"Sinteses de las recomendaciones: Incentivar la creación de tecnologías de evaluación del cumplimiento de la neutralidad de red en las capas lógica y de infraestructuras; Incentivar la creación de piezas procesuales de referencia para la creación de jurisprudencia, usando como base tanto el Ma
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rco Civil de la Internet como las leyes de protección al derecho del consumidor; Presionar para aumentar el poder de los órganos reguladores para imponer sanciones a las operadores de red y proveedores de acceso a la internet en el caso de neutralidad de red, así como incentivar la transparencia en relación a los procedimientos y sanciones pertinentes, especialmente en Brasil, Colombia y México; Incentivar la producción de más estudios con el objetivo de investigar la influencia de algoritmos de las redes sobre la neutralidad de la red; Incentivar la producción de conocimiento sobre transparencia en la gestión del tráfico en las capas de infraestructura; Incentivar la producción de investigaciones sobre los efectos de los planes de tarifa cero sobre la diversidad de contenido a que se tiene acceso." (Página 89)
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"The study consists, essentially, of two main parts. The first part represents a compilation of country reports for each of the Council of Europe member states. It presents a more detailed analysis of the laws and practices in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal content on the int
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ernet in each member state. For ease of reading and comparison, each country report follows a similar structure (see below, questions). The second part contains comparative considerations on the laws and practices in the member states in respect of filtering, blocking and takedown of illegal online content. The purpose is to identify and to attempt to explain possible convergences and divergences between the member states’ approaches to the issues included in the scope of the study." (Introduction, page 6)
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"Civil society groups from the Global South are leading the charge to advocate for an Internet that remains open, pluralistic, and democratic. The nine case studies highlighted in this report demonstrate various ways groups in different countries have successfully fought for policies and norms that
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strengthen Internet freedom and digital rights. These strategies include awareness-raising, nonviolent direct action, regional and international coalition-building, and strategic litigation." (Key findings)
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"Das deutsche Rechtssystem basiert grundsätzlich auf individuellem Rechtsschutz. Nur die bzw. der Einzelne kann also eigene Rechte einklagen. Doch gerade wenn es um strukturelle Rechtsverletzungen geht, wie es zum Beispiel bei digitaler Gewalt meist der Fall ist, wäre eine kollektive Rechtsmobilis
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ierung hilfreich. Betroffene müssten dann nicht allein klagen, sondern können sich zusammenschließen oder mit Unterstützung eines Beistands klagen, oder ein Verband könnte an ihrer Stelle den Rechtsstreit führen. Im Folgenden werden Möglichkeiten kollektiver Rechtsmobilisierung dargestellt. Dafür werden zentrale Begriffe wie Streitgenossenschaft, Prozessstandschaft, Sammel- und Musterklage sowie Verbandsklage kurz erläutert. Eines der wesentlichen Probleme kollektiver Rechtsmobilisierung gegen digitale Gewalt ist, dass es an einschlägigem Recht fehlt, welches überhaupt – individuell oder kollektiv – mobilisiert werden könnte. Daher wird nach einer knappen Einführung in die Problematik zunächst das mobilisierbare (einklagbare) Recht gegen digitale Gewalt bzw. dessen Fehlen dargestellt, bevor auf prozessuale Fragen eingegangen werden kann." (Einleitung)
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"[...] El objetivo de este estudio no es solamente destacar el potencial de las redes comunitarias en términos de expansión de conectividad y sus externalidades positivas en materia social, cultural y económica; sino también destacar los elementos regulatorios que podrían optimizar su desarroll
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o así como mostrar las experiencias regulatorias que han permitido eliminar obstáculos para el pleno funcionamiento de las redes comunitarias en América Latina. Uno de los aspectos de mayor importancia en este estudio, es la utilización de elementos descriptivos durante sus secciones para adoptar una actitud proactiva y ofrecer indicaciones y recomendaciones concretas. Estos elementos buscan clarificar cómo las redes comunitarias podrían ser categorizadas jurídicamente, qué normas debieran considerarse al regular las redes comunitarias y qué políticas debieran adoptarse para promover y fortalecer la expansión de las redes comunitarias en América Latina." (Introducción)
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"To many in the media, Internet governance seems to be an issue far removed from their daily life and work. This misconception can have substantial consequences. The Internet is fast becoming the infrastructure for all communications between media and citizens. If journalists and media freedom activ
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ists do not get involved in the debates about how to govern the net, it will be left to governments and private companies to define the rules for our public arena." (Introduction, page 9)
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"I have found that Saudi Arabia and Jordan rely on counterterrorism and cybercrime regulations to prosecute online activism. Egypt uses a new anti-protest law passed in 2014 and Tunisia, in contrast, relies on old defamation and anti-drug laws that have been used for decades prior to the revolution.
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In all four countries, the prosecution and imprisonment of Internet users for expressing themselves effectively chills critical speech and cripples civil discourse–all the while neglecting to create any long-term and comprehensive solution to the threat of terrorist movements." (Executive summary)
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"Given the distributed and open nature of the Internet, it is reasonable to assume that a distributed and open approach to governance may prove most effective. The multistakeholder efforts examined in this paper have sought to respond to this reality by creating institutions and processes that aim t
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o be more inclusive, participatory and transparent. However, one of the main challenges they have confronted is a lack of systematic analysis or evidence regarding what works, and what doesn’t. Despite over two decades of efforts to develop a new model of governance—despite all the models that have been tried, with varying degrees of success—the field of Internet Governance lacks an evidentiary basis upon which it could continue to innovate." (Conclusion)
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"This series aims to help human rights defenders develop the tools, skills and knowledge they need to engage effectively in cyber policy debates. The series is structured around five modules. The first four each focus on a different aspect of cyber policy - human rights, cybersecurity, regulatory fr
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ameworks and cyber capacity building - with a final regional module highlighting how these apply in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Each module consists of several videos, which take participants through a key cyber issue or concept - explaining how it relates to human rights, who the key actors are, and how and where to engage." (Introduction)
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"IT Governance requires public and corporate cybersecurity policies to improve fighting against cybercrime and other violations. The EU, the USA and Brazil have recently developed different regulatory approaches on the subject. Assessing how to design policies in line with them across geographies se
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ems key for effectively managing relevant global issues. After a brief introduction, the article touches on three sample topics: online privacy, open-source platforms, and latest-generation cyber-threats to illustrate how EU, US and Brazil have taken different paths. Each sample topic is analysed in detail and followed by a conclusion indicating how possibly regional or national particularities may be pragmatically reconciled by public and corporate interested parties." (Abstract)
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"This mapping study investigates the ways in which the Kenyan government and other actors have initiated or engaged in multistakeholder processes in order to address cybersecurity-related matters in the country. Based on this, it will identify best practices, gaps and missing links, as well as oppor
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tunities and recommendations for improving the cyber policy landscape in the country. The assessment of Kenya’s cybersecurity landscape in this report will identify actors within the government and civil society, as well as existing laws and frameworks, and address the proposed ones, based on the information that is currently available. Unless otherwise stated, all institutions and legislative documents listed here are existent and/or functional." (Page 7)
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"The 45 country reports gathered here illustrate the link between the internet and economic, social and cultural rights (ESCRs). Some of the topics will be familiar to information and communications technology for development (ICT4D) activists: the right to health, education and culture; the socioec
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onomic empowerment of women using the internet; the inclusion of rural and indigenous communities in the information society; and the use of ICT to combat the marginalisation of local languages. Others deal with relatively new areas of exploration, such as using 3D printing technology to preserve cultural heritage, creating participatory community networks to capture an “inventory of things” that enables socioeconomic rights, crowdfunding rights, or the negative impact of algorithms on calculating social benefits. Workers’ rights receive some attention, as does the use of the internet during natural disasters. Ten thematic reports frame the country reports. These deal both with overarching concerns when it comes to ESCRs and the internet – such as institutional frameworks and policy considerations – as well as more specific issues that impact on our rights: the legal justification for online education resources, the plight of migrant domestic workers, the use of digital databases to protect traditional knowledge from biopiracy, digital archiving, and the impact of multilateral trade deals on the international human rights framework. The reports highlight the institutional and country-level possibilities and challenges that civil society faces in using the internet to enable ESCRs. They also suggest that in a number of instances, individuals, groups and communities are using the internet to enact their socioeconomic and cultural rights in the face of disinterest, inaction or censure by the state." (Back cover)
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"The African Declaration on Internet Rights and Freedoms was drafted by African civil society organisations to guide the creation of a positive, rights-based and democratically governed Internet policy environment in Africa. The initiative is part of a rich heritage of freedom of expression advocacy
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by civil society in Africa and also builds on the continent’s innovative and inclusive approach towards the development of human rights instruments, first pioneered by the drafters of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights and the Declaration of Principles on Freedom of Expression in Africa. This brief aims to provide an overview of how the Declaration can spur the development of rights-based Internet policy regimes in the region. It is designed primarily for use by African civil society advocates and digital rights defenders who are seeking to engage with the wider Internet policy stakeholder community within their own countries and regions." (Pages 4-5)
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"Some key findings from the report include: Iran's primary objective has been to challenge existing internet governance structures, most notably the United States' privileged position vis-à-vis the IANA and ICANN; it is too simplistic to say that Iran allies only with authoritarian countries on int
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ernet governance issues-it also partners with democratic nations from the Global South; public discourse around internet governance issues in Iran remains generally underdeveloped, and the quantity and quality of media coverage is lacking; nternet governance is essentially a government-monopolized initiative in Iran, with civil society generally excluded from decision-making processes. However, recent events have suggested that the government may be willing to engage with domestic multistakeholder processes at some level." (Email CGCS, 18.1.205)
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"Almost half (49%) of all Russians believe that information on the Internet needs to be censored; a plurality (42%) of Russians believe foreign countries are using the Internet against Russia and its interests. About one-quarter of Russians think the Internet threatens political stability (24%); abo
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ut four out of five Russians (81%) stated a negative feeling toward calls to protest against the government and change political leadership; the Russian government and the Russian security service were virtually tied in the percentage of Russians (42% and 41% respectively) that cited these organizations as trusted regulators of the Internet; 51% of Russian believe the primary motivation of government legislation creating a blacklist of websites is the maintenance of political stability versus 13% who believe the primarily motivation was limiting democratic freedoms." (Website CGCS)
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