"This article essentially shows how the development of commercial television in Indonesia has conflicted with the country’s media democratization, as illustrated by the growth of local media in the past 15 years. Compared to print media and radio, which are decentralized, Indonesia’s television
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industry is dominated by five large media corporations that are all based in the capital city of Jakarta. As a consequence, this fails to leave much growing space to television stations at a local level, which would be needed to strengthen Indonesia’s democratization. Media owners have successfully influenced the government in establishing a set of policies that sustain their dominance of the industry. Players within the television industry have even successfully swayed the direction of the broadcasting decentralization mandated by the Broadcasting Bill during Indonesia’s early political Reform period. The influence of these ‘Jakarta television stations’ stunted the development of television stations outside of Jakarta. Not only it deprives local actors of the economic value of developing their own television industry would bring, it also has resulted in the the loss of television's potential in functioning as a public sphere facilitating social control over democratic processes. Although the Reform era promised a new age of media democratization, the centralization of commercial television actually worsened media monopolies that were thought to have been done away with in post-Suharto Indonesia." (Abstract)
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"25 members of influential media in Latin America met in Montevideo, along with academics and representatives of civil society. The event aimed to discuss which could be sustainability models that guide journalistic projects in the region. New communication possibilities thanks to new technologies l
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ed to the proliferation of independent and alternative digital media. Now, how do they manage to survive and sustain themselves in time? Each project has made his own path: from partnerships with international organizations, training and consultancies, donations, to innovation and content. But what elements do they have in common?" (Page 2)
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"Brasilien hat mehr als einen Berlusconi: Zehn Familien kontrollieren die Medienlandschaft. Politische und wirtschaftliche Interessen sind eng miteinander verzahnt. Alle Versuche, das zu ändern, sind bislang gescheitert." (Einleitung)
"While several codes in these countries [where news media are considered less free] call for media owners to place responsibility for content above their commercial interests, the reality is that when promulgated by governments they can threaten rather than enhance freedom of the press. When volunta
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ry, they are little more than aspirational. Thus, some view the very notion of codes of ethics for media owners as potentially dangerous as well as ineffective. Nonetheless, media funders and implementers are urged to assist groups that seek to hold media owners accountable for the sins of omission and commission that occur in the publications, broadcast networks, and other media they own and control. As the funding of public-interest journalism becomes more challenging, notions of corporate social responsibility and good governance in management of media become more relevant and confidence-building actions that will encourage change across the ownership landscape, old and new, are urgently needed." (Introduction, page 7-8)
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"This edition is “special” as it provides a rich body of evidence demonstrating local creative economy decision makers and stakeholders in action that did not exist before. The evidence and analysis are presented in two formats: in this printed report and in a new webdocumentary that accompanies
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this publication, capturing the dynamism of the creative economy in developing countries. Case studies are provided across the global South from the Asia and the Pacific region to the Arab world, from Africa to Latin America and the Caribbean. This is strengthened by the first portfolio analysis of the impact of initiatives funded through the UNDP-Spain Millennium Development Goals Achievement Fund Thematic Window on Culture and Development and the UNESCO International Fund for Cultural Diversity demonstrating that local decisions makers are shaping their own creative economy development pathways." (Foreword, page 10-11)
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"John Sinclair and Joseph D. Straubhaar provide a comprehensive account of television production, distribution and reception in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking Latin American countries, showing how Mexican and Brazilian programmes have dominated in the region, and placing regional output in the con
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text of the global television industry." (Publisher description)
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"The traditional media (television, radio and printing media) have been bitter rivals for decades and the Internet has recently joined the battle. The Internet and telecommunication services also act as a medium to converge the traditional media with different platforms and operations. The convergen
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ce between broadcasting and telecommunications is rapidly transforming the market structure and business strategies. This paper aims to explore and understand the current situation of the radio industry in Thailand, particularly in the business service sector. The analysis is based on the industrial economics theory - the Structure Conduct Performance (SCP) Framework. The research findings show that the growth rate of radio advertising expenditure did not increase much between 2007 and 2011 because some other types of media were able to reach consumers more rapidly. The concession contract system was valid for a very short period of time and lacked transparency, making it difficult for radio producers to engage in strategic planning. For this reason, grantees of radio broadcasting concessions, which were companies of full-cycle entertainment business or other forms of media of both vertical and horizontal integration, had an advantage. There was intense competition to maintain market share and to earn more income from advertisements but there was very little competition in terms of content. Things became difficult for radio producers who did not have very deep pockets and resources so, broadcasting regulations and policy had to be fair, transparent and more liberal in order to create competition and economic efficiency in the emerging convergence era." (Abstract)
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"This book is the first to present an organized study of the key concepts that underlie and motivate the field of creative industries. Written by a world-leading team of experts, it presents readers with compact accounts of the history of terms, the debates and tensions associated with their usage,
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and examples of how they apply to the creative industries around the world." (Publisher description)
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"Este estudio presenta un análisis de las distintas variables que afectan a las industrias culturales y creativas (ICC) en el contexto de un mercado global, tratando de determinar su potencial de la internacionalización. Partimos de datos que tiene un gran peso en nuestra economía: las ICC alcanz
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aron el 5,6% del VAB a nivel nacional y el 6,3% del empleo en 2008. Pero partimos también de la base de que disponemos de un desactualizado que responde a una realidad obsoleta, basada en el ámbito de intercambios analógicos. Y lo mismo ocurre con las políticas públicas. Pensamos que tanto las normas como las políticas deben cambiar su enfoque de manera radical. Entre los factores que influyen positivamente, detectamos que las Industrias culturales y creativas españolas tienen generalmente altas tasas de retorno de inversión, altos niveles de competitividad en comparación con otros sectores, y un capital humano más cualificado. A esto se suman otros factores relacionados con nuestro capital cultural y simbólico: la lengua, el patrimonio, la creatividad… Dado su potencial real en la economía digital y como principal recurso para la competitividad, el crecimiento sostenible y la creación de empleo, se ha puesto de relieve en los últimos años la relevancia que la cultura ha ido adquiriendo como elemento fundamental de la imagen que nuestro país proyecta en el exterior. El estudio trata de los aspectos fundamentales que deben ser tenidos en cuenta a la hora de impulsar la inserción de nuestra industria en un mercado global: Un análisis por sectores culturales y creativos, puesto que cada uno atiende a especificaciones concretas y parte de momentos diferentes respecto de su internacionalización; Un marco de análisis de la legislación y de las políticas públicas en los ámbitos del comercio internacional, el empleo, las tecnologías, el arte y la cultura y la educación y formación; Una apuesta decidida por el entorno digital como espacio propicio, de referencia y de oportunidades para la internacionalización del sector cultural y creativo. Concluimos que las ICC españolas, aún estando lejos de alcanzar todo su potencial de internacionalización, tienen los mimbres necesarios para crecer y salir y para ello proponemos una serie de medidas y recomendaciones, tanto en el terreno de la intervención pública, como en él ámbito de las necesarias transformaciones estratégicas del sector." (Resumen ejecutivo, página 4-5)
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"The article analyses the turnaround in guidelines occurring in public policies for culture in Brazil. This is placed in the context of the transition from the government of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the Dilma Rousseff administration, including the end of the cycle of shared leadership between M
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inisters Gilberto Gil (2003-8) and Juca Ferreira (2008-10) and the beginning of Ana de Hollanda's administration of the Ministry of Culture. The analysis starts with evaluation of the inaugural speeches of Ministers Gil and Ana de Hollanda as moments for the enunciation of their differing strategic perspectives. It focuses on the consequences of their contrasting views in three spheres: (1) creative economy; (2) copyright; (3) the Alive Culture program. The article concludes that, in a continuing government program, Brazil is undergoing a reversal of cultural policy with large-scale implications." (Abstract)
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"The Indian Media Business, Fourth Edition gives you detailed analysis, perspective and information on eight segments of the media business in India—print, TV, film, radio, music, digital, outdoor, and events. It presents the business history, current dynamics, regulation, economics, technology, v
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aluations, case studies, trends (Indian and global) and a clear sense of how the business operates. This book is a must-read for media professionals, students and for those planning to invest in the Indian media and entertainment business. The outstanding feature of the fourth edition is a new chapter on digital media—arguably, the first ever look at digital media from a comprehensive business perspective. This looks at everything from history to business dynamics and the major issues digital media faces in India. This edition tackles regulation with more detail than any of the previous ones. There is one large case study on the quality of regulation in India and several caselets such as the ones on copyright law, defamation law and how it works for social media." (Publisher description)
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"Given that over half the revenues of global newspaper publishing come from advertising (80% in the US and 57% in OECD countries, OECD, 2010), we study how media firms internalize the effect of their own coverage on advertisers' sales and hence on their own advertising revenues. We show, within a fr
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amework of non-localized, Hotelling-type competition among arbitrary numbers of media firms and outlets, that (i) topics sensitive to advertisers can be underreported by all outlets in the market, (ii) underreporting tends to increase with the concentration of ownership, and (iii) adding outlets, while keeping the number of owners fixed, can further increase the bias. We argue that self-censorship can potentially cover a wide range of topics and generate empirically large externalities." (Abstract)
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"The growing nonprofit news sector is showing some signs of economic health, and most leaders of those outlets express optimism about the future, according to a new study by the Pew Research Center. But many of these organizations also face substantial challenges to their long-term financial well-be
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ing. The report finds that large, often one-time seed grants from foundations help many of these nonprofit news outlets get up and running. But as those grants expire, many organizations do not have the resources or expertise necessary for the business tasks needed to broaden the funding base. More than half of the nonprofit news organizations surveyed by the Pew Research Center in late 2012 (54%) identified business, marketing and fundraising as the area of greatest staffing need, compared with 39% who said the top need was for more editorial employees. In addition, nearly two-thirds of the nonprofits (62%) cited “finding the time to focus on the business side of the operation” as a major challenge—compared with 55% who cited “increasing competition for grant money.” Most nonprofit news organizations are small, with minimal staffs and modest budgets. Indeed, 78% of the survey respondents reported having five or fewer full-time paid staffers—including 26% with none." (Overview, page 1)
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"In line with the rapidly evolving digital media landscape, this second and fully revised edition of Understanding Media Economics moves beyond the convention of a sector-specific approach to analysis of media economics, and instead offers a framework focused on key themes and imperatives that, in t
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he twenty-first century, are central to a grasp of how economic forces impact on the operation of media industries. It explores a series of topics of relevance to the economics of media – such as innovation, digital multi-platform developments, economics of networks, the impact of two-way connectivity on market demand, risk-spreading strategies, copyright, corporate expansion, advertising – whose resonance frequently extends beyond individual sectors and across the industry as a whole. The general aim is to open up to non-specialists in economics the many fascinating economic traits and pressing industrial policy questions surrounding media industries and markets in the digital era." (Preface, page xi)
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"At an international level, the media development community should advocate for standards governing media cross-ownership limitations, best practices in media licensing, and the licensing of the broadcast spectrum. States should adopt net neutrality and support increased uncensored access to social
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media and Internet news sources. They should scrutinize media ownership sales and declare non-transparent sales of media companies illegitimate and make their ownership visible. Media owners, governments, and media development funders and practitioners must modify the belief that advertising will always automatically support independent media. It won’t. It is not in any advertiser’s business model to underwrite news reporting; first and foremost, it is their fiduciary duty to build their own customer bases. If that means redirecting marketing strategies to more effective platforms, they will. And they have. The media development community should commit to aggressively accelerating the financial management, business, advertising, and digital media skills of media managers, particularly in transitional countries. When entering transitional markets, media outlets should first conduct audience research to establish a baseline for advertising rates. Cronyism and coercion lack force when advertisers, particularly large international advertisers, are given legitimate choices among alternatives. Media developers should support independent community and investigative reporting, especially local radio, through multiple funding sources, including helping to build local revenue bases, even if they exist outside traditional media business models." (Recommendations, page 31)
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"Kommunikative Grenzüberschreitungen finden auch im Hinblick auf Marktstrukturen und Managementstrategien von Medienunternehmen statt. Bei solchen grenzüberschreitenden Aktivitäten stehen aus medienökonomischer Perspektive strukturelle Zusammenhänge zwischen Beschaffungs- und Absatzmärkten sow
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ie zwischen Medienmanagementstrategien und Medienorganisationen in ländervergleichender Perspektive im Vordergrund. Analysen zu grenzüberschreitenden Medienmärkten und Medienprodukten mangelt es ebenso wie solchen zu medienunternehmerischen Strategien und Transaktionen an theoretischer Fundierung. Dieser Beitrag verfolgt daher das Ziel, ein Modell rekursiver Beziehungen zwischen Marktstrukturen und Managementstrategien vorzustellen. Im Verlauf der Darstellung werden die verschiedenen Ebenen grenzüberschreitender Medienkommunikation in medienökonomischer Perspektive anhand einer Aufarbeitung des Forschungsstandes begrifflich schärfer gefasst. Dazu gehören die drei zentralen ökonomischen Entitäten grenzüberschreitender Medienkommunikation: Märkte, Unternehmen und Produkte. Dies betrifft auch Unterscheidungen von Beschaffungs-, Publikums- und Werbemärkten und diejenigen von Information, Unterhaltung und Werbung, da sowohl Märkte wie Produkte unterschiedliche strukturelle Prämissen bei Grenzüberschreitungen bilden. Auf dieser Grundlage wird ein Medienmarkt- / Medienunternehmensmodell vorgestellt, mit dem rekursive Beziehungen zwischen Märkten und Unternehmen erfasst werden können. In Verbindung mit Ressourcentheorien und den Strukturmodalitäten grenzüberschreitender Medienaktivitäten entsteht ein Modell, mit dem die abschließend diskutierten Prozessdimensionen grenzüberschreitender Aktivitäten untersucht werden können." (Abstract)
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