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Economics, Markets & Viability of Media

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"My Boss is 18,000 People": Journalism Practices in Crowdfunded Media Organizations

Adilya Zaripova

MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, volume 33, issue 62 (2017), pp. 110-118

"This article analyses three crowdfunded media organizations in three different countries – Krautreporter (Germany), Direkt36 (Hungary), and Colta (Russia). Using qualitative in-depth interviews, it demonstrates that journalism practices in a crowdfunded newsroom are very different from those in o ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Brazil

Reporters Without Borders;Intervozes (2017), 925 pp.

"Power in Brazil means family business, both traditionally and to this very day. Dynasties of landowners known as “Colonels” extend their territorial claims to the airwaves, combining economic and political interests with tight control of public opinion. Neither digital technology and the rise o ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Ghana

Reporters Without Borders;Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2017), 567 pp.

"The Media Ownership Monitor (MOM) reveals a high level of audience concentration in various media sectors. An almost maximum concentration was found among the printed press, where the top four media companies (Graphic Communications Group Limited, New Times Corporation, Western Publications Limited ... more

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Media Ownership Monitor Morocco

Reporters Without Borders;Le Desk (2017), 618 pp.

"Nine of the 36 media companies involved in Morocco’s most influential media are directly linked to the state, the government or the royal family. Four of them – SOREAD, SNRT, EcoMedias and Horizon Press – are among the most important media companies in terms of turnover and show the potential ... more

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The State of Video

New York: GroupM (2017), 46 pp.

"Video, particularly linear television, remains the dominant form of entertainment and, as many “web-endemic” businesses will confirm, the dominant vehicle for brand building among all advertising channels. All over the world, however, the supply of high-rating, passively consumed, linear-delive ... more

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Strengthening the Creative Industries for Development in the Republic of Korea: Empowering Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises, Jobs and Sustainable Development

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) (2017), 58 pp.

"The Republic of Korea has been successful in investing in its people and its talents. It is now investing in the potential for the youth to be great entrepreneurs. We hope that this report will be useful to developing countries and encourage them to look into new growth opportunities and sustainabl ... more

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The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in the Republic of Ecuador

Pablo Cardoso

Geneva: World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (2017), 98 pp.

"The survey establishes that from 2010 to 2014, copyright industries in Ecuador experienced rapid growth and increased their share of GDP from 3.65 per cent to 4.47 per cent, or 3,116 million US dollars in monetary terms. In 2014, the creative sector generated 3.47 per cent of national employment (2 ... more

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World News Publishers Outlook 2017

Frankfurt am Main: WAN-IFRA (2017), 85 pp.

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Relations Between Media and Politics in Albania

Rrapo Zguri

Tiranë: Albanian Media Institute;Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2017), 59 pp.

"During the transition years, Albania saw the establishment of a relatively complete legal framework for the protection and development of media freedom and independence. However, in many cases, the legal framework was delayed or a mechanical transplant of western legislation. Enforcement of legisla ... more

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Philanthropic Journalism Funding in Germany

Thomas Schnedler, Günter Bartsch

Maastricht: European Journalism Centre;Journalism Funders Forum (2017), 34 pp.

"As this study shows, many of the more than 21,000 German foundations contribute a wealth of ideas, and substantial funding, to a wide variety of journalistic projects and grants. But only around 120 foundations profess express support of journalism in their statutes. Unfortunately, the total moneta ... ry value of their activities remains in the dark. A project of the not-for-profit ZEIT-Stiftung makes the case in point what a focused engagement can look like. The area of interest is in Eastern Europe, where preconditions for independent reporting are entirely different from Germany, and where information is hard to get hold of, or cannot be accessed at all. Between 2000 and 2016, ZEIT-Stiftung has been awarding its prestigious “Gerd Bucerius Prize for a Free Press in Eastern Europe” for a total of 17 times (from 2004 in cooperation with Norwegian Fritt Ord Foundation). In a trusting international cooperation, the two foundations have awarded 97 laureates – 40 journalists and 57 media outlets – with €1.7m overall. The aim: to strengthen independent journalism in Eastern Europe. Meanwhile, both foundations have launched the follow up project “Free Media Awards. Supporting Independent Journalism in Eastern Europe“. It is well worthwhile further to encourage foundations to engage with projects that contribute to better journalism and plurality of opinion. Support for, and the defence of, press freedom; the free flow of information; and improving journalistic standards remain on top of the agenda. Notably, this is precisely not about steering opinion-forming processes, peddling of influence, or surreptitious lobbying. Moreover, foundations are not positioned to mitigate the adverse effects that come with the erosion of traditional business and distribution models. Nor can they develop alternative sources of media revenue. But as actors of civic society, foundations can uphold the importance of journalism. They can insist on the diversity, quality, and relevance of journalism – values that are constitutive for an open society. They can do so, for instance, through endowed journalism professorships, or by way of training and exchange programmes for mid-career journalists." (Foreword, pages 5-6) more

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Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Inspiring Practice

Janine Warner, Mijal Lastrebner, Dulce Ramos, Jordy Meléndez, Ernesto Aroche, Mauricio Jaramillo, Sérgio Lüdtke, María Eugenia Álvarez et al.

SembraMedia;Omidyar Network (2017), 68 pp.

"The main finding of this study is that digital media entrepreneurs are deeply transforming the way that journalism is conducted and consumed in Latin America. They are not just producing news — they are generators of change, promoting better laws, defending human rights, exposing corruption, and ... fighting abuses of power. They are driven to produce independent news in countries that are highly politically polarized — and some of them are paying a high price for it [...] Nearly half the journalists interviewed for this study reported threats and physical attacks in response to their coverage. More than 20% of the founders and directors we interviewed admitted that they avoided covering certain topics, people, and institutions because of threats and intimidation. Others face punitive lawsuits, cyber-attacks, never-ending audits, and the loss of advertising revenues in retaliation for their coverage. Digital natives in Latin America have an even more important role to play than their counterparts in the over-saturated media markets of the developed world. News ownership is highly concentrated in these countries, and government advertising is frequently used to reward compliant media outlets. Even in the face of these legal, financial, and physical threats, entrepreneurial journalists are building sustainable businesses around quality journalism. The advent of social media and easy-to-use web design tools has made it possible to launch a digital media venture almost entirely on sweat equity. More than 70% of the ventures in this study started with less than $10,000, and more than 10% of those now bring in at least a half million dollars a year in revenues. After analyzing data on traffic, finances, revenue sources, staffing, and years in business, we identified four distinct tiers of business development. Diversified revenue was key to success, especially in the mid tiers, and we found more than 15 distinct revenue sources, including events, training, membership, crowdfunding, and native advertising. More than 65% reported they were earning revenue in at least three ways. In the top tier, where audiences reach more than 20 million visits per month, advertising is the top revenue source, but not the only one. In the mid ranges, there is no dominant business model and diversified revenue sources that combine advertising with audience-driven sources, such as events and crowdfunding, are crucial for sustainability. When we analyzed the lower tiers, we found lots of opportunities for improvement. Despite their dedication to quality journalism, more than 30% brought in less than $10,000 in total revenues in 2016. Broadly speaking, we found two paths to growing these businesses: building audience to drive traffic and advertising, or leveraging the loyalty of the audience to inspire micro-donations and the 15 other ways they are making money." (Executive summary, pages 6-8) more

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Perspectives from the Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017–2021: Curtain Up! User Experience Takes Center Stage

Price Waterhouse Coopers (pwc) (2017), 40 pp.

"To thrive in a marketplace that is increasingly competitive, slower-growing, and dependent on personal recommendations, companies must develop strategies that engage, grow, and monetize their most valuable customers — i.e., their fans. To do so, they must combine excellent content with breadth an ... more

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Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania
Quick Overview

Price Waterhouse Coopers (pwc), 8th. annual ed. (2017), 161 pp.

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Industrias creativas culturales en Panamá: Diagnóstico del sector y relevancia económica

Guillermo Lagarda, Alex Diamond Jennifer Linares (eds.)

Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID);INDESA (2017), 107 pp.

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The Political Economy of Climate Change Reporting in Nigeria

nnaEmeka Meribe

African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 1 (2017), pp. 40-65

"While scholarly inquiries into the coverage of climate change in Africa are growing, there appears to be a dearth of studies focusing on how the political economy shapes the coverage. This qualitative study addresses this gap by exploring how vested interests, corruption and declining advertising r ... more

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Can Foundations Solve the Journalism Crisis?

Rodney Benson

Journalism, volume 19, issue 8 (2017), pp. 1059-1077

"In the context of the ongoing financial crisis in U.S. professional journalism, philanthropic foundation-supported nonprofits are increasingly proposed as a solution to the under-provision of civic-oriented news production. Drawing on an analysis of the social composition of boards of directors and ... more

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The death of B92: How it survived Milosevic’s authoritarianism but didn’t survive democracy

Dragan Stavljanin, Rade Veljanovski

International Journal of Digital Television, volume 8, issue 2 (2017), pp. 261-276

"This article examines how broadcaster B92, once the top-billed independent media in Serbia that resisted Milosevic’s authoritarianism, could not survive democracy. Although it withstood the crackdown and censorship of the war regime, it was eventually sunk by what could be considered ‘market ce ... more

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Global Media Giants
Top Insights

Benjamin J. Birkinbine, Rodrigo Gómez, Janet Wasko (eds.)

New York; London: Routledge (2017), xiii, 496 pp.

"Global Media Giants takes an in-depth look at how media corporate power works globally, regionally, and nationally, investigating the ways in which the largest and most powerful media corporations in the world wield power. Case studies examine not only some of the largest media corporations (News C ... more

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The Impact of Charity and Tax Law/Regulation on Not-For-Profit News Organizations

Robert G. Picard, Valérie Bélair-Gagnon, Sofia Ranchordás

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism;Yale Law School, Information Society Project (2016), 114 pp.

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Media Industries in the Middle East 2016
Top Insights

Qatar: Northwestern University in Qatar;Doha Film Institute (2016), 174 pp.

"This report contains the collected, examined, and produced information on the fundamental characteristics of the media and communication industries, whenever possible, in the MENA region as a whole. It typically includes 14 countries from Mauritania on the Atlantic Ocean to Oman on the Arab Gulf. F ... more

Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs Inspiring Practice

Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania Quick Overview

Global Media Giants Top Insights

Media Industries in the Middle East 2016 Top Insights

Inflection Point: Impact, Threats, and Sustainability. A Study of Latin American Digital Media Entrepreneurs
Inspiring Practice

Entertainment and Media Outlook 2017 – 2021: An African Perspective. An In-Depth Analysis of the Trends Shaping the Entertainment and Media Industry in South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, Ghana and Tanzania
Quick Overview

Global Media Giants
Top Insights

Media Industries in the Middle East 2016
Top Insights