"El presente artículo analiza la participación de los medios comunitarios y su importancia para la democratización de la comunicación en Ecuador en el marco del Concurso Público de Frecuencias de Radio y Televisión de señal abierta, convocado en 2016. Este concurso cobró importancia en la ag
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enda pública por ser la primera vez que el Estado utiliza un mecanismo público para otorgar concesiones de frecuencias, abriendo a concurso 1 472 frecuencias de radio y televisión, lo que modificará el panorama mediático por 15 años –tiempo que dura cada concesión–. Este concurso, además, tomó relevancia por desarrollarse en medio de un proceso electoral ya de por sí agitado, por la permanencia o no del Gobierno de la Revolución Ciudadana liderado por Rafael Correa, después de 10 años en el poder. En este contexto, este análisis propone otra visión: desde la mirada del sector comunitario, un actor casi ausente en el debate público, a pesar de ser uno de los grupos que mayor implicación tiene en este proceso. Este documento plantea una comprensión del sector comunitario y de los “medios comunitarios” no como una totalidad cerrada, sino como una categorización que debe ser debatida, diferenciando aquellos medios comunitarios de grupos religiosos de aquellos nuevos medios comunitarios de organizaciones sociales, que como se verá, tienen características y demandas diferenciadas." (Página 1)
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"The quest for competitiveness and popularity of a campus radio station needs to be balanced with the epistemological frames of community radio, which include participation, community ownership, and opposition to hegemonic discourse in the mainstream media as well as independence from political and
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market influences. I contribute to these reflections by highlighting how within this frame ATL FM is facing dilemmas and challenges that have not occupied community media theorists so far. Through content analysis and in-depth interviews, I investigate whether a community radio can serve and encourage the participation of the local community when professional rather than community members exclusively manage it. I propose a conscious incorporation of stakeholders in the community radio business model as a possible solution to this dilemma." (Abstract)
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"Forte FM is a community radio station located at University of Fort Hare Alice campus and was established to facilitate development in communities within the Amathole district municipality. Alice, a small rural town under Raymond Mhlaba Municipality, is one of the communities under the coverage of
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Forte FM. This study assessed the role that Forte FM plays in facilitating the development of Alice community. The study adopted a mixed method design in which questionnaires and interviews were used to collect primary data. The study findings show that although Forte FM is faced with serious financial challenges, it contributes to the development of Alice in various ways which includes providing the community with agricultural information, health information, promoting local culture, equipping the community with skills, promote local artists and sports personnel and educational programmes. The findings also revealed that the community is involved in the management of some aspects of the station’s operations through a board which is elected annually by the community itself. The results indicate that the radio station involve some community members in programming as experts on some topics or as people who have experienced an ordeal so they could share their experiences and advice other people how to manage similar situations. However, there is need to involve the community in the whole production process. The respondents’ attributed poor levels of community participation in programming to insufficient funds. The study recommends that Forte FM should lobby members of the community to fund the production of programmes since the station belongs to the community. This will enhance the sense of community ownership towards the radio station." (Abstract)
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"There are currently 280 community broadcasting services (275 community sound and 5 community television services). According to AC Nielsen and All Media and Products Survey (AMPS) data, community broadcasting services collectively take up an audience share of 6.3 million people in South Africa. How
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ever, this has not necessarily translated into advertising revenue, for example Community TV has a 9.5% reach but only yield an advertising spend less than 1%. Likewise, Community radio reaches 25%2 of the population but only receives 2% of the advertising spend. At face value this can be attributed to the profile of the community sector’s audience, that is, this sector does not deliver audiences that are attractive enough to advertisers to derive revenue that is comparable to commercial and public broadcasting services. However, factors contributing to the success of the community broadcasting sector are more complex. The study highlights the fact that the community broadcasting sector’s challenges emanate from a lack of corporate governance, management capacity and revenue diversification strategies. There is also a limited concerted institutional support, capacity building and funding strategies for community broadcasting in South Africa. Currently the Authority ‘s regulation of corporate governance, financial accountability and community participation is limited. Given the time and resources expended on addressing compliance challenges associated with this sector, it may be necessary for the Authority to consider Regulations or guidelines to address these shortcomings." (Executive summary)
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"The Prove It toolkit is a resource for community radio stations to enable them to conduct their own audience research. It provides stations with the information and expertise to both measure their audience listener figures and assess the impact that they are having on their community of listeners."
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(Page 4)
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"Surge el propósito, desde La Esquina Radio [Medellín, Colombia] en aprovechar el interés de las comunidades por la celebración cultural de la novena navideña, y a partir de ese acto, potenciar el encuentro ciudadano y la reflexión ciudadana, sin ningún tinte religioso, realizando una transmi
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sión radial en directo, a través de un relato en forma de radionovena que se convierta en pretexto para provocar la reflexión colectiva en torno a temas coyunturales de interés local y del contexto nacional como: los derechos de las víctimas, la construcción colectiva de paz y reconciliación, así el papel de cada habitante en el devenir de sus territorios. Cada año, desde noviembre en La Esquina Radio, todo el equipo de trabajo se acopla para ajustar la estrategia de la radionovena con las comunidades participantes de las diferentes comunas, grupos con los que se han liderado diferentes procesos durante el año; como el trabajo con los niños y niñas entre 5 y 12 años que participan del programa Historias Golosas, el colectivo infantil de comunicación, la estrategia de recuperación de la memoria por medio del radioteatro con las mujeres adultas mayores en la franja radial El Solar de La Esquina; el trabajo de socialización del acceso a la ley de víctímas con comunidades campesinas e indígenas vívitmas del conflicto armado y las campañas mensuales que pasan por las acciones cotidianas en torno a temas como la paz, las fronteras invisibles y los derechos y deberes ciudadanos." (Página 164-165)
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"Fuelled by a distrust of big media and the development of mobile technologies, the resulting convergence of journalism praxis (professional to alternative), workflows (analogue to multipoint digital) and platforms (PC to mobile), result in a 24-hour always-on content cycle. The information revoluti
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on is a paradigm shift in the way we develop and consume information, in particular the type we call news. While many see this cultural shift as ruinous, Burum sees it as an opportunity to utilize the converging information flow to create a galvanizing and common digital language across spheres of communication: community, education and mainstream media." (Publisher description)
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"Social or not, we contend that there is substantially more room for commercial practices and enterprises in the independent news space than has generally been recognized. A primary goal of this book is to show journalists and entrepreneurs how they may occupy that space through stakeholder-driven m
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edia. First, in Chapters One and Two we will set out key components of business models. From that base we will distinguish stakeholder-driven media (SDM) from mainstream media (MSM), in particular where their value propositions are concerned. We will then explore current variations on these principles in SDM. At the end of the book we will return to this theme, through outlining SDM enterprises that may soon emerge. Our predictive track record is not perfect, but it’s not bad; in 2010 we predicted that media focused on fact-checking would become a growth sector, and in 2016 there are well over 100 of them around the world. Replace: Fact-checking played a key role in the 2016 U.S. election, too. We also believe that stakeholder-driven media are changing the strategies by which “impact” is achieved in journalism; this is the subject of Chapter Three. The landmark research of David L. Protess and his colleagues showed that investigative journalism achieves reforms most often through a sustained effort involving a coalition of social and institutional forces, and rarely from a single “mobilizing” article or series in any media. Put another way, the broader story – how events play out over time – trumps the scoop; the last word beats the first word. That finding directly inspired our own research into how SDM achieve reform, and sensitized us to why MSM may not always be the ideal vehicle for journalism that seeks to change the world: In practice, MSM rarely stick around for the broader story. Likewise, non-profit investigative journalism centers – who, as we noted, typically rely on MSM to publish their stories – rarely follow their blockbuster stories across the years required to achieve reform or relief for victims. This is considered advocacy, not objective or even credible reporting. In contrast, stakeholder-driven media consider advocacy part of their mission. They exist, precisely, to defend the interests of a community of practice or interest, to help carry through its agenda. That may not make them credible to MSM, but it certainly makes them credible to their users. SDM do not go on to the next story and forget the preceding one. They pursue a story so long as it matters to their stakeholders – their community. They are thus capable of achieving results over time that MSM rarely attain. For that reason, serious journalists are well advised to see how they may collaborate with SDM as well as MSM. Because of stakeholder-driven media, the notion that the attention of MSM is required to set reform agendas is no longer as true as it was when sociologist Michael Lipsky famously described how activists use news media to dramatize their demonstrations and embarrass authorities into action.3 We have studied numerous cases in which SDM, not MSM, determined the outcome. We have seen that the MSM have lost a surprising share of their previous agenda-setting influence, and SDM have gained it. We will show you how, and we will show you how you can capture and wield that influence yourself. We hope you will do it for the benefit of your own community, as well as the rest of the world." (Page 9-10)
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"This book investigates the role of citizen journalism in railroading social and political changes in sub-Saharan Africa. Case studies are drawn from research conducted by leading scholars from the fields of media studies, journalism, anthropology and history, who uniquely probe the real impact of t
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echnologies in driving change in Africa." (Publisher description)
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"Llegan ondas de Paz" es una estrategia comunicativa que tiene como objetivos y actividades Ios siguientes objetivos: Generar una cultura de convivencia, participación y reconciliación a través de la capacidad de estar informados sobre los Acuerdos de Paz que se adelantan en el país, por medio d
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e una Estrategia Comunicativa - efectiva de información sobre los avances del proceso de Paz en el departamento del Putumayo, a través de Radio Waira. Objetivo de las actividades: 1. Apoyar a la Organización Zonal Indígena del Putumayo (OZIP) y a Radio Waira en capacitación, producción y difusión comunitaria, sobre los Acuerdos de Paz, con lenguaje y contenido propio de las comunidades indígenas del Putumayo. 2. Promover el liderazgo de la Organización Zonal Indígena del Putumayo (OZIP) y a Radio Waira como un canal de información sobre los Acuerdos de Paz durante las fases de preparación e implementación. 3. Aumentar la participación de las comunidades indígenas del Putumayo durante las fases de preparación e implementación de los Acuerdos de Paz." (Página 9)
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"Welche publizistischen Angebote können gemacht werden, damit das Interesse der Bürger am eigenen Umfeld (wieder) zunimmt? Wie kann die lokale, demokratische Öffentlichkeit gestärkt werden? Diese Fragen werden im vorliegenden Buch untersucht. Im Rahmen des Bundesprogramms „Zusammenhalt durch T
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eilhabe“ wurde das jeweilige Kommunikationsgefüge der Landkreise Ludwigslust (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) und Vogtlandkreis (Sachsen) analysiert. Im Fokus standen acht Orte mit 2.100 bis zu 20.000 Einwohnern. Insgesamt zeigt die Untersuchung, dass Bürgerzeitungen – sowohl durch Nutzung als auch durch redaktionelle Mitarbeit – das örtliche Engagement der Bürger stärken können. Heimatgefühl und Engagement sind miteinander verzahnt, ein Modell zeigt diese wechselseitigen Einflussfaktoren auf." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"O trabalho compila sete teses jurídicas que podem ser usadas para a defesa de rádios comunitárias em processos judiciais, trazendo informações como a argumentação e a legislação que serve de base para a tese, o momento processual que ela deve ser usada e a jurisprudência já existente. O
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objetivo é buscar garantir que princípios constitucionais e penais e os padrões internacionais que dispõem sobre a questão sejam respeitados. Voltado para a comunidade jurídica, o trabalho visa fazer um contraponto ao cenário de hostilidade às rádios comunitárias no Brasil. Segundo levantamento da ARTIGO 19 junto a 657 acórdãos julgados entre 2009 e 2012 pelos Tribunais Regionais Federais das cinco regiões do país, mais da metade (54%) das ações propostas contra rádios comunitárias são de natureza penalPara a ARTIGO 19, o direito administrativo e civil é muito mais adequado para a aplicação de sanções, especialmente ao verificarmos um cenario em que o direito penal vem sendo aplicado de forma desproporcional e desnecessária." (Página web artigo19.org)
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"Partizipative Medienarbeit führt nicht automatisch zu einem demokratieorientierten Programm. In Abhängigkeit von den Rahmenbedingungen ist dieses manchmal nur schwer zu realisieren. Comrnunity Radios sollte daher nicht per se eine demokratiefördemde Wirkung zugesprochen werden. Vielmehr sollte e
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ine realistische Einschätzung in Abhängigkeit von den beeinflussenden Faktoren vorgenommen werden, die sich von Land zu Land und vielleicht auch innerhalb eines Landes unterschiedlich darstellen können. Der Fokus sollte dabei zunächst auf der Arbeit in den Stationen liegen, denn ein demokratieorientiertes Programm erscheint nur glaubhaft, wenn die damit verbundenen Ansprüche auch innerhalb der Stationen bewusst sind und gelebt werden." (Seite 338)
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"We draw on insights from a two-year research project, Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA), and the related applied research pilot, Africa’s Voices, which worked with local radio stations in eight Sub-Saharan African countries. We examine the social and political significance of new op
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portunities for voice, debate and claim-making in the mediated public sphere that interactive broadcast media enables, and how an approach to citizen engagement that values pluralism and inclusivity and is not extractive, might better seize opportunities that interactive broadcast offers. The chapter critically reappraises what kinds of engagement count in communication for development, what kinds of ‘publics’ audiences in interactive shows constitute and how we should understand the power of these ‘audience-publics’." (Abstract)
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"This article examines the role of participation in development through community radio. Ordinary people participate in community radio through programme production, financing, management and the daily operations of the station. This enables them to define the development problems faced by their com
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munities, and to find solutions to those problems – they therefore participate in development through community radio. As such, the term ‘participation’ is presented as an empowering factor for ordinary people and as a potential solution to the many development problems faced by the community. Using Nkhotakota community radio station in Malawi as a case study, the article employs Sherry Arnstein’s ladder of participation to evaluate various forms of participation in the media and in development. The article finds that ordinary people’s participation in the media is low or reduced. The argument is made that while some development goals require the full involvement of the people (e.g., access to media technology, participation in programme production, management and daily operations of the station), others do not require full-blown engagement for development to be realised. Therefore, community radio can encourage development even when members of the community do not participate fully in the activities of the radio through other means such as promoting development initiatives started by non-governmental organisations (NGOs)." (Abstract)
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"Community media can be a key role for building social capital, trust and respect between communities, groups and individuals and function as a dialogue platform for parties to a conflict. Through their locally embedded work, community media are in a privileged position to be able to mediate between
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different groups and operate as mediators and include local communities in their programmes and thereby create a platform for the local population to engage, encounter and exchange. The community media network in the South West region in Cameroon seeks to combine these qualities and account for the local diversities constituting the strengths of the members involved." (Conclusion, page 68)
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"For over five and one-half years, the Civil Society and Media Leadership (CSML) Program, led by IREX in partnership with The Carter Center and Social Impact, contributed to building a more capable, collaborative, and agile civil society and media sector in Liberia. The CSML team provided intensive
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support including training, mentoring, small grants, and equipment to over 60 civil society organizations and 35 media outlets in 15 counties. IREX has distributed over $6 million in grants to civil society organizations to conduct advocacy, reconciliation, civic and voter education, Ebola awareness raising, and contribute to their own organizational development. Community radio stations have received a total of over $400K worth of equipment, including 19 transmitters. The Carter Center trained 3,500 chiefs, women, and youth to advance access to justice and resolve community disputes, and broadened awareness of Freedom of Information to over 15,000 Liberians across the seven original target counties. Beyond these outputs, CSML has contributed to true impact, fostering an improved and enhanced civil society and media sector. These accomplishments are a result of the collaborative effort of IREX and its wealth of partners both international and national who sought, together, to achieve the goal to “sustain peace in Liberia through greater inclusion, giving a voice to, informing and engaging Liberian citizens.” As a result, in part, of the CSML program, IREX’s civil society partners conduct advocacy that is more informed and less confrontational, engage the media as a key stakeholder, and have more productive strategies for engaging local and national government." (Executive summary)
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