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Quid Pro Quo: How Donor-Funded Journalism Redefines Job Descriptions

Mia Malan

African Journalism Studies, volume 39, issue 2 (2018), pp. 121-129

"Donor-funded journalism is a complex sphere, frequently characterised by balancing acts between the priorities of two vastly different environments. The health desk of one of South Africa’s legacy media outlets, the Mail & Guardian, owes its existence to philanthropy. Launched in 2013, the Bhekis ... more

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Investigative Journalism in Africa: An Exploratory Study of Non-Profit Investigative Journalism Organizations in Africa

Ntibinyane Ntibinyane

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2018), 99 pp.

"This exploratory study [.] argues that in a continent where traditional media organizations are increasingly failing to hold power to account, not-for-profit organizations are leading by example, setting the agenda and constantly scrutinizing those in power. This study further looks at the motivati ... more

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Journalism Education Interventions in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Examination of the Norwegian Model in Ethiopia

Téwodros W. Workneh

African Journalism Studies, volume 39, issue 2 (2018), pp. 9-29

"Recent trends in journalism education in Africa indicate a substantial increase both in scope and specialisation. While this increase is usually attributed to higher education institutions’ response to market trends, certain journalism education programmes are born out of development assistance i ... more

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Who Debates, Who Wins? At-Scale Experimental Evidence on Debate Participation in a Liberian Election

Jeremy Bowles, Horacio Larreguy

[no publisher] (2018), 45, 24 pp.

"In this paper we assess the electoral consequences of candidate selection into the supply of widely-disseminated programmatic information in the setting of Liberia, where clientelism is pervasive and the media sector is weak. We partnered with USAID and the NGO Internews to study the impact of rand ... omized elements of a nationwide initiative to hold debates for all 73 House of Representatives seats ahead of the Liberian election of October 2017. Beyond lawmaking, House members in Liberia control access to development funds as well as play key roles in the allocation and implementation of public goods, and thus voters have incentives to care about the policy priorities of the candidates and vote accordingly. However, historically, votes have been bought as often as won (Bowles et al., 2017). In an effort to improve democratic accountability, Internews organized 129 standardized debates, with at least one in each electoral district, to solicit the policy promises of the participating candidates. In the debates, the 59% of candidates who participated were asked a series of questions by moderating journalists on particular issues of local policy relevance, most often relating to district schools, primary healthcare facilities, and infrastructural investments. Rather than large townhall-style debates, the emphasis was on soliciting concrete policy platforms and promises from the candidates that would then be rebroadcast by community radio stations. To shock the supply of policy promises, we randomly varied the intensity of invitation efforts to persuade candidates to participate in the debates. The decision to participate is risky, particularly in clientelistic settings where the returns to programmatic competition can be both limited and highly uncertain. Candidates who ‘win’ a debate may enjoy greater publicity and net electoral gains, but ex ante they risk performing poorly, revealing their policy priorities to be disconnected from their constituents and restricting their ability to target campaign promises to small groups of influential voters. These risks are especially pronounced for the leading candidates (incumbents and their challengers), who enjoy greater resources for campaigning, are adapted to the existing clientelistic equilibrium, and are more likely to be attacked by opponents to gain publicity." (Pages 2-3) more

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Questioning the Role of Foreign Aid in Media System Research

Suzanne Temwa Gondwe Harris

In: The Palgrave Handbook of Media and Communication Research in Africa

Bruce Mutsvairo (ed.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), pp. 401-412

"While the internal dynamics or the role of the state has had a significant bearing on how media systems evolve and change, both internal and external factors have contributed to the type of media that exists in Malawi today. Although Hallin and Mancini did not include at length the role of external ... more

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Is it Time for a Global Fund for Free and Independent Media?

James Deane

BBC Media Action (2018)

"In recent weeks I have argued there is a need to bring fresh energy, creativity and intensity to efforts to support independent media. But these alone will not be enough. There is a fundamental problem of resources so I propose the creation of a new Global Fund for Free and Independent Media focuse ... more

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Evaluation of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC)

Seán Ó Siochrú, Geoff Geurts

Paris: UNESCO (2018), 122 pp.

"The evaluation found that IPDC interventions have achieved important outcomes in several key areas. Furthermore, some of the results achieved are directly associated with features that are specific to IPDC and derive from its unique governance structures and instruments. In terms of key challenges, ... more

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Report on the Evaluation of the Level of Knowledge and Skills Acquired Under the Collaboration on International ICT Policy for East and Southern Africa (CIPESA) Transparency and Accountability Project

African Centre for Media Excellence (ACME) (2018), 29 pp.

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Japan's International Democracy Assistance as Soft Power: Neoclassical Realist Analysis

Maiko Ichihara

London; New York: Routledge (2018), xiii, 149 pp.

"Most of Japan's civil society assistance targets media. JICA's policy guideline on peace-building assistance regards media assistance as one of the target categories of Japan's democracy assistance (Japanese International Cooperation Agency JICA, 2009). The International Peace Cooperation Council ( ... Kokusai Heiwa Kyoryoku Kondankai), which was established within the Cabinet Office. recommended boosting Japan's media assistance in its report published in December 2002 (Council on International Peace Cooperation 2002, 42). Japan has assisted media through grants, technical assistance, expert dispatch, expert training, and the provision of materials related to broadcasting (JICA 20046, 50). Japan has provided media assistance mainly to TV and radio stations. According to Masakazu Sakashita (2006, 122), 127 TV media assistance projects and 56 radio assistance projects had been conducted by September 2005, while Japan has never provided media assistance to print media such as newspapers and magazines. This is because Japan regards telecommunication and broadcasting technology as its comparative advantage and thus focuses on those projects that require it. Indeed, the chief characteristic of Japan's media assistance is that it focuses on facilities such as information and telecommunication networks instead of media content. Project contents include the improvement of production capacity and broadcasting skills, repair of ground communication systems, and provision of studio equipment. Seminars are provided to teach how to use and maintain the equipment provided through such projects as well (JICA 20046, 50). Expert training has been conducted for countries such as Indonesia and Sri Lanka in addition to broadcasting infrastructure assistance, which provided training for program production. However, this training tends to be a mere supplement to broadcasting in frastructure assistance projects (Sakashita 2006, 122). Within JICA, while it is the former Public Policy Department and the current Industrial Development and Public Policy Division that is in charge of democrac y assistance, the Information and Telecommunication Technology Division is in charge of media assistance. This shows that Japan's media assistance is conducted mainly as broadcasting technical assistance rather than democracy assistance, as Sakashita (2006, 122) notes. Japan's media assistance to Afghanistan in 2002 helped broadcast the country's Loya Jirga, or national assembly, on TV via satellite. Its aim was to show the discussion at the national assembly and the process of choosing the interim president of the country to increase the legitimacy of the new administration (JICA 2004a). The political character of this assistance project was distinct compared with Japan's media assistance until then. However, the project assisted only a state hroadcasting station and did not intend to Increase the capacity of primate media's watchdog functions. In this sense, the actual content of this assistance project was state, not civil society assistance. In addition, the contents of this assistance were to upgrade broadcasting in frastructure and provide equipment and training on how to use the equipment. No assistance was provided in terms of the content of the broadcasting. No expert on free and fair broadcasting was included in its preliminary study group, and all the experts were broadcasting technical specialists, which shows the weakness of Japan's interest in supporting the role of media in democracy (JICA 2002). The project document did not set contribution to democracy as an evaluation criterion of the project, either (Sakashita 2006, 124)." (Pages 51-53) more

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Funding the News: Foundations and Nonprofit Media

Matthew Nisbet, John Wihbey, Silje Kristiansen, Aleszu Bajak

Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy;Northeastern University, School of Journalism (2018), 69 pp.

"The authors assessed 32,422 relevant grants totaling $1.8 billion distributed by 6,568 foundations supporting journalism and media-related activities between 2010 and 2015. About a third of this funding or $570 million was dedicated to journalism higher education, the Newseum, journalism fellowship ... more

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No News is Bad News Programme: Internal Mid-Term Evaluation Nepal

Free Press Unlimited (2018), 77 pp.

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'No News is Bad News' Programme: Internal Mid-Term Evaluation Democratic Republic of Congo

Free Press Unlimited (2018), 30 pp.

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Same Beds, Different Dreams? Charitable Foundations and Newsroom Independence in the Global South

Anya Schiffrin

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2017), 32 pp.

"The growing trend of non-profit journalism has received much attention of late, but this report takes a unique look at how non-profit funding is affecting journalism in the Global South. Amidst the collapse of traditional business models for news organizations, funding from philanthropic foundation ... more

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WACC Strategic Plan 2017-2021

Toronto: World Association for Christian Communication (WACC) (2017), 21 pp.

"The overall goal of WACC’s programmes is to ensure that all its activities, projects and advocacy are focused on promoting, implementing and supporting the communication rights of all, especially the poorest, most excluded and most vulnerable people and communities. This goal will be realised thr ... more

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Strengthening Accountability Through Media in Nigeria: Final Evaluation

Michael Adebisi, Foluke Fadare et al.

London: BBC Media Action (2017), 47 pp.

"In a highly competitive media landscape, BBC Media Action’s governance programmes reached 52.8 million people in 2014 (and an estimated 64.6 million cumulatively), representing more than half the adult population of the country. One reason for this success was the brokering of radio partnerships ... more

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Audience Research in Media Development: Overview, Case Studies, and Lessons Learned
Top Insights

Dennis Reineck, Laura Schneider, Christoph Spurk

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2017), 49 pp.

"This publication takes a look at current developments in the field of audience research in media development and presents three case studies testing innovative methods that can be of use for research, monitoring, and evaluation. They are meant as an orientation and inspirational source for future p ... more

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Ascendant India, Digital India: How Net Neutrality Advocates Defeated Facebook’s Free Basics

Revati Prasad

Media, Culture & Society, volume 40, issue 3 (2017), pp. 415-431

"This article analyzes the 2015 campaign by net neutrality advocates against Facebook’s Free Basics service in India, and argues that their victory can be best understood by analyzing their privileged place in an India that imagines itself high tech and global. The advocates, predominantly tech wo ... more

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Supporting Independent Media

Pippa Norris

In: Strengthening Electoral Integrity

Pippa Norris

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2017), pp. 163-186

"In conclusion, therefore, training and capacity building programs for journalists are likely to continue to be one common form of media assistance offered by development agencies and domestic stakeholders, but these types of activities can be expected to strengthen useful technical skills for news ... more

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Donor Power and the News: The Influence of Foundation Funding on International Public Service Journalism

Martin Scott, Mel Bunce, Kate Wright

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 22, issue 2 (2017), pp. 163-184

"How does donor funding affect the independence, role perceptions, and ideology of the journalism it supports? We begin to answer this increasingly important but underresearched question with a year-long case study of the humanitarian news organisation IRIN as it transitioned from being funded by th ... more

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Vibrant Information for Just, Prosperous, and Inclusive Societies

Tara Susman-Peña et al.

Washington, DC: IREX (2017), 31 pp.

"The purpose of this document is to define IREX’s new approach to information with vibrant information systems. This will enable IREX to help partners and people generate, disseminate, consume, and use content that matters and take positive transformative action. The document provides the foundati ... more

Audience Research in Media Development: Overview, Case Studies, and Lessons Learned Top Insights

Audience Research in Media Development: Overview, Case Studies, and Lessons Learned
Top Insights