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Slowing Transmission: Language Challenges in Community Radio Relay of COVID-19 Risk Communication in Afghanistan

Translators Without Borders (2021), 16 pp.

"In 2020 Internews launched the Rooted in Trust project to counter rumors and misinformation about COVID-19. They commissioned Translators without Borders (TWB) to map community radio stations and investigate the language and translation challenges community radio broadcasters face when relaying off ... icial COVID-19 risk communication to their audience. To better understand these challenges, TWB conducted a survey and interviews with 65 community radio broadcasters, representing a quarter of all community radio stations across Afghanistan. Based on our survey, we mapped community radio stations and the reach of each radio signal to estimate overall radio coverage across the country. Where possible, we triangulated our findings with data from Internews’ Information Ecosystem Assessment in Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat. Community radio stations remain an important source of information, especially for rural populations, less literate individuals, and in remote provinces. During public health emergencies, broadcasters can turn into health communicators and support the relay of risk communication, but they face several challenges. • Radio signals don’t cover all provinces: Based on the radio signals we were able to map, radio coverage doesn’t reach people equally across the country. Speakers of marginalized languages have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. Relative to population density, speakers of Turkmeni, Brahui, Balochi, and Uzbeki have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. • Few broadcasts are in languages other than Dari and Pashto: Dari and Pashto are the main broadcasting languages, but not everyone understands them. Broadcasts in other languages are largely limited to adverts, short audio clips, and sporadic language mixing in talk shows and call-in shows. Dedicated programs providing in-depth information in another language are rare. • Language barriers reduce the quality and timeliness of broadcasts: Community radio stations lack resources and translation capacity to broadcast in languages other than Dari or Pashto. As a result, some important information is delayed, and some is never broadcast at all. The quality and level of detail of broadcasts in other languages is also reduced. • Broadcasters face difficulties accessing available information: Most community radio stations have limited access to the internet and experience electricity failures. This makes accessing and validating available information on COVID 19 extremely difficult. Also, background information is often passed to broadcasters in English, but with limited internet access this information can’t readily be translated. • Information needs to be provided in plain language: Broadcasters don’t relay information that uses complicated language or technical and medical terms. New terms and complex new information around medical issues need to be rewritten and presented in plain language for a general audience. Yet community radio stations often can’t provide plain-language editing, so don’t relay more complex information." (Overview, page 1) more

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Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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Ecuadorian Journalists Mental Health Influence on Changing Job Desire: A Cross Sectional Study

Byron Fernando Bustamante-Granda, Claudia Rodríguez-Hidalgo, María Aranzazu Cisneros-Vidal, Diana Rivera-Rogel, Claudia Torres-Montesinos

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 18, issue 10139 (2021), 13 pp.

"Journalist's mental health could predict their job change. This study aims at determining the prevalence of mental health issues and their association with perception of aptitude for covering emergencies and difficulty in seeing a corpse, and also to determine the mental health factors associated w ... more

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Memo: Multidimensional Remembrance Monitor. Study IV

Michael Papendick, Jonas Rees, Maren Scholz, Andreas Zick

Berlin: Foundation Remembrance Responsibility Future (EVZ) (2021), 44 pp.

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Engagement Survey & Network Analysis

Adam J. Saffer

Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2021), 19 pp.

"Going more specific into members’ engagement with GFMD, the survey found that the top three reasons organisations participate in GFMD were for information and knowledge exchange (n = 10), policy and decision making support (n = 8), and to build networks (n = 7). Members also indicated that the re ... more

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Risk, Victimization and Coping Strategies of Journalists in Mexico and Brazil

Laura Iesue, Sallie Hughes, Sonia Virginia Moreira, Monica Sousa,

Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo, volume 10, issue 1 (2021), pp. 62-81

"There is a growing recognition that journalists are exposed to dangerous or hazardous working conditions in many places worldwide. These conditions are suggested to be linked to greater macro-related structural risks, including changes to the political economy of news that increase labor precarity, ... more

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Live from my Living Room: Perceived Organizational Support Among TV News Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rebecca Coates Nee, Lourdes M. Cueva Chacón

Electronic News, volume 15, issue 3–4 (2021), pp. 75–94

"As members of the media, TV news workers were considered essential employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many employees went into the field to cover stories related to the pandemic, which included anti-mask and lock-down protests. This mixed-methods study explored the extent to which TV news work ... more

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Sexism's Toll on Journalism

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2021), 36 pp.

"Journalism can be a dangerous profession, but it is often doubly dangerous for women because of the risk of sexist and sexual violence to which they are exposed. Of the 112 countries where journalists were polled for this report, 40 were identified as dangerous or very dangerous for women journalis ... more

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An investigation into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists

Md. Aminul Islam, Sarkar Barbaq Quarmal, Apon Das

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 167-193

"Mental health in workplaces is a global concern today, and Bangladesh is not an exception to that. It is a big concern in journalism as good journalism depends on healthy journalists and news organizations. Most of the scholarships on the topic have been done from the perspective of western and dev ... more

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Spring 2020 Partnership Survey: Findings & Analysis

Internews (2021), 24 pp.

"The Internews Partnership Survey was distributed to all organizations that have received funding through Internews between January 2019 and March 2020. Our goal is to better understand their experience working with Internews and how we can best serve their needs and strengthen these relationships. ... more

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The lesser evil? Public opinion towards regulating fake news in three Asian countries

John W. Cheng, Hitoshi Mitomo, Youngkyoung Seo, Artima Kamplean

Paper presented at ITS Online Event, 14-17 June 2020, International Telecommunications Society (ITS) (2020), 15 pp.

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Media Accountability and Journalists: To Whom Do Spanish Professionals Feel Responsible?

María-Ángeles Chaparro-Domínguez, Juan-Carlos Suárez-Villegas, Ruth Rodríguez-Martínez

Journalism Practice, volume 14, issue 7 (2020), pp. 812-829

"This paper analyses to whom Spanish journalists feel responsible. To achieve this objective, we sent out a survey to Spanish journalists to ascertain their opinion on this question. The journalists’ point of view was then compared with that of the general public though six focus groups consisting ... more

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Post-Trauma Psychopathology in Journalists: The Influence of Institutional Betrayal and World Assumptions

Zena Dadouch, Michelle M. Lilly

Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 7 (2020), pp. 955-973

"Journalists are often exposed to potentially traumatic content through their profession. High levels of exposure have been found to predict high levels of psychopathology among journalists, including posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, and depressive symptoms. Predictors of such outcomes have not be ... more

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Jugend 2019: Eine Generation meldet sich zu Wort

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2020), 383 pp.

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Myanmar Media's Response to COVID-19

Thal Nyein Thu, Jane Madlyn McElhone, Tessa Piper (eds.)

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2020), 41 pp.

"In June 2020, MDIF conducted a survey of 36 Myanmar media outlets to gather information about the impact of COVID-19 on their businesses between March and May. They represent a mix of national media, as well as local media from the ethnic states and regions. Their operations are of various sizes: t ... hree media have 70-150 staff, 7 have 20-69, and 26 have 1-19. All the media surveyed felt the impact of COVID-19 almost immediately. Not surprisingly, as this has generally been the experience of media worldwide, commercial revenue decline was often dramatic: half of the survey respondents reported more than a 75% drop in income. Thirty-two of the 36 respondents had advertising revenue prior to the start of the pandemic, and all of them reported that it was negatively affected. All 19 media with print products were obliged to either reduce or even halt production. In response to collapsing revenues, 31 of the 36 survey respondents instituted spending cuts between March and May including, in some cases, cutting salaries and staff. Even as they reeled from the economic impact, Myanmar media also had to adapt their working environments. All the media surveyed quickly instituted work from home practices or else established social distancing in their offices and provided protective equipment for their staff. At the same time, more than half of the media reported having to contend with safety and security challenges. These came in the form of restrictions on movement, websites being blocked, on and offline surveillance, staff harassment and arrests. In common with media in other countries, one bright spot in this bleak picture has been audience growth. MDIF’s survey found that almost all media saw both their digital audiences, and audience engagement, increase. This had a positive knock-on effect for the media, with 30 respondents reporting that during this period they were able to strengthen their digital skills and knowledge due to the increased focus on their online content. The good news that 21 of the 31 respondents that sought emergency funding during the survey period obtained it, is tempered by the reality that the impact of COVID-19 has been deep and will be long lasting. The future for media in Myanmar is precarious." (Introduction) more

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Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Top Insights

Julie Posetti, Nemine Aboulez, Kalina Bontcheva, Jackie Harrison, Silvio Waisbord

Paris: UNESCO (2020), 17 pp.

"This report presents a snapshot of the first substantial findings from a global survey about online violence against women journalists conducted by UNESCO and the International Center for Journalists (ICFJ) in late 2020. Over 900 validated participants from 125 countries completed the survey in Ara ... more

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Comunicación en tiempos del COVID-19

Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (IPDRS);Acción Cultural Loyola (ACLO) (2020), 15 pp.

"En el caso de la población rural, prácticamente 70 % percibe que no tiene suficiente información, en el caso de la población urbana este porcentaje es menor a 50 %. Confrontando esta información con los medios y la disponibilidad, la explicación más razonable es que no se trata necesariament ... more

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Bolivia, COVID-19: Cómo pasamos la pandemia y qué nos depara el futuro

Instituto para el Desarrollo Rural de Sudamérica (IPDRS);Acción Cultural Loyola (ACLO) (2020), 42 pp.

"En el área rural, se ratifica la predominancia de la radio sobre los otros medios (59% escucha siempre o casi siempre), seguido muy de cerca de la televisión (56% mira televisión) y luego los medios digitales, el Facebook (41% se conecta) es más reconocido como un medio de información que el W ... hatsApp (36% utiliza la aplicación). En el área urbana predomina de lejos la televisión (70% siempre o casi siempre), seguida por el Facebook (60%), el WhatsApp (47%) y la Radio (33%). Un dato importante, es que los que no utilizan nunca los medios digitales en el área rural están aproximadamente entre el 33%; la radio y televisión, alrededor del 17%. En el área urbana quienes no utilizan la radio son un 20%, y la televisión, un 5%, y el promedio entre los que no utilizan Facebook ni WhatsApp es de 13% [...] Los medios por los que se informa del COVID-19, son más diversos y con características muy particulares por sector y por región. En general, la tendencia de los medios de comunicación es similar a los medios que se utilizan normalmente, aunque aquí hay una mayor predominancia de la televisión (26%), seguida por la radio (21%) y luego el Facebook (19%). Sin embargo, existen otros agentes que sumados hacen un 24%, esos son amigos / vecinos / familiares (7%), otros varios, entre ellos políticos: ONG (7%), dirigentes de organizaciones sociales (6%) y finalmente promotores de salud (4%). En algunos departamentos, estos otros medios, llegan o pasan del 20%, como es el caso de Cochabamba, Pando, Chuquisaca y el Beni. Aquí se ve más nítidamente la importancia de la radio y televisión, es creciente de acuerdo a los grupos de edad, los mayores la utilizan con mayor preferencia que los medios virtuales. Este grupo también se informa del COVID-19 en un significativo 30% por esos otros medios que se indicaron como son los amigos / vecinos / familiares, dirigentes de organizaciones sociales y finalmente promotores de salud [...] En general, la televisión es considerada el medio más confiabilidad (28%), la radio se mantiene cercana (24%), en cambio bajan los medios digitales como Facebook (15%), y WhatsApp (8%) se disputa la confiabilidad con los amigos / vecinos / familiares (7%), promotores de salud (7%), dirigentes de organizaciones sociales (6%) y finalmente las ONG (5%). Bajo ese criterio los políticos no lograron ni un punto porcentual. Existen nuevamente diferencias entre el área rural y urbana; en el área rural la confiabilidad se la lleva la radio con un 29% contra un 17% en el área urbana. En cambio, en el área urbana la televisión recibió un puntaje de confiabilidad del 33% de la población contra un 24% a la radio. El Facebook recibió una calificación de 20% en el área urbana y de 11% en el área rural." (Página 6-7) more

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Few Winners, Many Losers: The COVID-19 Pandemic’s Dramatic and Unequal Impact on Independent News Media

Rasmus Kleis Nielsen, Federica Cherubini, Simge Andi

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2020), 31 pp.

"This report presents findings from an analysis of 165 responses to a survey of a strategic sample of known and identified independent news media organisations on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted them, combined with interviews with a critical sample of seven independent news media operating in ... more

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Vertrauen in Journalismus unter Online-Bedingungen: Zum Einfluss von Personenmerkmalen, Qualitätswahrnehmungen und Nachrichtennutzung

Fabian Prochazka

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2020), xvi, 340 pp.

"In Teilen der Bevölkerung erodiert das Vertrauen in journalistische Medien. Gleichzeitig verliert der Journalismus seine Rolle als Gatekeeper und tritt in Konkurrenz zu anderen Informationsanbietern im Internet. Fabian Prochazka untersucht theoretisch und empirisch, wie diese beiden Phänomene zus ... more

Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts Top Insights

Online Violence Against Women Journalists: A Global Snapshot of Incidence and Impacts
Top Insights