working population of Ukraine." (Summary, page 4)
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"The total value added of the copyright-based industries in Colombia reached Col$9.5 millions of millions in 2005 (approximately 4,800 million US dollars) from Col$5.7 millions of millions in 2000. As a percentage of GDP, the CBI represented an average of 3.3 per cent throughout the period. In real
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terms, i.e. discounting price increases, the value added of the CBI grew 29 per cent in five years from Col$2.4 millions of millions in 2000 to Col$3.1 millions of millions in 2005 (at 1994 constant prices). During the period analyzed, the CBI had an average participation in GDP of 3.3 per cent. This rate is similar to the share of electricity and gas, slightly higher than the contribution of crude oil and natural gas extraction and more than double that of coffee and coal. The latter comparison emphasizes the importance of the CBI in national output since coffee and coal are two important Colombian exports, which have a significant share in the global market. The composition of the CBI is as follows: the core industries represent 56 per cent of the total value added generated by these economic activities, followed by interdependent (24 per cent), non-dedicated support (13 per cent) and partial copyright industries (8 per cent)." (Executive summary, page 10)
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"Welche Faktoren für die Produktion eines afrikanischen Films in Namibia nötig sind, wird in der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit analysiert. Gegenstand ist die Darstellung der Filmwirtschaft Namibias mit all ihren Aspekten, Vor- und Nachteilen. Sehr konkret wird die Entwicklung der letzten Jahre und des
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Status Quos beleuchtet. Dazu gehört zum Beispiel die Ausbildungssituation für Filmschaffende, die Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten für namibische Filmprojekte und die reale Chance einer publikumswirksamen Auswertung des fertigen Films. Neben diesen nationalen Fragen wird das internationale und deutsche Interesse beleuchtet. "Deutschland und Hollywood treffen sich in Namibia", warum ist das so? Abschließend werden in der Arbeit einige Zukunftsprognosen skizziert." (Zusammenfassung)
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