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"Independent media outlets in the Western Balkans are facing major challenges to their financial sustainability. With the exception of some of the largest broadcasters with national coverage and the most visited online media, the majority of media outlets across the region are not sustainable busine
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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.
"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t
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Sustainability Goals in the Field of Media Development: The Case of Fondation Hirondelle
Jönköping University, School of Education and Communication (2020), 15 pp.
"The aim of this study is to analyse one of the leading development aid projects in the field of the media, Lausanne-based Fondation Hirondelle (FH), from a communication perspective: It will first be conceptualized in a broader socio-cultural and political sense, in relation to the paradigm of sust
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Namibia’s Media: Facing the Digital Challenge
Windhoek: Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR); Namibia Media Trust; Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (HSS) (2019), 38 pp.
"Overall, it seems that few local media houses have really dedicated significant resources, time and capacity to exploring how best to both utilise and integrate online digital media and mitigate the threat of digitalisation. With regards to newspapers, NMH has probably been most active in seeking t
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Vivir o sobrevivir? Sostenibilidad de las alternativas mediáticas en Uruguay
Montevideo: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2019), 67 pp.
"Presentamos aquí datos básicos de los 13 casos analizados, principalmente desde la perspectiva de sus responsables. La Diaria, fundado en 2006, es un periódico impreso [...] Portal 180 es un portal web informativo que opera con una lógica empresarial basada en la venta de espacios publicitarios
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Viability of Alternative Online News Media Organizations in Developing and Transformation Countries
Baden-Baden: Nomos; Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 209 pp.
"The main aim of the present study is to assess the status quo and the influencing factors of media viability in developing countries and economies in transition. Accordingly, three general research questions have been formulated: 1. Which factors determine the viability of alternative online news m
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After the Scoop: How Investigative Journalism Affects Media. Case Studies from Around the World
Deep Insights
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 68 pp.
"This publication has featured a great variety of investigative media, each of them with their unique history, spirit and organizational culture. And yet they have a lot in common: constantly being on their feet, exploring and trying out new ways to ensure their media stays viable; adhering to quali
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Fighting for Survival: Media Startups in the Global South
Deep Insights
New York: Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) (2019), 180 pp.
"Three years after writing the report Publishing for Peanuts, in which we surveyed 35 media startups mostly from the Global South, we decided to go back and see how the outlets had fared. Our area of interest in 2015 was small-to-medium size independent media outlets with a track record of consisten
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Ethiopia: Reflections on Media Reform
Kalmar: Fojo Media Institute (2019), 60 pp.
More Than Money: Rethinking Media Viability in the Digital Age
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2019), 11 pp.
"Media viability challenges will not be solved at the individual outlet level. Rather, it is necessary to bring different stakeholders together to look at the bigger picture and assess the health of a country or a region’s media ecosystem. Then, partners can strategically plan projects that contri
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What if Scale Breaks Community? Rebooting Audience Engagement when Journalism is Under Fire
Deep Insights
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2019), 51 pp.
"This report focuses on how digital-born news media navigate audience engagement in the context of both rapid developments in a digital, mobile, and platform-dominated media environment and significant political pressure, including the ‘weaponisation’ of social media to target and harass indepen
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Strengthening the Financial Independence of Independent Media Organisations
Burmingham: University of Birmingham (2018), 17 pp.
"Sustainability is a serious threat to independent media in the developing world. Consumers of independent media in developing countries are generally reluctant to pay for access. The main findings with regard to business models for independent media models are: The sales model of revenue generation
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An Unfavorable Business: Running Local Media in Myanmar's Ethnic States and Regions
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2018), 66 pp.
"Myanmar’s local media outlets face a variety of internal and external obstacles hampering their prospects for sustainability. Key among these today, and the focus of this report, are the business realities that every media outlet must tackle." (Introduction)
Paying the Piper: The Sustainability of the News Industry and Journalism in South Africa in a Time of Digital Transformation and Political Uncertainty
Rhodes University, School of Journalism and Media Studies (2018), 108 pp.
"This report explores the recent trajectory of South African news with a specific focus on the economic sustainability of news media. Digital news consumption on mobile phone, and especially via Social Media on Smart Phones (SMSP) is fracturing audiences and reducing traditional sources of revenue.
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Media Policy for Small Emerging Democracies: Distinctiveness, Vulnerabilities, and Development
Deep Insights
"Media in small emerging democracies face multiple obstacles caused by “smallness” and the state of “late democratization.” “Smallness” raises the question of how to develop financial independence in these countries. “Late democratization” gives rise to the challenge of maintaining p
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Newsmaking Cultures in Africa: Normative Trends in the Dynamics of Socio-Political and Economic Struggles
Deep Insights
London: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), xxv, 396 pp.
"The volume digs beneath the standardised and universalised veneer of professionalism to unpack routine practices and normative trends shaped by local factors, including the structural conditions of deprivation, entrenched political instability (and interference), pervasive neo-patrimonial governanc
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Mapping the World's Digital Media Ecosystem: The Quest for Sustainability
In: What is Sustainable Journalism? Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism
New York et al.: Peter Lang (2018), pp. 257-276
"Over the past years, a range of different databases have been constructed, and research efforts have been made to find the key to making digital news ventures successful. Many of them have searched for best practices, or a secret recipe for a business model that would make the news business economi
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Managing for Sustainable Journalism Under Authoritarianism: Innovative Business Models Aimed at Good Practice
In: What is Sustainable Journalism? Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism
New York et al.: Peter Lang (2018), pp. 295-313
"Entrepreneurship and innovation are currently high on the media industry agenda, but focus has so far been mostly on the economic sustainability of new ventures. Considering the repressive political climate in Egypt, Naomi Sakr explores the tension between economic growth and the ethical, democrati
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What is Sustainable Journalism? Integrating the Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges of Journalism
Deep Insights
New York et al.: Peter Lang (2018), xxxiii, 374 pp.
"This edited volume, which elaborates on the idea and concept of sustainable journalism, is the result of a perceived lack of integral research approaches to journalism and sustainable development. Thirty years ago, in 1987, the Brundtland Report pointed out economic growth, social equality and envi
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"The authors present regional trends from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Eastern Europe in light of global developments in investigative reporting, taking into consideration different muckraking cultures, and share examples of successful strategies of investigative media outlets. They suggest
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