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Media Environment Before and After 2021 Elections: Threats and Supportive Instruments

Mariam Gersamia, Maia Toradze

Tbilisi: Media and Communication Educational and Research Center (MCERC) (2021), 65 pp.

"The study revealed the macro and micro media threats that come to light in the digital and physical media environments prior to and following elections. The media environment observed during the 2021 self-government elections was representative of the reality seen through the eyes of media workers, ... more

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Ecuadorian Journalists Mental Health Influence on Changing Job Desire: A Cross Sectional Study

Byron Fernando Bustamante-Granda, Claudia Rodríguez-Hidalgo, María Aranzazu Cisneros-Vidal, Diana Rivera-Rogel, Claudia Torres-Montesinos

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, volume 18, issue 10139 (2021), 13 pp.

"Journalist's mental health could predict their job change. This study aims at determining the prevalence of mental health issues and their association with perception of aptitude for covering emergencies and difficulty in seeing a corpse, and also to determine the mental health factors associated w ... more

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Memo: Multidimensional Remembrance Monitor. Study IV

Michael Papendick, Jonas Rees, Maren Scholz, Andreas Zick

Berlin: Foundation Remembrance Responsibility Future (EVZ) (2021), 44 pp.

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Entrepreneurial News Sites as Worthy Causes? Exploring Readers’ Motivations Behind Donating to Latin American Journalism

Summer Harlow

Digital Journalism, volume 9, issue 3 (2021), pp. 364-383

"This study uses surveys with readers of entrepreneurial news startups in seven Latin American countries to examine their motivations for donating to journalism. Using the donor–organization relationship from public relations scholarship as a framework, this study showed content, independent/objec ... more

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Engagement Survey & Network Analysis

Adam J. Saffer

Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2021), 19 pp.

"Going more specific into members’ engagement with GFMD, the survey found that the top three reasons organisations participate in GFMD were for information and knowledge exchange (n = 10), policy and decision making support (n = 8), and to build networks (n = 7). Members also indicated that the re ... more

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Risk, Victimization and Coping Strategies of Journalists in Mexico and Brazil

Laura Iesue, Sallie Hughes, Sonia Virginia Moreira, Monica Sousa,

Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo, volume 10, issue 1 (2021), pp. 62-81

"There is a growing recognition that journalists are exposed to dangerous or hazardous working conditions in many places worldwide. These conditions are suggested to be linked to greater macro-related structural risks, including changes to the political economy of news that increase labor precarity, ... more

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Live from my Living Room: Perceived Organizational Support Among TV News Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rebecca Coates Nee, Lourdes M. Cueva Chacón

Electronic News, volume 15, issue 3–4 (2021), pp. 75–94

"As members of the media, TV news workers were considered essential employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many employees went into the field to cover stories related to the pandemic, which included anti-mask and lock-down protests. This mixed-methods study explored the extent to which TV news work ... more

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OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward

Paris: OECD (2021), 240 pp.

"The first OECD Report on Public Communication: The Global Context and the Way Forward examines the public communication structures, mandates and practices of centres of governments and ministries of health from 46 countries, based on the 2020 Understanding Public Communication surveys. It analyses ... more

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Sexism and Gender Discrimination in Pakistan's Mainstream News Media

Erum Hafeez, Luavut Zahid

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 60-89

"This research aims to examine how sexism and gender discrimination impacts women journalists in Pakistan. The International Federation of Journalists (2018-19) ranks Pakistan as the fourth most dangerous country for journalists. The Coalition for Women in Journalism declares Pakistan as the sixth-w ... more

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An investigation into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists

Md. Aminul Islam, Sarkar Barbaq Quarmal, Apon Das

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 167-193

"Mental health in workplaces is a global concern today, and Bangladesh is not an exception to that. It is a big concern in journalism as good journalism depends on healthy journalists and news organizations. Most of the scholarships on the topic have been done from the perspective of western and dev ... more

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Sexual Harassment in the Media: Africa Report

Cherilyn Ireton (ed.)

Paris: World Association of News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) (2021), 51 pp.

"Almost half of women respondents had been sexually harassed at work (47%). Women were twice as likely to experience sexual harassment at work than men. For one in two women, the harassment was verbal (56%), and for one in three, it was physical (38%). Only 30% of cases of sexual harassment were eve ... more

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The State of Nonprofit News: Rising to New Challenges and Public Needs in a Crisis Year

Institute for Nonprofit News (2021), 16 pp.

"The INN Index is the most comprehensive study of the state of nonprofit news. Since 2018, the Institute for Nonprofit News has conducted this annual Index survey of its nonprofit news organization members to evaluate the staffing, business models, financials, and editorial focus of newsrooms in the ... more

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Bulgarian Journalists Under Pressure: Threats, Violence, and Freedom of Speech

Ivaylo Yoshkov

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil, Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman, Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 212-231

"Bulgarian journalists are under pressure. Although the country has been a member of the EU for 13 years and the legislation on freedom of speech corresponds to Western practices, the country ranks 111th in the annual Freedom of Speech Index. While the cases of work-related physical violence against ... more

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Slowing Transmission: Language Challenges in Community Radio Relay of COVID-19 Risk Communication in Afghanistan

Translators Without Borders (2021), 16 pp.

"In 2020 Internews launched the Rooted in Trust project to counter rumors and misinformation about COVID-19. They commissioned Translators without Borders (TWB) to map community radio stations and investigate the language and translation challenges community radio broadcasters face when relaying off ... icial COVID-19 risk communication to their audience. To better understand these challenges, TWB conducted a survey and interviews with 65 community radio broadcasters, representing a quarter of all community radio stations across Afghanistan. Based on our survey, we mapped community radio stations and the reach of each radio signal to estimate overall radio coverage across the country. Where possible, we triangulated our findings with data from Internews’ Information Ecosystem Assessment in Kabul, Kandahar, and Herat. Community radio stations remain an important source of information, especially for rural populations, less literate individuals, and in remote provinces. During public health emergencies, broadcasters can turn into health communicators and support the relay of risk communication, but they face several challenges. • Radio signals don’t cover all provinces: Based on the radio signals we were able to map, radio coverage doesn’t reach people equally across the country. Speakers of marginalized languages have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. Relative to population density, speakers of Turkmeni, Brahui, Balochi, and Uzbeki have especially limited access to radio broadcasts. • Few broadcasts are in languages other than Dari and Pashto: Dari and Pashto are the main broadcasting languages, but not everyone understands them. Broadcasts in other languages are largely limited to adverts, short audio clips, and sporadic language mixing in talk shows and call-in shows. Dedicated programs providing in-depth information in another language are rare. • Language barriers reduce the quality and timeliness of broadcasts: Community radio stations lack resources and translation capacity to broadcast in languages other than Dari or Pashto. As a result, some important information is delayed, and some is never broadcast at all. The quality and level of detail of broadcasts in other languages is also reduced. • Broadcasters face difficulties accessing available information: Most community radio stations have limited access to the internet and experience electricity failures. This makes accessing and validating available information on COVID 19 extremely difficult. Also, background information is often passed to broadcasters in English, but with limited internet access this information can’t readily be translated. • Information needs to be provided in plain language: Broadcasters don’t relay information that uses complicated language or technical and medical terms. New terms and complex new information around medical issues need to be rewritten and presented in plain language for a general audience. Yet community radio stations often can’t provide plain-language editing, so don’t relay more complex information." (Overview, page 1) more

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Sexism's Toll on Journalism

Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2021), 36 pp.

"Journalism can be a dangerous profession, but it is often doubly dangerous for women because of the risk of sexist and sexual violence to which they are exposed. Of the 112 countries where journalists were polled for this report, 40 were identified as dangerous or very dangerous for women journalis ... more

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Security should be there by default: Investigating how journalists perceive and respond to risks from the Internet of Things

Anjuli R. K. Shere, Jason R. C. Nurse, Ivan Flechais

In: 2020 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&PW)

IEEE (2020), pp. 240-249

"Journalists have long been the targets of both physical and cyber-attacks from well-resourced adversaries. Internet of Things (IoT) devices are arguably a new avenue of threat towards journalists through both targeted and generalised cyber-physical exploitation. This study comprises three parts: Fi ... more

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The lesser evil? Public opinion towards regulating fake news in three Asian countries

John W. Cheng, Hitoshi Mitomo, Youngkyoung Seo, Artima Kamplean

Paper presented at ITS Online Event, 14-17 June 2020, International Telecommunications Society (ITS) (2020), 15 pp.

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Professional Autonomy and Structural Influences: Exploring How Homicides, Perceived Insecurity, Aggressions Against Journalists, and Inequalities Affect Perceived Journalistic Autonomy in Colombia

Miguel Garces Prettel, Jesús Arroyave Cabrera, Adolfo Baltar Moreno

International Journal of Communication, volume 14 (2020), pp. 3054-3075

"Journalistic autonomy has been studied more frequently in countries with secure democracies in terms of journalists’ perceptions of freedom and independence to work in the midst of the controls, pressures, and influences perceived in the newsrooms. Based on objective variables and on a national s ... more

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Post-Trauma Psychopathology in Journalists: The Influence of Institutional Betrayal and World Assumptions

Zena Dadouch, Michelle M. Lilly

Journalism Practice, volume 15, issue 7 (2020), pp. 955-973

"Journalists are often exposed to potentially traumatic content through their profession. High levels of exposure have been found to predict high levels of psychopathology among journalists, including posttraumatic stress, alcohol use, and depressive symptoms. Predictors of such outcomes have not be ... more

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Online surveillance and the repressive Press Council Bill 2018. A two-pronged approach to media self-censorship in Nigeria

Olunifesi Adekunle Suraj

In: Journalist Safety and Self-Censorship

Ingrid Fadnes, Anna Grøndahl Larsen, Roy Krøvel (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2020), pp. 80-99

"This chapter examines the perceptions of Nigerian journalists towards the Nigerian Press Council Bill 2018 and the governments’ online surveillance. The study employs survey and interview methods: 217 Nigerian media practitioners selected from print and online media responded to the questionnaire ... more