Economics, Markets & Viability of Media
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Media Concentration
79
Media Ownership
67
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
65
Media Markets
49
Creative & Cultural Industries
47
Political Economy of Media
38
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
37
Economics of Media
36
Media Industries
36
Advertising Markets & Industries
35
Television Markets
31
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
28
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
27
Media Law & Regulation
26
Press Markets
24
Film Markets
20
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
20
Film Industries
19
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
19
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
15
Radio Markets
15
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
15
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
14
Media & Communication Policies
14
Newspapers
12
Financing Digital / Online Media
11
Music Industries & Markets
11
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
11
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
11
Media Use, Media Consumption
10
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
10
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
10
Government Advertising, State Advertising
9
Digital Media Markets
9
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
9
Television Industries
8
Globalisation of Media
8
Financing Press & Print Media
8
Politics and Media
8
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
7
Media Management
7
Advertising
6
Audiences & Users
6
National Cinemas, National Film Production
6
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
6
Freedom of Expression
6
State Influence on the Media
6
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
6
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
6
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
6
Television Economics
6
Media Assistance
6
Television Law & Regulation
6
Democracy / Democratization and Media
6
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
5
African Cinema
5
Television Programme & Format Trade
5
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
5
Alternative Communication & Media
5
Culture and Development
5
Digital Media Startups
5
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
5
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
5
Music Markets
5
COVID-19 Communication
5
Journalism
5
Financing Journalism
5
Local Communication & Media
5
Public Media, State Media
5
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
4
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Film Distribution
4
Film Production Companies
4
Latin American Cinema
4
Cultural Policies
4
Convergence of Media
4
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
4
Video Markets
4
Media Marketing, Branding & Promotion
4
Election Reporting
4
Media Development Indicators
4
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Television Landscapes
4
Radio Law & Regulation
4
Financing Not-For-Profit & Community Media
4
Public & State Television
4
Radio
4
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
3
Advertising Agencies
3
Editorial Independence: Influence of Advertisers
3
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
3
Book Markets & Industries
3
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
3
Cultural Cooperation (Development Aid)
3
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
3
ICT Industries & Markets
3
Digital Economies & Markets
3
Media Clusters
3
Press Industries
3
Media Market Transparency
3
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
3
Neoliberalism
3
Gaming, Video Games
3
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
3
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
3
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
3
History of Media: 20th Century
3
Journalistic Quality
3
Local Journalism
3
News Agencies
3
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
3
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
3
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
3
Media, Mass Media
3
Financing Media: Customer Payments, Subscription Models, User-Based Financing
3
Crowdfunding
3
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
3
Political Transition and Media
3
Newspaper Economics
3
Public Service Broadcasting
3
Theories of Change
3
Television
3
Commercial Television
3
Television Channels
3
Digital Advertising, Online Advertising
2
Television Advertising
2
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Audience Research
2
Media Use: Entertainment
2
Print Media Use, Press Readers
2
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
2
Election Campaigns
2
Asian Cinema
2
Feature Films
2
Nollywood
2
Film Production
2
History of Film & Cinema
2
Editorial Independence
2
Intellectual Property
2
Plagiarism
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
2
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
2
Community Radios
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
2
Communication for Local Development
2
Development and Media
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
2
Podcasts
2
Streaming Media
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Software Industries
2
Media Conglomerates
2
Media Competition
2
Press Distribution
2
Printing Industries
2
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
2
Financing Radio
2
Financing Television
2
Video on Demand
2
Small Enterprises, Micro Businesses, Small & Medium Enterprises (SME)
2
Foreign Investments
2
Sports Reporting
2
Television Dramas
2
History of Media & Communication
2
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
2
Foreign Television Programmes
2
Media Law & Regulation: International Standards & Practices
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
2
Business & Economics Journalism
2
Local Press
2
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
2
Press Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Licensing of Media
2
Corporate Strategies
2
Financing Public Service Media
2
Broadcasting Companies
2
Print Media Management
2
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
2
Press
2
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
2
Research in Media & Communication
2
Communication & Media Indicators
2
Television Production Companies
2
Print Media Advertising
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Lobbying
1
Agriculture
1
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
1
Social Media Analytics, Web Metrics, User Data Analytics
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
1
Book Publishing
1
Book Trade & Distribution
1
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Christian Television
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Cinema
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
1
Film Associations, Film Organizations
1
Film Festivals
1
Film Financing
1
Film Budgeting & Production Costs
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Film Marketing
1
Media Assistance: Film Funding
1
Transnational Film Co-Productions
1
Videos
1
Communication Rights
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Economic Factors
1
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
1
Self-Censorship
1
Social Media Marketing & Digital Public Relations
1
Press Releases & Press Conferences
1
Transnational Public Relations Agencies & Consortia
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Media
1
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Violence in the Media
1
War Reporting
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Quality
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Cultural Goods
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Museums
1
National Character
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Media Initiatives (Case Studies)
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Digital Financial Services, Mobile Banking, Mobile Payphone Business
1
Online Media & Internet Economics
1
Digital Market Concentration
1
Online News
1
Facebook
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
TikTok
1
WhatsApp
1
Information Society
1
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
1
Hispanic Americans, Hispanic Media
1
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Documentation Systems
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Film Economics
1
Media Commercialisation
1
Radio Industries
1
Competition, Competition Analysis
1
Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
1
Cross-Media Ownership
1
Radio Economics
1
Economic Conditions
1
Big Enterprises
1
Small-Scale Industries
1
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
1
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Sustainable Development
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Journalism Ethics
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Associations
1
Events
1
Good Practice Examples
1
History of Media: 19th Century
1
History of Radio
1
History of Television
1
History of the Press
1
International Communication
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
International Media
1
International Media & Communication Policies
1
World Information and Communication Order
1
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Communication
1
Transnational Television Co-Productions, International Television Co-Productions
1
Mercosur
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Freelance Journalists & Media Workers
1
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
1
Television News
1
Political Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Spanish Language
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance: Business & Economics Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Citizen Participation & Civil Society
1
Media Assistance: Dependency of Recipients
1
Media Assistance: Donor Organizations
1
Media Assistance: Local Journalism & Media
1
Media Assistance: Press
1
Media Assistance: Radio
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Trust Building: Role of Communication & Media
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Television Policies
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Radio Landscapes
1
Media Governance
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Budgeting, Cost Calculation, Financial Planning
1
Human Resources Development, Personnel Management
1
Knowledge Sharing & Transfer
1
Low-Cost Solutions, Low Budget Calculation
1
Newspaper Management
1
Nonprofit Media Management
1
Radio Management
1
Starting Media Outlets, Creation of Digital Businesses
1
Television Management
1
Far Eastern Economic Review
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Capitalism
1
Democracy
1
Semi-Authoritarian Regimes & Defective Democracies
1
Democratization
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Public Opinion
1
Public Spheres
1
Magazines
1
Yellow Press
1
Television Production
1
Sustainability
1
Institutional Sustainability
1
Project Sustainability
1
Commercial Radios
1
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
1
Media Effects
1
Manipulation
1
Social Functions & Effects of the Media
1
Muslim Television Broadcasting
1
Religious Television Programmes
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Apartheid
1
Social Classes
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Digital Television
1
Printing, Print Production, Print Technologies
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Cable Television
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
1
Televisa (Television Channel, Mexico)
1
Television Networks
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Precarious Creativity: Global Media, Local Labor

Oakland, Calif.: University of California Press (2016), x, 324 pp.
"The markets we do include are a very diverse bunch, from the very closed and politically tightly controlled such as Laos; through a large number of nations on the African continent which have seen a sudden improvement in digital infrastructure thanks to the landing of several new submarine intercon ... more
"Alle großen Verlagshäuser der großen Leitmedien sind in Events involviert, bei denen Lobbyorganisationen mit im Boot sind. Von Anfang 2012 bis Ende 2015 gab es 59 derartige Veranstaltungen. Dies zeigt, dass es sich längst um ein umfassendes Phänomen handelt [...] Die Untersuchung zeigt weiterh ... more
"As media ecosystems in West Africa are increasingly diversifying and opening up after decades of state control, innovative and independent journalism is advancing government transparency and accountability. New opportunities for funders are opening in tandem, with potential for both social and econ ... more
"Based on data collected from 97 countries through the UIS 2014 Survey on Feature Film Statistics, the following observations on diversity can be made: In 2012, the number of feature films greatly increased throughout the world, and the following year a new production record was hit: 7,610 movies. H ... more
"Blurring the Lines: Market-Driven and Democracy-Driven Freedom of Expression focuses on challenges from the market to free speech and how free speech can be protected, promoted and developed when lines between journalism and advertising are blurred. With contributions from 20 scholars in law, media ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Tunisia

Reporters Without Borders (2016)
"The Tunisian revolution has left a significant mark on the country’s media landscape, which diversified and played an important role in the transition process. Media diversity, however, does not guarantee the independence of information per se, especially if it remains to be dominated by politica ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Ukraine

Reporters Without Borders (2016), 611 pp.
"Ukrainian mass media outlets are mostly driven by their owners’ individual interests and thus serve as instruments to securing political and economic power. Corruption and lack of financial transparency further inhibit the healthiness of the country’s media landscape. The Media Ownership Monito ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Philippines

Reporters Without Borders (2016), 699 pp.
"Two giant broadcast networks dominate the Philippine media industry both in terms of economic market power and audience reach, which gives them a major potential to shape public opinion. Despite a high number of media outlets and being described as one of the most freewheeling media systems in the ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Peru

Reporters Without Borders (2016), 612 pp.
"High levels of revenue and ownership concentration in the media sector pose a threat to freedom of information in Peru. Concentration is also exceptionally high in terms of circulation and audience in the print and digital media sectors. MOM Peru, carried out from September and December 2016, has r ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Mongolia

Reporters Without Borders (2016), 847 pp.
"Only one out of ten Mongolian media outlets is actively transparent about its ownership. A majority of them has political affiliations through their founders and / or owners. This limits the important role of media to act as an independent watchdog for democracy. These are some of the main findings ... more
"El informe ofrece una sección breve de antecedentes y contextualización del sistema mediático peruano, para seguidamente exponer y analizar las principales disposiciones que sobre concentración de medios se encuentran en la Constitución, leyes y reglamentos específicos. Propone, así mismo, u ... more
"In Tschechien ist die Qualitätspresse in einer schwierigen Lage. Der Markt ist klein, die Kosten sind hoch und die Erträge bescheiden. Zeitungen und Nachrichtenmagazine werden ihrem Anspruch, seriöse Berichterstattung zu bieten, oft nicht gerecht. Die Verantwortung für die Boulevardisierung war ... more
"This report reviews challenges and opportunities for news media and journalism in today’s changing media environment. It documents that we are moving towards an increasingly digital, mobile, and social media environment with more intense competition for attention. More and more people get news vi ... more

Media Ownership Monitor Turkey

Reporters Without Borders (2016)
"While the Turkish media market looks diverse from the outside because of the large numbers of outlets, it is increasingly concentrated in terms of opinion. The Media Ownership Monitor Turkey, carried out with IPS Communication Foundation/ bianet between July and October 2016, shows that the governm ... more
"Ce livre traite de l'évolution de la presse africaine francophone dans un contexte de mutations sociopolitiques récurrentes. S'appuyant sur le cas particulier du Congo-Brazzaville, l'analyse démontre clairement comment les mutations sociopolitiques induisent des logiques sociales de la communica ... more

Creative Economy Outlook and Country Profiles: Trends in International Trade in Creative Industries

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2016), vii, 161 pp.
"International trade in creative industries showed sustained growth in the last decade. The global market for traded creative goods and services totaled a record $547billion in 2012, as compared to $302 billion in 2003. Exports from developing countries, led by Asian countries, were growing faster t ... more
"For journalists promoting the free flow of information in repressive or restrictive media environments, the issue of financial sustainability is complex. Both media in exile (out-of-country news outlets feeding independent information into the country of origin) and news outlets in restrictive news ... more

El modelo de negocio de los medios

In: Palabra libre: el derecho a la información, medios de comunicación y autorregulación
Luis Iberico Núñez (comp.)
Lima: Fondo Editorial del Congreso del Perú (2016), pp. 123-134