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Digital Justice Manifesto: A Call to Own Our Digital Future

Just Net Coalition (2019), 16 pp.

"Key principles: 1. Data subjects must own their data – individually and collectively. 2. Our data requires protection from abuse. 3. We need the tools to control our data. 4. Data commons need appropriate governance frameworks. 5. Data protection, sharing and use require new institutions. 6. Data ... more

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Disconnected: A Human Rights-Based Approach to Network Disruptions

Jan Rydzak

Global Network Initiative (2019), 33 pp.

"The statistical study determines that network interferences are more likely to happen at higher rates of expansion of Internet connectivity until a tipping point, suggesting that efforts to extend Internet access in low- and middle-income countries may lead to less overt restrictions. This threshol ... more

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The Costs of Connection: How Data is Colonizing Human Life and Appropriating it for Capitalism

Nick Couldry, Ulises A. Mejias

Stanford, California: Stanford University Press (2019), xxiii, 323 pp.

"Just about any social need is now met with an opportunity to "connect" through digital means. But this convenience is not free—it is purchased with vast amounts of personal data transferred through shadowy backchannels to corporations using it to generate profit. The Costs of Connection uncovers ... more

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Kept in the Dark: Social and Psychological Impacts of Network Shutdowns in India

Zothan Mawii, Ritu Srivastava, Shivani Lal, Bijo P. Abraham

New Delhi: Digital Empowerment Foundation (DEF) (2018), 70 pp.

"While the State has been justifying network shutdowns as matters of “national interests”, it is interesting to note that the effect has been the total opposite. Interviewees in Kashmir and Darjeeling have stated that their mistrust in the Indian government has grown due to these actions. These ... more

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Mapping Digital Rights and Online Freedom of Expression in East, West and Southern Africa

Media Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI) (2018), 100 pp.

"This report maps the current landscape in respect of digital rights and online freedom of expression in East, West and Southern Africa. It looks at the trends regarding law and policy developments, as well as recent litigation, within these regions. The report focuses on 18 countries – 6 per regi ... more

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Direito à comunicação e internet: O empoderamento digital como garantia deste direito no ambiente online

São Paulo: Intervozes (2018), 12 pp.

"Se, num primeiro momento parecia suficiente a oferta do acesso à Internet, hoje sabe-se que o direito à comunicação não será exercido de maneira plena na rede se esta não se mantiver um ambiente diverso e que respeite direitos fundamentais como a liberdade de expressão e a privacidade dos u ... more

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Marco civil da Internet: Violações ao direito de acesso universal previsto na lei

São Paulo: Intervozes (2018), 53 pp.

"Como recomendações à reversão do atual processo em curso e para o respeito à legislação para a Internet em vigor no Brasil, sobretudo o Marco Civil da Internet, propomos: A inclusão do modelo de regime público para a prestação do serviço de conexão à Internet, especialmente na presta� ... more

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Forbidden Feeds: Government Controls on Social Media in China

PEN America (2018), 90 pp.

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Digital Identity in the ICT Ecosystem: An Overview

Geneva: ITU (2018), vii, 29 pp.

"In our increasingly digital environment, it is of paramount importance that citizens be in possession of a legal and digital identity if they are to access digital government services and participate fully in the digital economy. In 2018, of the 175 countries with a national ID (foundational or leg ... more

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Advocating for Openness: Nine Ways Civil Society Groups Have Mobilized to Defend Internet Freedom

Sarah Oh

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2017)

"Civil society groups from the Global South are leading the charge to advocate for an Internet that remains open, pluralistic, and democratic. The nine case studies highlighted in this report demonstrate various ways groups in different countries have successfully fought for policies and norms that ... more

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Comparative Study on Blocking, Filtering and Take-Down of Illegal Internet Content

Council of Europe (2017), 31 pp.

"The study consists, essentially, of two main parts. The first part represents a compilation of country reports for each of the Council of Europe member states. It presents a more detailed analysis of the laws and practices in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal content on the int ... more

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Evade la censura en internet: Cómo acceder a sitios web bloqueados o invisibles
Key Guidance

Caracas: Espacio Público (2017), 1 p.

"En redes públicas, de trabajo o proveedores en algunos países bloquean determinados sitios web con propósitos asociados a la censura de ideas o información. Los bloqueos procuran restringir el acceso. Los sitios web siguen activos y mantienen la información que pretenden censurar." (Introducci ... more

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Case Study on ICT and Human Rights (Policies of EU)

Rikke Frank Jørgensen, Anja Møller Pedersen, Wolfgang Benedek, Reinmar Nindler

European Commission (2017), x, 95 pp.

"The first part of the study focuses on the EU’s internal policies in the field of online content regulation. Drawing on case-studies of three EU directives – Directive 2000/31/EC on e-commerce, Directive 2011/93/EU on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child porn ... ography and Directive 2004/48/EC on intellectual property rights enforcement – the study seeks to illustrate how dealing with alleged illegal content through blocking, filtering and take-down of content within co- and self-regulatory frameworks shaped around ‘Internet intermediaries’ challenge freedom of expression and information. The directives presuppose, accept or encourage self-regulation and, combined with schemes of limited liability, subject the intermediaries to an increasing pressure to implement public policy in the online domain. However, these practices and their limitations to freedom of expression are rarely framed as human rights issues, nor do they have the required safeguards. Based on analysis of the EU directives, the study explores the weaknesses – seen from a human rights perspective – of the European approach towards tackling illegal content on the Internet. The study provides a number of suggestions to ensure that the EU addresses the human rights implications of co- and self-regulation, including the strengthening of safeguards and guidance for Member States and intermediaries to implement the said EU policy. Also, the study calls for a comprehensive EU freedom of expression and information framework, covering both its internal and external policy. In line with this, the EU should consider the freedom of expression and information implications of current and new policies when reviewing them according to the Digital Single Market Strategy. The second part addresses the external policies of the EU with a focus on the protection and support of Human Rights Defenders using digital means (‘Digital Defenders’). For this purpose, EU policies and instruments of relevance for Digital Defenders are analysed, including the implementation of the Internet Freedom Strategy and the No Disconnect Strategy. The programmes under the European Instrument for Democracy and Human Rights are reviewed with respect to their relevance for human rights activities online, taking into account the recent EU Guidelines on Freedom of Expression Online and Offline. This part of the study also explores the related issues of the safety of journalists (which are often citizen journalists), export control of surveillance technology by the EU Member States and the cooperation with other international organisations active in the field of online rights. Proposals are offered on how to improve the general environment for Digital Defenders and their right to freedom of expression and information, and how to improve the coherence of EU action in this field. The newly created Human Rights Defenders Mechanism can play a pivotal role in this regard, as could updated EU Guidelines on human rights defenders." (Executive summary) more

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Unshackling Expression: A Study on Laws Criminalising Expression Online in Asia

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2017), 141 pp.

"In this special edition of GISWatch, Unshackling Expression, APC brings together analysis on the criminalisation of online expression from six Asian states: Cambodia, India, Malaysia, Myanmar, Pakistan and Thailand. While the report mostly focuses on criminalisation, curbs placed on expression usin ... more

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The Working Group on Internet Governance: 10th Anniversary Reflections

William J. Drake (ed.)

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2016), 257 pp.

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Die Macht der Informationsintermediäre: Erscheinungsformen, Strukturen und Regulierungsoptionen

Wolfgang Schulz, Kevin Dankert

Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2016), 96 pp.

"Zunehmend ist es nämlich nicht mehr die Frage „Was wird verbreitet?“, sondern die Frage „Was wird gefunden und kann verarbeitet werden?“, die über die Vielfalt der von uns wahrgenommenen Inhalte entscheidet. Vordergründig ist die Zahl der zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen ins Unerme ... more

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Safeguarding Human Rights on the Net

Council of Europe (2016), 6 pp.

"Revelations on mass online surveillance and regular reports on abuses of the rights to privacy and free expression clearly show the need to effectively protect human rights on the net. The Council of Europe works with governments, the private sector, civil society and other actors to shape the Inte ... more

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Watchdogs Under Watch: Media in the Age of Cyber Surveillance

Don Podesta

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2015), 20 pp.

"The fundamental problem with cyber surveillance, even for the most well-intentioned governments, is that laws have not evolved with the technology. Governments must enforce the laws that exist and apply them to the modern age. And they should consider that just because technology makes surveillance ... more

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The Deep Web and the Darknet, a Look Inside the Internet's Massive Black Box

Daniel Sui, James Caverlee, Dakota S. Rudesill

Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2015), 17 pp.

"The scale of the Internet’s underworld is immense. The number of non-indexed web sites, known as the Deep Web, is estimated to be 400 to 500 times larger than the surface web of indexed, searchable web sites. And the Deep Web is where the dark side of the Internet flourishes. While there are plen ... more

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Convention on Cybercrime: Protocol on Xenophobia and Racism

Council of Europe (2015), 278 pp.

Evade la censura en internet: Cómo acceder a sitios web bloqueados o invisibles Key Guidance

Evade la censura en internet: Cómo acceder a sitios web bloqueados o invisibles
Key Guidance