"Als Partner des staatlichen Rundfunks Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) leistet der Auslandssender Deutsche Welle (DW) einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Demokratisierungsprozess in Afganistan. Denn freie, unabhängige und verlässliche Medien sind in einer Demokratie unverzichtbar. Sie versorgen die Men
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schen im ganzen Land mit Informationen und tragen so zu aktiver Meinungsbildung bei." (Seite 5)
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"This document is a working paper, written at the request of MC-S-PSB (Group of Specialists on Public Service Broadcasting in the Information Society). Its main purpose is to describe some of the key developments and trends in media, and to address the long list of challenging and often controversia
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l issues confronting Public Service Broadcasting in coming years. A telling example of the profound nature of this change is the term broadcasting itself and its changing connotations. From its origins as a broad term covering communicative activity it is in the process of becoming merely a technical term for one of a number of distribution methods and technologies used by media companies. To avoid the risk of “Public Service Broadcasting” (PSB) being interpreted in this narrow sense of traditional terminology in this report it will be termed “Public Service Media” (PSM). What the report lacks in clear-cut answers will hopefully be compensated for by its plenitude of difficult and provoking questions. Many of them have been formulated and discussed in the course of fruitful debates with colleagues in media and academia and with members of the commissioning Group of Specialists of the Council of Europe." (Foreword, page 5-6)
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"Progress on Public Service Broadcasting (PSB) is more likely to occur when there is collaboration with others; where there are strategic opportunities; when UNESCO uses project funds to reward progressive policy change; where there are staff in the field who are committed to PSB; when there is foll
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ow-up and follow-through on activities; where UNESCO has a long-term perspective. The case study from Afghanistan (Appendix D) supports the view that collaborative programming has the potential to achieve much more than UNESCO could do alone. Collaboration is essential for large, long-term initiatives since UNESCO has limited funds available within the CI sector’s regular budget for PSB. UNESCO’s collaboration with UNDP in central Asia and its positioning of PSB within the UNDAF appears to have resulted in a positive influence. This is evident in Kyrgyzstan, for example, which developed a progressive broadcasting law that brought the country closer to a PSB model. UNESCO’s recent experiences in Malawi and Afghanistan demonstrate that significant movement towards PSB is possible in countries that are undergoing democratic reform. Post-conflict and failed states in transition can be fertile grounds for PSB but sustainable reforms are difficult to achieve within UNESCO’s planning cycle. UNESCO and its partners need to undertake thorough risk assessments in such countries before investing heavily. Cambodia illustrates one of UNESCO’s successful strategies for influencing change. UNESCO used IPDC funds to lever concessions from the Cambodian government. With IPDC as a carrot, UNESCO was able to persuade the government to introduce a new policy on editorial independence for broadcasters. As noted earlier, UNESCO’s greatest strength is its staff. In regions with knowledgeable and committed staff, it has had the largest volume of projects and made the most progress towards PSB. In contrast, where field officers have had little knowledge or interest in PSB, progress has been marginal." (Lessons, pages 25-26)
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"Die Dissertation behandelt den öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk in Palästina und ein von Deutschland gefördertes Radio-TV-Kooperationsprojekt an der Bir Zeit Universität." (commbox)
"The purpose of this reference publication is to provide meaningful and ready-to-use information to media professionals, decision makers, students, and the general public on the core PSB concepts related to legal, regulatory, financial, and other major issues as recognized by the international profe
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ssional community. Key notions of PSB such as editorial independence, universality, secured funding free of all pressures, distinctiveness, diversity, representativeness, unbiased information, education and enlightenment, social cohesion, citizenship, public accountability, and credibility, are dealt with in the book." (Foreword, page 7)
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"Public broadcasting has a lot of friends in the world today - but they do not always seem to be loving quite the same thing, and certainly not for the same reasons. For some, the term merely refers to radio and television which is not commercial, following the common distinction between public and
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private enterprises. For others it means a service provided to the public - much like public schools or public health facilities. And just as there is general agreement that these will be provided by the state for the benefit of all citizens, the same is taken to apply to broadcasting. Terms like national broadcaster or state broadcaster or public broadcaster are thus used interchangeably, as if they all denoted one and the same thing. For yet another group of friends, public broadcasting is the natural home of all that is great and good and worthy on the airwaves, far removed from the plain offerings of commercialism and entertainment. This Tool Box will dissect some of these myths and misperceptions, so that an informed debate can be held on what exactly public broadcasting is all about, and to assist its real friends in civil society in their advocacy work. It will describe more precisely what makes a public broadcaster the very opposite of a state broadcaster, what it can do and should be doing, and how it will be controlled, financed, organised and run in order to succeed." (Pages 3-4)
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"What follows from the analysis of the surveyed cases is a high level of variety of public television activity on the regional level. This clearly depends on the size and population of different countries, on the central and local administrative organization, on the level of linguistic homogeneity a
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nd from a series of historical, political and cultural factors. For this reason is difficult to talk of variable models of public regional television. In reality, however, there is an important factor of comparison, which allows us to subdivide the surveyed cases in two large categories how we did in the first step report: the statute of regional television centres in terms of independence or organic dependence on the national television companies. In Bosnia, Denmark, Greece, Netherland, Portugal, Russia and Serbia there are public regional television centres independent from national television companies. In Albania, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland and Slovenia there are regional centres, which constitute an organic and integrated part of the national television companies. Where regional public televisions are independent in some cases they broadcast only to the regional population as in Denmark, Portugal, Netherland, Finland, Russia, in other cases they broadcast at national level as in Belgium and Greece. Where regional public televisions are local branch of national companies in some case they produce only for regional transmissions as in Albania and Finland, in other cases they produce also for national public television channels as in Czech Republic and Sweden. In the case of Portugal, regional television centres are independent companies, owned in part by national public television, and they produce programs also for the international public channel to reach the “diaspora” of regional population. A second factor of comparison concerns the relationship between the regional television centres and the regional political, cultural, and social context. In some cases the relationship is important as in Bosnia, Portugal, Belgium, Russia, Serbia in other are not evident as in Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, Finland. A third factor of comparison concern the extension of regional broadcasting activities. In some cases the regional activity is limited to some daily news broadcasted in a window inside the national programs as in Finland and Ireland, in other cases it concern a more or less wide range of programs of various genres as in Netherlands, Denmark, Russia, Portugal. In correspondence to that dimension there are differences of the economic resources at disposal of each regional television." (Introduction, page 2-3)
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"ERNO is in the opinion of all directors and leading editors I talked to for the purpose of this report a very important tool, not only for the exchange of news in the not so far very troubled region of Europe, but is also a very suitable mechanism for starting an even more productive and widespread
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cooperation between public broadcasters in SE Europe. The ERNO news exchange has established itself as an “irretrievable source” of TV news between the countries in South East Europe in a very short time. Currently it produces more than 1000 items annually with the quality of the exchanged items (content and shooting) improved considerably from year to year. Although some differences in quality still exist, the overall quality of the offered news items is in accordance with prevailing EBU standards. Beyond the news exchange, the ERNO mission should be the promotion of co-productions, professionalism in all fields of TV production: journalistic skills, editing, shooting etc. and reinvention of the traditional cooperation between public broadcasters in the region." (Conclusion and recommendations, page 20)
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"This comparative study questions whether the transformation of state television into public service television was successful in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania. It analyzes the context in which public service televisions operate, as well as their professional identity and
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mission in the dual broadcasting markets. The study also evaluates the editorial independence of public service television in the region, and puts forward policy proposals to improve its performance." (Abstract)
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