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Media focus
7382
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Output Type
14726
Media Development in Practice: Innovation for Dialogue. New Approaches and Innovative Solutions to Improve Public Dialogue in the Digital Era
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2021), 26 pp.
"In Moldova, a series of hackathons led to the development of tech-based solutions to misinformation. In Ecuador, indigenous groups wrote their own stories on Wikipedia to strengthen their culture's representation and publicly correct misinformation. In Uganda, citizen journalists established a netw
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ork to report on underrepresented issues and groups. And in the Middle East, innovative concepts in journalism training are helping the next generation of journalists to become fit for the challenges of the future. These four case studies illustrate the approaches that DW Akademie and its partners are pursuing worldwide to strengthen the public dialogue. The goal is to foster innovation and increase the visibility of underrepresented topics, and to bring together innovators and experts to pool their knowledge and skills." (Publisher description)
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Aufarbeitung des Nationalsozialismus: Ein Kompendium
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb), Sonderausg. (2021), 718 pp.
Media and Information Literacy: A Practical Guidebook for Trainers
Key Guides
Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie, 3rd ed. (2021), 237 pp.
"The authors have updated, expanded and partly completely rewritten the texts. They attached particular importance to presenting the contents in a way that is as easy to understand as possible. For this purpose, they were able to draw on their experiences and observations in many Media and Informati
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on Literacy (MIL) workshops of the past years. The MIL Handbook is primarily intended for MIL trainers, but also for anyone interested in media and MIL. The book contains background information, suggestions for training plans and methods, hand-outs and worksheets for practical exercises. After an introductory chapter on media and the basics of MIL, the other chapters deal with information and news, photography, video and audio. The final chapter on the internet and social media has been completely revised and expanded by the authors." (Thorsten Karg, mail to the fome mailing list, 2021-05-20)
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Evolución de las inversiones publicitarias en los medios de comunicación. Nivel nacional: 2016-2020
Lima: CPI (2021), 6 pp.
"En el Perú al igual que en muchos otros países, la principal medida para mitigar el avance de la pandemia de Covid-19 fue el confinamiento social y la inmovilización obligatoria, acciones que llevaron al cierre temporal de diversos sectores, causando una crisis económica cuan cada en una caíd
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a aproximada de 11.5% del PBI respecto al año 2019. En concordancia con esto, las empresas postergaron el lanzamiento de sus campañas y re raron gran parte de los presupuestos asignados a la publicidad, como resultado de esto, la inversión publicitaria para el 2020 llegó a los US$ 442 millones, 24.2% menos que año anterior, en el cual la inversión alcanzó los US$ 583 millones." (Página 1)
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Media
Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2021), 19 pp.
"We can see that the number of countries with concentrated foreign media strategies has increased substantially and that their range of activities and strategies is substantial. Also visible is a decline in spending from Western nations (with countries Austria, Canada, and the Neth-erlands severely
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cutting services) while non-Western nations (like Turkey, Qatar, and China) increase their investments. Despite massive financial support from new ECP players, foreign broadcasters are far from a panacea to achieve global influence. In reality, this spending often happens without a dedicated and localized strategy. Indeed, “the risk of expanding initiatives in fields such as international broadcasting and film co-productions with little attention being given to reception contexts of cross-cultural communications is that nation states will be committing significant resources to these cultural initiatives to little tangible effect, as has arguably been occurring with the international expansion of CCTV services by the Chinese government over the last decade, at least in the advanced industrial nations” (Flew 2016, page 291). Even among resurgent powers, strategies vary. Compared to Russia, China employs a more diffuse strategy to increase understanding and improve China’s image, while also limiting the inflow of information. By contrast, Russia mainly targets Western narratives without expending much effort to portray Russia itself in a positive light and has done relatively little to restrict information flow (although it has considered targeting US social media). Turkey’s approach is somewhat of a mix of the two. As countries experiment with different foreign media strategies, we can expect the range of approaches to increase in the coming years, with some countries adopting a “trial and error” method as particular methods succeed or fail." (Pages 12-13)
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Malign Creativity: How Gender, Sex, and Lies are Weaponized Against Women Online
Washington, DC: Wilson Center (2021), 61 pp.
"This report strives to build awareness of the direct and indirect impacts of gendered and sexualized disinformation on women in public life, as well as its corresponding impacts on national security and democratic participation. In an analysis of online conversations about 13 female politicians acr
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oss six social media platforms [Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern, New Zealand, Secretary of State for the Home Department Priti Patel, UK, Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland, Canada, and 10 US politicians], totaling over 336,000 pieces of abusive content shared by over 190,000 users over a two-month period, the report defines, quantifies, and evaluates the use of online gendered and sexualized disinformation campaigns against women in politics and beyond. It also uses three in-depth interviews and two focus groups to emphasize the impacts gendered abuse and disinformation have on women’s daily lives." (Executive summary, page 1)
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Finding China’s Edge: Engineering Influence Operations within the Limits of Social Media Platform Rules
Zürich: Center for Security Studies (CSS) (2021), 48 pp.
"To arrive at a careful evaluation of impact, this report concentrates on how the tactics of China’s influence operations have evolved during the first year of the pandemic. Looking at China’s key priority of information control, the first section conceptualizes the adaptation of influence opera
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tions to align with this preference while taking advantage of the global reach of social media. Building on this understanding, section two explores the ways in which Chinese influence operations have attempted to systematically exploit carve-outs that have emerged from how social media have regulated official statements and newsworthy content. Section three analyzes in more detail the integrated messaging apparatus China has sought to develop, in particular in respect of the specific roles that China’s diplomatic network, state media, and fake social media accounts play in creating, shaping, and promoting narratives. Unpacking China’s attempts to distinguish its endeavor of narrative control from disinformation campaigns, section four examines China’s responses to accusations of disinformation and steps taken by social media companies and by targeted states to address this specific tactic. The report concludes with evaluating the potential implications of China’s influence operations in terms of their immediate objective to shape international perceptions of China’s actions during the pandemic and raises attention about the capabilities developed in this process and their potential deployment in case of a further deterioration of relations with China." (Executive summary, page 4-5)
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Manual de aplicaciones para comunicación virtual
Cusco: Centro de Estudios Regionales Andinos Bartolomé de Las Casas (2021), 79 pp.
"Este manual puede ser útil como material de consulta para orientar a los usuarios sobre los medios más apropiados para llevar a cabo una comunicación virtual eficaz, así como para formar parte de las herramientas de entrenamiento que utilicen las instituciones de desarrollo y las organizaciones
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sociales de base en el fortalecimiento de sus capacidades." (Presentación)
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From Airtable to Zoom: An A-to-Z Guide to Digital Tech and Activism 2021
Deep Insights
Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2021), 18 pp.
"This policy brief maps how activists are using technology to pursue public interests in human rights, democracy and a livable environment. It begins with a look at how cell phone tech has upped the outreach and mobilising game for campaigns, dives into digital storytelling and fundraising, explores
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key digital tools for collaboration and training, covers cybersecurity considerations and closes with a broad look at topical creative tech-based nonviolent activist success stories. Though digital tech is no silver bullet for successful campaigns, there are clear uses and recommendations to build power and win with digital technology." (Abstract)
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"This report has documented the surveillance measures and practices in Kenya and Uganda during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The key trends include poor oversight over COVID-19 data collection, the lack of independent data protection authorities, the use of telecommunications data to ‘t
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rack and trace’ individuals, the surveillance of public spaces using CCTV and biometric technologies, the possession of broad search powers by medical and public health officers, and a lack of transparency and accountability by state and nonstate actors. Also, the coronavirus apps deployed in both countries presented new challenges including their limited impact and effectiveness, non-compliance of the apps with privacy standards, their inadequate privacy policies, and a lack of transparency in partnerships. While international human rights law and the constitutions in both countries guarantee the protection of the rights to privacy, data protection, and freedom of expression and information, these were not complied with during the pandemic period. The result is an overall expansion of the surveillance environment in Kenya and Uganda, leading to interference with, and infringements and violations of these rights, a situation which is worrying if left unchanged." (Conclusion, page 20)
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The State of Media Freedom in Sierra Leone March 2018-December 2020
Accra: Media Foundation for West Africa (MFWA) (2021), 22 pp.
"On the analyses of the trend of violations, key perpetrators and victims, research including engagements with the police, Sierra Leone Association of Journalists (SLAJ) and data from the MRCG’s (Media Reform Coordinating Group) Press Freedom Reports showed that in 2018, which was an election year
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(Presidential, Parliamentary and Local Council elections) in Sierra Leone, there were up to 10 cases of violations against journalists and civil society activists in their line of duty. In 2019, nine major violations were recorded against journalists and civil society activists in their line of duty. In 2020, which saw the emergence of COVID-19, up to 10 cases of violations against journalists and civil society activists were also recorded." (Analysis of trends of violations, page 18)
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"This learning brief provides an overview of the rites of passage that coalitions may experience as they attempt to chart their way through what is often unknown territory. The findings of the PRIMED workshop suggest that, via media development agencies, they can tap into a wealth of local and inter
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national experience which can help shape new initiatives and give them impetus. Balancing inclusion with focus is a particular challenge as alliances attempt to cater to multiple agendas and accommodate conflicting viewpoints. The risks of coalitions falling victim to infighting, disenchantment, funding gaps and political capture are very real. Nevertheless, the approaches highlighted in this document have proven their worth. Coalitions worldwide have marked up an impressive tally of achievements ranging from greater protections for media practitioners to the introduction of new legislation that supports regulation and decriminalises libel. They have helped forge lasting links between stakeholders and sectors that previously had limited experience of cooperation and even considered themselves to be diametrically opposed." (Conclusion, page 13)
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Adapting Security Warnings to Counter Online Disinformation
USENIX Security Symposium (2021), 18 pp.
"Disinformation is proliferating on the internet, and platforms are responding by attaching warnings to content. There is little evidence, however, that these warnings help users identify or avoid disinformation. In this work, we adapt methods and results from the information security warning litera
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ture in order to design and evaluate effective disinformation warnings. In an initial laboratory study, we used a simulated search task to examine contextual and interstitial disinformation warning designs. We found that users routinely ignore contextual warnings, but users notice interstitial warnings—and respond by seeking information from alternative sources. We then conducted a follow-on crowdworker study with eight interstitial warning designs. We confirmed a significant impact on user information-seeking behavior, and we found that a warning’s design could effectively inform users or convey a risk of harm. We also found, however, that neither user comprehension nor fear of harm moderated behavioral effects. Our work provides evidence that disinformation warnings can—when designed well—help users identify and avoid disinformation. We show a path forward for designing effective warnings, and we contribute repeatable methods for evaluating behavioral effects. We also surface a possible dilemma: disinformation warnings might be able to inform users and guide behavior, but the behavioral effects might result from user experience friction, not informed decision making." (Abstract)
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Effective state practices against disinformation: Four country case studies
Helsinki: European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) (2021), 30 pp.
"[...] this Research Report has selected four country case studies: Sweden, Canada, the United Kingdom, and France. Obviously, other cases would have been interesting, particularly the United States. But the United States is already at the centre of other works, including by Hybrid CoE. Being divers
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e in terms of power, geopolitical situation, and systems of government, the four selected countries offer a good sample of what liberal democracies, different in colour, shape and size, can propose to counter disinformation. Finally, this Research Report will attempt to draw some general lessons from these four cases, on what an effective state response to disinformation should involve." (Page 9)
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Sustainability: Going Beyond the Buzzword
Deep Insights
Forum Medien und Entwicklung (fome); MEDAS21 (2021), 31 pp.
"This paper aims to trace the social construct of sustainability in the context of media development and define what is to be sustained, at the level of the intervention (the process of change) or its outcome (the impact on the medium itself). It is intended for all those who are concerned, closely
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or remotely, with ‘media action’ – and this expression is used here to mean any intervention (inside or outside a given media system) that promotes either communication for social change (the use of media for development purposes) or media development (the targeted development of independent outlets). This literature review focuses on the evolution of the concept of sustainability and the way it has been endorsed by the media, media action implementers and donors over time, as funds dedicated to media assistance have increased and the digital revolution has questioned most of the foundations of the media industry, with regard to production, distribution and information usage." (Abstract)
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