"As a bridge between Europe and Asia, the West and the Middle East, Turkey sees its influence increasing. Its foreign policy is becoming more complex, making sophisticated public diplomacy an essential tool. This volume - the first in English about
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the subject - examines this rising power's path toward being a more consequential global player." (Publisher description)
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"The Story of an Uprising examines the political and media dynamic in pre-and post-revolution Egypt and what it could mean for the country's democratic transition. We follow events through the period leading up to the 2011 revolution, eighteen days of uprising, military rule, an elected president's
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year in office, and his ouster by the military. Activism has expanded freedoms of expression only to see those spaces contract with the resurrection of the police state. And with sharpening political divisions, the facts have become amorphous as ideological trends cling to their own narratives of truth." (Back cover)
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"In today's Africa racism and ethnicity have been implicated in serious conflicts - from Egypt to Mali to South Africa - that have cost lives and undermined efforts to achieve national cohesion and meaningful development. Racism, Ethnicity and the Media in Africa sets about rethinking the role of me
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dia and communication in perpetuating, reinforcing and reining in racism, absolute ethnicity and other discriminations across Africa. It goes beyond the customary discussion of media racism and ethnic stereotyping to critically address broader issues of identity, belonging and exclusion. Topics covered include racism in South African newspapers, pluralist media debates in Kenya, media discourses on same-sex relations in Uganda and ethnicised news coverage in Nigerian newspapers." (Publisher description)
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"Welche Bilder prägen unser Gedächtnis? Bilder nehmen im „visuellen Zeitalter“ eine herausragende Bedeutung für europäische Identität, Geschichtsbewusstsein und Geschichtskultur ein. 14 Bildquellen – Gemälde und Fotografien –, die in den aktuellen Schulgeschichtsbüchern europäischer
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Staaten am häufigsten abgebildet werden und sich über dieses Medium europaweit im visuellen Gedächtnis von Kindern und Jugendlichen verankert haben, werden in diesem Band vorgestellt. Die Bildwerke werden gemäß den Standards der fachspezifischen „visual literacy“ von Expertinnen und Experten erschlossen und aufbereitet. Viele der Bilder, wie beispielsweise die fotografische Darstellung der Konferenz von Jalta, waren bislang nie Gegenstand von Analysen. Auch die Grundlagen zur „visual literacy“-Kompetenz im Umgang mit Bildikonen und dem kulturwissenschaftlichen Zugang zum Bild kommen in dem neuen Band nicht zu kurz. Sie werden in drei grundlegenden Beiträgen zugänglich gemacht. Das Buch ist ein Gewinn für alle, die den Beitrag der Schule zur Bildung einer europäischen Identität ernst nehmen und ihn weiterentwickeln wollen." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"We are pleased to be sharing with you the second yearbook on media and information literacy and intercultural dialogue. The first MILID Yearbook was published in June 2013 [...] The theme of the 2014 Yearbook is Global Citizenship in a Digital Wor
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ld. Global citizenship assumes ease of participation in global spaces in which persons are media and information literate and are equipped with competencies and attitudes to deal with the multi-faceted nature of a mediated world in which information is no longer bound by space or time. The unprecedented access to and use of media and Internet technologies for communication and collaboration especially among youth, suggest that effective strategies must be found to enable active critical inquiry and effective media production." (Foreword, page 7)
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"Nationally, Turkish media consumers fall into three basic groups: About half (48.0%) tend to only watch TV news; about one-third (32.0%) mostly watch TV and use the Internet to get news, and two in 10 (20.0%) are “super users” who get news fro
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m a variety of media platforms. Super-users are more likely to be male, young, highly educated, and to live in urban areas." (Page 1)
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"China’s quest to improve its international image has increased exponentially in the last decade through cultural diplomacy and the media. However, the expansion of China’s state-led media has received mixed reactions and even stereotypes in Africa. By examining scholarly responses towards China
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’s media in Africa, this paper observes that the arguments seem fall from one side to the other and new perspective is needed for better understanding of China’s media in Africa. Therefore, based on the analyses of Challenges and stereotypes against the so-called ‘positive reporting’ of China's media in Africa, the paper proposes to revisit the journalism of China's media from the concept of constructive journalism to figure out what exactly makes the engagement of China’s media different from Western media in Africa. The paper concludes that it is indeed too simple labeling China’s media with positive reporting and constructive journalism helps to offer a new perspective to understand China’s media." (Abstract)
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"Mexico ranks as one of the most violent countries in the world for journalists, and especially for those who work on the country’s periphery such as its northern border. Given the dire situation for Mexican reporters covering the northern part of the country, and the continued responsibility of U
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S journalists to report on the area just south of the border, this qualitative study addresses the overarching research question that examines how Mexican and US journalists who cover northern Mexico are using social media, given the heightened levels of violence in the region. The authors utilize a modified version of the conceptual framework of scale-shifting to investigate how journalists in a specific transnational environment of conflict are using social media. The study is based on a qualitative analysis of 41 interviews gathered in fall 2011 in 18 cities with news media outlets along the United States–Mexico border. Findings describe the innovative ways that journalists are circumventing online security risks (what the authors call scale-shifting) and how social media are used to build cross-border relationships." (Abstract)
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"Digital Russia provides a comprehensive analysis of the ways in which new media technologies have shaped language and communication in contemporary Russia. It traces the development of the Russian-language internet, explores the evolution of web-b
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ased communication practices, showing how they have both shaped and been shaped by social, political, linguistic and literary realities, and examines online features and trends that are characteristic of, and in some cases specific to, the Russian-language internet." (Publisher description)
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"Der zweitgrößte Kontinent mit seinen mehr als 50 Staaten und über einer Milliarde Menschen wird in den Medien oft pauschal gesehen. Regionale Krisensymptome werden auf ganz Afrika übertragen, die kulturelle Vielfalt und ökonomische Entwicklungen finden zu wenig Beachtung. Der vorliegende Band
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zeigt verzerrte Sichtweisen auf und plädiert für eine differenzierte Betrachtung der Probleme wie auch der Chancen zwischen Kairo und Kapstadt – eben in “Afrika 3.0” jenseits von Stereotypen. Journalisten und Kommunikationswissenschaftler, Politologen und Politiker, Ethnologen und Künstler werfen Schlaglichter auf das Afrikabild deutscher Medien, auf die Möglichkeiten alternativer Medien in der Afrikaberichterstattung, auf journalistische Arbeitsmöglichkeiten in Afrika selbst, auf das Zusammenspiel von Medien und Hilfsorganisationen und anderes mehr. Dokumentiert wird damit eine Tagung, die im Juni 2013 aus Anlass des 15. Geburtstages der Magazin Africa Positive in Dortmund stattgefunden hat." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"At the beginning of 2008, the war between two powerful Mexican drug cartels generated an incredible wave of violence in some cities along the US-Mexican border. In Ciudad Juárez, located in the northern state of Chihuahua and to the west of the Texas-Mexico border, the feud over control of drug-tr
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afficking routes between the Cartel de Sinaloa and the Cartel de Juárez has claimed the lives of more than 10,000 people since the war began. Figures from the Chihuahua’s State Attorney Office offer a clear picture of the escalation of violence: in 2007, 307 people were killed in cases related to drug traffi cking; in 2008, the number rose to 1,607; in 2009, it was 2,601; and by 2010, the most violent year in the period, assassinations escalated to 3,156. At the height of the drug war, killings became so randomized that anyone could fall victim, including journalists, as the next chapter details. An entire society was affected by an increase in kidnappings, extortion, robberies, and a vast array of crimes, with youth often becoming favorite targets. The massacre of 15 teenagers and football players during a birthday party the night of January 31, 2010, was an indicator of the level of deterioration of the city. In July, a car bomb exploded in the middle of a busy avenue in downtown Juárez. It was the first time that drug cartels used a car bomb to attack civilians and police. The explosion of the vehicle, packed with 22 pounds of a powerful water gel explosive, left three people dead and a dozen civilians wounded. The violence was reaching an unprecedented level, particularly on the weekends. Reports of slaughtered scores were the top stories in local newspapers every Monday morning. During one weekend in February 2010, 53 people were massacred in different incidents. The violence had yet to reach its peak." (Abstract)
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"This paper is the first detailed account of the BBC's engagement with journalism in Romania after the fall of communism, including a description and evaluation of the journalism training carried
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out by the BBC in the country in the 1990s. Drawing on interviews with a cohort of journalists who were trained at the BBC School in Bucharest, it describes the media landscape from which they came and charts their professional progress after attending the training course. Their disillusionment with the decline in journalistic standards in Romania in the late 1990s is put in the context of wider assessments of the state of Romanian media in the run-up to the country's joining the European Union in 2005. Initiatives to establish and support a model of public service broadcasting in Romania after the “revolution” of 1989 were seen as part of a wider effort to build an open society. While Romania's goals of joining NATO and the European Union were achieved by 2005, there is considerable evidence of its continuing failure to respect the norms of liberal democracy. This paper investigates the reasons why the journalistic values which the BBC taught to 500 young Romanian journalists did not take root in the country's media and asks what lessons can be learned for similar interventions 20 years on." (Abstract)
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"Anyone working with community radio in one way or the other longs for a recipe on how to ensure long-term sustainability. Such a recipe does not exist. But there are
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a number of important factors that are crucial for sustainability - and a related number of traps on the way it is easy to fall into which will effectively undermine long-term sustainability." (Page 2)
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"In the fall of 2011, Danida commissioned a study with the objective of examining strategic opportunities for using ICT for promoting governance and democratization efforts within development assi
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stance; and exploring opportunities for ICT in the present Danish portfolio of development programs and within the vision of the Strategy for Danish Development Cooperation. The study touches on a range of ICT technologies but its focus is the use of mobile phones, including voice calls, SMSText, mobile internet, and social media. This report presents the findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study and falls in 6 chapters: an introductory part outlining study objectives and the methodology applied (Chapters 1-2); a presentation of why ICT is important (Chapter 3); a presentation of ICT case studies from Kenya emphasizing transparency, accountability and empowerment (Chapter 4); a presentation of other donor practices and experiences with emphasis on institutional issues (chapter 5); and a concluding chapter outlining the conclusions/recommendations (Chapter 6)." (Introduction)
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"This study explores the solidification of the discourse of integration of the Gypsy/Roma in the European press following the fall of Communism. A discourse analysis focuses on the British and Rom
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anian press between 1990 and 2006, and it suggests that, in the midst of opening of EU borders and talks of a European Constitution, the idea and necessity of integration grew in political popularity as a means to peaceably alleviate interethnic conflict. However, the discourse of integration has continuously shifted between assimilationist voices and projects that attempt to change the Gypsy other into a non-Gypsy, on the one hand, and human rights-inspired defense and advocacy for the Roma, on the other. This article further suggests that the press does more than confirm stereotypes; instead, uncertainties, contradictions, and changes mark press writing." (Abstract)
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"Diese Einführung geht von der These aus, dass Radio das Vielfältigste aller Medien darstellt. Dies ist u. a. der Tatsache geschuldet, dass niemand so genau weiß, wo die äußeren Grenzen des Phänomens Radio liegen. Manches nennt sich heute Rad
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io - z. B. Internetradio oder Radio-on-Demand -, da kann man mit Recht fragen, ob dies vom Begriff eigentlich gedeckt ist? In jedem Fall aber gilt, dass das erste elektronische Medium - im Prinzip ca. neunzig Jahre alt - schon viel mitgemacht hat. Nach seinen Pionier- und Experimentaljahren wurde es zum Leitmedium der „goldenen“ Phase des Radios zwischen den 30er und 50er Jahren, es wurde später vom Fernsehen marginalisiert und erfand sich neu als Begleitmedium, wo es bis heute seine Stärke beweist. Es hat über die Jahre alle Lebensräume erobert und begleitet unsere Mobilität, es hat eine einzigartige Internationalität entwickelt und ist tief im Lokalen verankert. Es ist neben dem Fernsehen das meistgenutzte Medium in Deutschland und zeigt trotz des Siegeszugs des Internet kaum Rückgänge in der Nutzung. Mehr noch, es scheint zunehmend zum Komplementär im Internet-Zeitalter zu werden, da es wunderbar während der Arbeit am Bildschirm genutzt werden kann. Schließlich ist das Radio eine einzigartige Verbindung mit der Zivilgesellschaft eingegangen, im Unterschied zu allen anderen der klassischen Medien ist die Zugangsbarriere gering, das Selbermachen kein Problem, die Bedienung auch kleiner Zielgruppen möglich. Eine Einführung, die ihren Namen verdient, sollte eigentlich immer transdisziplinär angelegt sein. In der vorliegenden Studie sind dennoch alle nachfolgenden Kapitel monodisziplinär angelegt (Geschichte, Politik, Wirtschaft etc.) oder sie folgen zumindest einem Leitbegriff (Theorie, Nutzung, Journalismus), damit ist ein einfaches und nachvollziehbares Gliederungsprinzip intendiert. Diese Kapitel sind als Einführungen geschrieben, sie sollen einen Überblick geben, zentrale Zusammenhänge aufweisen und Beispiele geben." (Einführung, Seite 11)
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"This article presents and discusses the results of an experiment, which gathered audience responses to television news coded as war journalism and peace journalism respectively, in two countries, Australia and the Philippines. From the peace journalism model, evaluative criteria were first derived
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as a set of headings for content analysis of existing television news as broadcast in each country. The test material was then coded to fall within the upper and lower peace journalism quintiles of the ‘idiom and range’ of local television journalism in each case. Distinctions under the headings were particularized for individual stories by critical discourse analysis, to disclose potential sources of influence transmitted into audience frames. Data about emotional responses, gathered from self-reporting questionnaires, were combined with a textual artefact, with participants completing a ‘thought-listing protocol’ as they watched. Focus groups also viewed the material and provided more in-depth narrative responses. Watching peace journalism left people less angry and fearful, and more hopeful and empathic. Peace journalism viewers were also less inclined to apportion ‘blame’ to one ‘side’, and more likely to think about cooperative solutions to the problems presented." (Abstract)
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"[...] Afghanistan is a fragile, fractured state and has one of the most fragile and fractured media, where almost anyone with sufficient funds and the opportunity to move quickly has been able to establish
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a media presence. This environment has enabled the flourishing of television, radio and other media established and owned by powerful political and religious leaders, or by those with allegiance to them. Some fear a future of increased ethnic, sectarian and factional strife being played out through the airwaves. Though there are some very successful commercial television channels, there is no independent and widely trusted national media capable of transcending or creating communication across the fracture points in Afghan society. Most media is either localised or seen as serving political, religious or other agendas. The future of the national broadcaster, RTA, still the only broadcaster with a truly national presence, is uncertain. While journalism as a whole has expanded greatly, investigative journalism remains limited. The sustainability of the newly established commercial media is widely questioned. With the total annual advertising market in the country estimated by some at little more than $20 million, there are real concerns that if donor support declines much of the media will wither or fall prey to factional, religious or extreme forces. There is no shortage of such forces. A number of media outlets already play upon ethnic and sectarian tensions. The Taliban, notorious when in power for shutting down media and banning video tape, have embraced the web and run one of the most effective media strategies in the country. In 2012, the mood music is one of compromise with the Taliban. Concern in the country is growing that new found media freedoms may be the price of that compromise. The role of donors in media support in Afghanistan is probably greater than in any other country at any other time. Such support is largely responsible for the development of a substantial media sector, but it faces criticism that it is poorly coordinated, short term and not informed by aid effectiveness principles; that it focuses too heavily on advancing the agendas of the donors; and that in some sectors it is distorting the media market in ways that create dependency and inhibit the development of genuinely sustainable Afghan media ventures." (Executive summary)
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"Freedom of expression in Kenya has witnessed several phases of development, ranging from the autocratic to a proactive new media regime. This transformation has been enabled by governance reforms, including repeals and amendment of laws, as well a
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s the promulgation of a new Constitution in 2010. With respect to media, these reforms are reflected in the diversity of the Kenya media, which includes FM stations covering almost all the 42 ethnic dialects spoken in Kenya, mobile telephones, and the internet. These channels have expanded space for freedom of expression and engagement in public affairs, although many citizens still do not contribute to public issues and debates via these channels. New media, in particular the internet and interactive media, has been a focus of research and debate. However, the findings from this study reveal that the old media, in particular radio, remain the dominant channel for accessing news and expanding space for freedom of expression. This is largely due to the widespread availability and low cost of radio infrastructure compared to other communication channels. Newspapers, which also fall under old media, are minimally used, but are still more accessible than the internet Access to interactive media is now relatively widespread (56 per cent are regular listeners), but actual use and interaction via this channel still seems to be a preserve of a selected few, with only 3 per cent calling in or joining discussions. A unique unexplained aspect is the marginal differences across rural/urban, gender and age groups." (Conclusion)
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