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Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
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European Union (EU)
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UNESCO
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Press
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Media Law & Regulation in Conflict Areas
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Humanitarian Law
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Ethics in Media & Communication
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Media, Mass Media
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Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
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Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
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Press Law & Regulation
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Financing Media, Financial Media Management
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Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
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Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
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World Information and Communication Order
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Internet Governance, Internet Policies
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Radio
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Copyright: Music
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Community Media Financing & Sustainability
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Cultural Policies
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Information Society
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Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
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Council of Europe
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Associations & Networks of Journalists
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Television Policies
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Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
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Open Source Software
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Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
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Access to Media & Information
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Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
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Copyright: Films
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Legal Threats to Media Freedom
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Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation (SLAPP)
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Government Communication Strategies
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Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
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Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
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War Reporting
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Music Industries & Markets
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Television Markets
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Political Economy of Media
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Globalisation of Media
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Satellite Television
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Journalists
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Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
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MDDA - Media Develoment and Diversity Agency (South Africa)
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Press Landscapes
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Human Rights Protection
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Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
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National Security Legislation
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Financing Public Service Media
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Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
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Public & State Television
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Civil Society
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Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
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Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
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Community Television
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Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
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Defamation, Libel, Slander
4
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
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Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
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Female Journalists & Media Workers
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Good Practice Examples
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Mercosur
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Investigative Journalism
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Media Assistance
4
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
4
Radio Landscapes
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Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
4
Media Regulation Practices
4
Accountability & Transparency
4
Corruption & Combating Corruption
4
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
4
Advertising Law & Regulation
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Book Markets & Industries
3
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
3
Film Industries
3
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
3
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
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Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
3
Strategic Communication Planning
3
Community Media
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Community Radio Setting-Up
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Community Television Policies & Regulation
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Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3
Development and Media
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
3
Software Industries
3
Racism in Communication & Media
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Markets
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Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
3
History of the Press
3
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
3
Legal Status of Journalists
3
Election Reporting
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Media Reporting, Reporting on Journalism & Communication Issues
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Local Communication & Media
3
Media Assistance: Aims, Priorities, Funding Policies
3
Media Assistance: Cooperation Among Stakeholders, Power Relations, Ownership
3
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
3
Media Democratization
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Television Landscapes
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Right to Reply, Right of Recitification
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
3
Theories of Change
3
Digital Switchover
3
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
3
Media Assistance: Access to Public Information
2
Advertising
2
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Book Rights, Publishing Contracts, Licenses
2
Film Markets
2
Data Protection: Law & Regulation
2
Copyright: Software
2
Patents
2
Performing Rights
2
Recording Rights
2
Reprint Rights
2
Translation Rights
2
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
2
Self-Censorship
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Right to be Forgotten
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Community Radio Contents & Programming
2
Community Radio & Gender
2
Community Radio Management
2
Terrorism
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Cultural Diversity
2
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Convergence of Media
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Economics of Media
2
Informal Sector, Informal Economy
2
Radio Markets
2
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
2
Press Councils
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Population
2
International News Flow
2
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
2
United Nations (UN)
2
Financing Journalism
2
Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
2
Television News
2
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
2
Language Policies
2
Linguistic Diversity
2
Minority Languages
2
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Youth Programmes & Media
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Communication & Information Needs
2
Informal Communication Channels, Networks & Structures
2
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Child Protection: Legislation & Regulation
2
Civil Rights
2
Customary Law
2
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
2
Human Rights Violations
2
Judiciary & Penal System
2
Media Complaints / Sanctions Procedures
2
Religious Freedom
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Press & Print Media
2
South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC)
2
Democratization
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
2
Public Spheres
2
Newspapers
2
Stakeholders, Stakeholder Analysis, Stakeholder Participation
2
Commercial Radios
2
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
2
Social Aspects
2
Digital Radio
2
Telecommunications
2
Commercial Television
2
Television Channels
2
Rede Globo (Television Network, Brazil)
2
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Radio Advertising
1
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
1
Advocacy
1
Lobbying
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use: Urban Populations
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
1
Media Law & Regulation: Authoritarian Regimes
1
Campaigning
1
Political Campaigns
1
Catholic Radios
1
Children and Media
1
Children's Television Programmes
1
Christian Communication
1
Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD)
1
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
1
Liberation Theologies
1
Cinema
1
Film Financing
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Copyright: Photos & Illustrations
1
Digital Rights Management
1
TRIPS (Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property)
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
OSCE Representative of Freedom of the Media
1
Community Communication
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Radio Associations & Networks
1
Foro Argentino de Radios Comunitarias (FARCO)
1
Community Radio Governance & Ownership
1
Media Assistance: Community Radios
1
Participatory Communication
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
Holocaust
1
Civil Wars
1
War Crimes
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Transitional Justice Reporting
1
Content Analysis (Research Method)
1
Media Criticism
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
1
Alternative Cultures, Protest Cultures
1
Popular Art, Folk Art, Handicrafts
1
Collective Identities & Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Traditional Cultures
1
Development Assistance
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
International Development Cooperation
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Development Communication Theories
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Ethics, AI Ethics, Social Media Ethics, Data & Information Ethics
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Spam & Scam
1
ICANN
1
Internet
1
Multimedia Products & Production
1
Online Communication
1
Political Blogging
1
Financing Digital / Online Media
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Search Engines
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Effects & Impact
1
ICT Regulation
1
Ethnic / Minority Radio Programmes
1
Ethnic / Minority Television Programmes
1
Minority Rights
1
Religious Minorities & Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
1
Earthquakes, Floods, Tsunamis, Natural Disasters
1
Documenting Human Rights Violations
1
Libraries
1
Commercial Broadcasting
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Press Distribution
1
Television Industries
1
Media Market Transparency
1
Press Markets
1
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Private / Commercial Media Ownership
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Market Liberalization, Economic Liberalization
1
Neoliberalism
1
Public Goods, Commons
1
Taxes
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Open Educational Resources (OER)
1
Training
1
Sports Reporting
1
Environmental Communication
1
Biodiversity Communication
1
Extractive Industries & Mining Reporting
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Countering Defamation & Harassment
1
Editorial Guidelines
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sexuality: Media Representation, Sexually Explicit Media Content, Pornography
1
Evaluation Criteria, Evaluation Indicators
1
Media Assistance: Evaluation, Monitoring, Impact Assessment
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Decolonial & Non-Western Approaches
1
Food, Food Security, Nutrition
1
HIV / AIDS Communication
1
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
1
Tobacco Counter-Marketing, Smoking Cessation Campaigning, Nicotine Addiction Reporting
1
Colonial Legacies
1
History (General)
1
History of Telecommunication
1
History of Television
1
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Indigenous Rights, Indigenous Jurisdiction & Customary Law
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
Intercultural Dialogue
1
European Broadcasting Union (EBU)
1
International Press Institute (IPI)
1
Regional (Transnational) Integration & Communication
1
Transnational Television, International Television
1
Global Governance
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
International Federation of Journalists (IFJ)
1
Reporters Sans Frontièrs
1
Radio Journalism Education
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Values, News Selection Criteria
1
News Agencies
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Local Television
1
Financing Media: Philanthropic Support
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
Netherlands: Media Assistance
1
Communication
1
Communication Systems
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
1
Dissemination of Information
1
Information Exchange
1
Social Communication
1
Deregulation & Liberalisation of Media
1
Media Privatization
1
Radio Policies
1
Media & Information Literacy
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Socialist Media Systems
1
Accreditation of Journalists
1
Consumer Protection
1
Criminal Law & Criminal Prosecution
1
Media Content Regulation
1
Nationalisation of Media
1
Rule of Law
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Organisational & Governing Structures of Media
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Media Outlets, Media Associations
1
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
1
PRISA (Spain)
1
Music
1
Music Videos
1
Pop Music
1
Radio Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Politics
1
Governance
1
Government
1
Capitalism
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Public Interest
1
Agenda Setting
1
Independent & Oppositional Media
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Propaganda
1
El Comercio (Newspaper, Peru)
1
Yellow Press
1
Local Ownership, Local Stakeholder Participation
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Radios
1
Religious Radio Programmes
1
Radio Networks
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Media Effects
1
Oppression
1
Manipulation
1
Confucianism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam and Communication
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Research Methods
1
Data Analysis & Interpretation
1
Data Collection, Data Collection Methods
1
Indicators & Indices
1
Freedom of the Press Index (Freedom House)
1
Interviewing (Qualitative Research Method)
1
Statistical Data: Collection, Analysis & Interpretation
1
Science Communication & Research Dissemination
1
Society
1
Civic Coalitions
1
Apartheid
1
Participation
1
Social Justice
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Radio Production Equipment & Technologies
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Satellite Communication Technologies
1
Satellites
1
Software
1
Television Engineering & Technologies
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Pay TV, Pay Television
1
Rede Record (Television Channel, Brazil)
1
Television Programmes & Genres
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Modernización de las políticas públicas de comunicación: Foro internacional en el marco de la inclusión social
Lima: Presidencia del Consejo de Ministros (2015), 169 pp.
Estándares de libertad de expresión para la transición a una televisión digital abierta, diversa, plural e inclusiva
Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression;Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, Relatoría Especial para la Libertad de Expresión (2015), 95 pp.
Propaganda and Freedom of the Media
Vienna: OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media (2015), 78 pp.
"This non-paper aims to facilitate the OSCE participating states in formulating national and international law and policy toward the current spread of propaganda intertwined with the conflict in and around Ukraine. It distinguishes two sorts of propaganda in the contemporary world. The first is call
...
Study on the Future of European Audiovisual Regulation
Hamburg; Amsterdam: Hans-Bredow-Institut;University of Amsterdam, Institute for Information Law (IViR) (2015), 68 pp.
"This report recommends the use of opt-in regulation that offers favourable terms for the provision of content of ‘public value’. This approach will ensure that common European aims and values are maintained and national cultural particularities respected in a stable and long-lasting regulatory
...
State-Media Financial Relations in Macedonia: Media Freedom Curbed with Public Money
Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 19 pp.
"The government has developed various mechanisms for creating financial dependence on the part of the media, at both the national and the regional level. Owing to these financial relations, the media outlets become servile to the government, thereby seriously undermining own professional integrity a
...
State-Media Financial Relations in Albania: Nurturing Client-Based Media Practices
Ljubljana: Peace Institute;South East European Media Observatory (2015), 19 pp.
"The transparency of media market in Albania continues to be low, including both commercial operations and the state funding, despite of the existing databases. The involvement of new actors, such as advertising agencies, and sister companies of media outlets, makes it even more difficult to track s
...
Baseline Assessment of the “Guidelines for EU Support to Media Freedom and Media Integrity in the Enlargement Countries 2014-20”
European Commission;Particip (2015), 99, 173 pp.
"For this assessment more than 390 surveys were made in Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Turkey [...] In addition to the survey a further 150 in-depth interviews were held, complemented by a Focus Group in each country, which
...
De la concentración a la convergencia: Políticas de medios en Argentina y América Latina
Buenos Aires: Paidós (2015), 206 pp.
News Media Landscape in a Fragile State: Professional Ethics Perceptions in a Post-Ba'athist Iraq
Mass Communication & Society, volume 18, issue 4 (2015), pp. 471-497
"During the years of Ba'athist dictator Saddam Hussein, media personnel were under tight control and tortured or executed when they strayed from the government line. In the decade following the fall of the Ba'athist regime, thousands of Iraqi journalists were trained in liberal democratic profession
...
Defence Handbook for Journalists and Bloggers: On Freedom of Expression and Freedom of Information Principles in International Law
Key Guidance
Reporters Without Borders;Thomson Foundation;Paul Hastings (2015), 240 pp.
"The first section is dedicated to the definition of the concept of freedom of expression. First, international and regional texts are analyzed. Then, an overview of the bodies involved in the process of defining and protecting freedom of expression throughout the world is presented. The following s
...
Training Manual on International and Comparative Media and Freedom of Expression Law
Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI) (2015), 132 pp.
"This manual has been produced as a resource material for training workshops on media and freedom of expression law. It contains resources and background material to help trainers prepare and participants to understand the issues being discussed. It is expected that participants in the workshops wil
...
Les tribulations de l'Instance pour la Réforme de l'Information et de la Communication (INRIC) ou la difficile entrprise de transformer les médias en Tunisie
In: Médias d'Afrique: Vingt-cinq années de pluralisme de l'information (1990-2015)
Marie-Soleil Frère (ed.)
Paris: Karthala (2015), pp. 129-143
"A travers l'expérience de l'INRIC (Instance pour la Réforme de l'Information et de la Communication) en Tunisie, ce texte montre bien à la fois les défis et les difficultés auxquels sont confrontées les instances chargées de l'organisation du secteur des médias sur le continent africain. Co
...
Violações de direitos na mídia brasileira: Guia de monitoramento. Uma ferramenta prática para identificar violações de direitos no campo da comunicação de massa
ANDI;Intervozes (2015), 80 pp.
"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
...
Violações de direitos na mídia brasileira: Guia de monitoramento. Um conjunto de reflexões sobre como coibir violações de direitos no campo da comunicação de massa
Brasília: ANDI (2015), 84 pp.
"Esse Guia é decorrente de forte demanda do movimento social brasileiro, provocada pela proliferação de narrativas midiáticas que violam direitos elementares, previstos em lei. Capitaneada pela TV, a tendência espraia-se por outros meios e dilui as fronteiras entre jornalismo e entretenimento,
...
Customary Law and Media Regulation in Conflict and Post-Conflict States
In: Routledge Handbook of Media Law
Monroe E. Price; Stefaan Verhulst; Libby Morgan (eds.)
London; New York: Routledge (2015), pp. 237-252
"In the process of drafting new media laws for states emerging from violent confl ict, or transitioning towards more democratic governments, the role of customary law is often overlooked. While “best practices” or international standards draw on widely accepted norms of international human right
...
La régulation des médias en Afrique: Vingt années d'évolution
In: Médias d'Afrique: Vingt-cinq années de pluralisme de l'information (1990-2015)
Marie-Soleil Frère (ed.)
Paris: Karthala (2015), pp. 117-127
"La question de l'organisation du secteur des médias, à travers l'élaboration de cadres légaux et réglementaires adéquats, susceptibles de garantir le pluralisme et le respect d'un certain professionnalisme, conduit à se pencher sur les instances indépendantes de régulation de la communicat
...
On Trial: The Implementation of Pakistan’s Blasphemy Laws
Geneva: International Commission of Jurists (icj) (2015), 61 pp.
Im Würgegriff: Russlands Medienlandschaft unter Druck
Osteuropa, volume 65, issue 3 (2015), pp. 141-149
"Unabhängige Medien befinden sich weltweit seit über einem Jahrzehnt in einer tiefen ökonomischen Krise. In Russland kommt massiver politischer Druck hinzu. In den vergangenen zehn Jahren wurden zahlreiche kritische Journalisten und Redakteure entlassen, Fernseh- und Radiosender geschlossen, Zeit
...
Right to Information and Media Laws in Pakistan
Islamabad: Centre for Peace and Development Initiatives (CPDI) (2015), iii, 19 pp.
Training Manual on Litigation of Freedom of Expression in East Africa
Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI) (2015), 62 pp.
