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Youth, Deprivation and the Internet in Africa

Chenai Chair, Ariane De Lannoy

Research ICT Africa;International Development Research Centre (IDRC);SALDRU (2018), 38 pp.

"The potential for young people to strengthen and grow the continent’s economies is only possible if they are adequately supported and provided with the tools they need to create a sustainable livelihood. Economic opportunities are a significant concern for young people globally, with youth three ... more

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National Social and Behaviour Change Communication Strategy for Integrated Early Childhood Development, Nutrition and WASH (2018-2024)

NECDP;Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC);USAID (2018), 78 pp.

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Newsmaking Cultures in Africa: Normative Trends in the Dynamics of Socio-Political and Economic Struggles
Top Insights

Hayes Mawindi Mabweazara (ed.)

London: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), xxv, 396 pp.

"The volume digs beneath the standardised and universalised veneer of professionalism to unpack routine practices and normative trends shaped by local factors, including the structural conditions of deprivation, entrenched political instability (and interference), pervasive neo-patrimonial governanc ... more

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Representations of Africa in African Media: The Case of the Darfur Violence

African Affairs, volume 117, issue 466 (2018), pp. 44-61

"This article examines representation of the conflict in Darfur by the media in Kenya, South Africa, Egypt and Rwanda. It analyses 850 newspaper articles published from 2003 to 2008 and journalist interviews from Kenya and South Africa. Using Mbembe’s articulation of ‘meaningful acts’ and Bour ... more

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Engaging the Private Sector Towards an Improved Literate Environment: A learning paper on Book Development in Rwanda

Sofia Cozzolino

Save the Children (2018), 23 pp.

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Perspectives on Political Communication in Africa

Bruce Mutsvairo, Beschara Karam (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2018), xxiii, 272 pp.

"Focusing on sub-Saharan Africa and occasionally drawing comparisons with other regions of the world, this book critically addresses the development of the field focusing on the current opportunities and challenges within the African context. By using a wide variety of case studies that include Moza ... more

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Performing Trauma in Central Africa: Shadows of Empire

Laura Edmondson

Bloomington: Indiana University Press (2018), xviii, 348 pp.

"What are the stakes of cultural production in a time of war? How is artistic expression prone to manipulation by the state and international humanitarian organizations? In the charged political terrain of post-genocide Rwanda, post-civil war Uganda, and recent violence in the Democratic Republic of ... more

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How Africa Tweets 2018

London et al.: Portland (2018), 22 pp.

"Our study is the first to identify and analyse who is shaping African Twitter conversations during elections over the past year. The study found that 53 per cent of the leading voices on Twitter around ten elections on the continent during the past year came from outside the country in which the el ... more

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Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Sanja Kelly, Mai Truong, Adrian Shahbaz, Madeline Earp, Jessica White (eds.)

Washington, DC; New York: Freedom House (2017), 1060 pp.

"Governments around the world have dramatically increased their efforts to manipulate information on social media over the past year. The Chinese and Russian regimes pioneered the use of surreptitious methods to distort online discussions and suppress dissent more than a decade ago, but the practice ... more

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Measuring Peacebuilding Cost-Effectiveness

Institute for Economics & Peace (2017), 68 pp.

"1) This paper provides a conceptual framework for counting and categorising peacebuilding activities as well as a hard working-definition of the actions that count as peacebuilding. One of the primary inhibiting factors for assessing peacebuilding cost-effectiveness has been the lack of commonly ag ... reed definitions and confusion about what activities constitute peacebuilding. Without this, it is simply not possible to measure and compare the cost-effectiveness of peacebuilding activities. 2) A comprehensive accounting of global peacebuilding expenditures from 2002 to 2013, using the working definition that was developed in partnership with the UN Peacebuilding Support Office (PBSO) and Peacebuilding Support Group. This is the first known attempt at comprehensively accounting for peacebuilding activities — without this data it is not possible to empirically assess different peacebuilding strategies and assess the cost-effectiveness of them or individual peacebuilding actions. This data shows that peacebuilding activities are unevenly distributed geographically and thematically and are prioritised to differing extents by international donors. 3) A detailed case study of peacebuilding expenditures is presented to analyse an example of peacebuilding success — Rwanda from the wake of genocide to 2014. This analysis shows US$18.35 billion was committed to peacebuilding expenditures in Rwanda from 1995 to 2014. That means peacebuilding commitments in Rwanda from the international community were at least $27 per capita each year for the past 15 years. This demonstrates that the assistance associated with peacebuilding is not exhausted in the five or even ten years following a conflict, meaning that the success of peacebuilding cannot be judged on whether there has been a relapse into a conflict after such a short period of time has elapsed. If some moderate level of peacebuilding expenditure indeed leads to a reduction in violence, and if Rwanda is illustrative of the levels of peacebuilding required to reduce violent conflict, then the current levels of global peacebuilding expenditure are insufficient to build global peace. 4) A global model of the cost-effectiveness of peacebuilding, based on the case study findings and the data generated from them. Using 20 years of peacebuilding expenditure, Rwanda’s experience as a baseline, and combining this with IEP’s research on the global cost of conflict, the paper presents scenario analysis and a model of peacebuilding cost-effectiveness. It finds that using conservative assumptions, the cost-effectiveness ratio of peacebuilding is 1:16, showing that increased funding for peacebuilding would be hugely beneficial not only to peacebuilding outcomes but in terms of the potential economic returns to the global economy. This means that if countries currently in conflict increased or received levels of peacebuilding funding to appropriate levels estimated by this model, then for every dollar invested now, the cost of conflict would be reduced by $16 over the long run. Projected forward ten years from 2016 this would save US$2.94 trillion in direct and indirect losses from conflict. However, achieving this outcome would require an approximate doubling of peacebuilding toward the 31 most fragile and conflict affected nations of the world. Of course, this does not preclude other important factors for peacebuilding success such as the external influence of other states or the role of political elites, but rather establishes a working framework for resources required for programmatic peacebuilding activities. 5) In order to take this research forward, this paper also provides detailed approaches for a future research agenda to look deeper into the ultimate aim of assessing the cost-effectiveness of particular peacebuilding interventions. Through drawing upon existing impact evaluations on peacebuilding interventions in Liberia, it demonstrates a basic approach to how the cost-effectiveness of specific peacebuilding interventions could be compared within a specific context. However, this approach demonstrates the long-term needs for a fully-fledged research agenda in this area. Impact evaluations are resource intensive and require a very significant upscaling of research. Currently, it is estimated that there are only 61 impact evaluations globally on programmes with peacebuilding outcomes. In other domains such as health or education there are hundreds and thousands of such impact evaluations, which highlights the clear need for more impact evaluations in peacebuilding." (Executive summary) more

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Country Reports 2016

Celia Collins (ed.)

Pan African Media Research Organization (PAMRO) (2017), 253 pp.

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A Communication Audit of the Catholic Diocese of Kabgayi in Rwanda

Théoneste Ndahimana

Nairobi: Daystar University, School of Communication, Language and Performing Arts, Master of Arts in Communication Thesis (2017), xiii, 130 pp.

"The purpose of this study was to conduct a communication audit of the Catholic Diocese of Kabgayi with a view to establishing the effectiveness of communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The objectives of this study were: firstly, to establish communication strate ... gies utilized by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization; Secondly, to assess how well the current communications flow is working in supporting the local resource mobilization; and thirdly, to establish the laity's perception regarding the communication strategies used by Kabgayi Diocese for local resource mobilization. The study revealed that the clergy of Kabgayi Diocese mobilize local resources in collaboration with some church's leaders from the laity. It has been recommended that the clergy and laity leaders should mobilize local resources frequently. The study further established that face-to-face group communication, the bishop's pastoral letter, the letters to individuals or families were the most used communication approaches currently in local resource mobilization and should, as a recommendation, be combined with other new communication approaches, such as, radio, television, newsletter, event fundraising, notice boards, and social media, especially WhatsApp. The study found out that there was lack of a resource mobilization strategic plan and a communication plan to support it at the parish and diocesan level. Therefore, the formulation of these two kinds of strategic plans has been perceived as a matter of urgency for Kabgayi Diocese. The study revealed that the amount of information currently received by the laity on local resource mobilization and related themes was not adequate. The study established that the information flow about local resource mobilization was predominantly one-way, downward communication. As a recommendation, upward and horizontal communication flows should be also encouraged by Kabgayi Diocese in resource mobilization. The study established that the laity was little involved in decision-making regarding the church's activities aiming at mobilizing domestic resources. To increase the laity's commitment and their sense of ownership, the Kabgayi Dioecese has been recommended to involve the laity more in decision-making regarding resource mobilization." (Abstract) more

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Internet Use Barriers and User Strategies: Perspectives from Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa and Rwanda

Margaret Nyambura, Fola Odufuwa, Albert Nsengiyumva, Lwando Mdleleni, Mpho Moyo, Sinethemba Mthimkhulu

Research ICT Africa;Mozilla Foundation (2017), 40 pp.

"The study tested the following hypotheses: the use of subsidised services only forms part of data use; people do not move beyond the use of subsidised services; using the internet first through subsidised services leaves people with less of an understanding of the Internet. Using subsidised data fo ... more

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ICT Sector Strategic Plan (2018-2024)

Kigali: Ministry of Information Technology and Communications (2017), 50 pp.

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Mobile Internet Skills Training Toolkit: Tigo Rwanda Pilot Evaluation

Alex Smith

GSMA (2017), 37 pp.

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Citizen Journalism and Democratisation of Mainstream Media in Rwanda

Dominique Nduhura, Michael Prieler

African Journalism Studies, volume 38, issue 2 (2017), pp. 178-197

"This paper explores the role that citizen journalism is playing in democratising the mainstream media in Rwanda. Through in-depth interviews with journalists from two radio stations and by using the public sphere theory as a theoretical framework, this research sought to answer the question as to w ... more

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Country Reports 2017

Celia Collins (ed.)

Pan African Media Research Organization (PAMRO) (2017), 258 pp.

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The Use of IVR to Support Monitoring and Evaluation of Media Interventions: A Case Study of the VOTO System in Rwanda

Lauren Kogen, Briar Smith

Philadelphia, PA: Annenberg School for Communication, Center for Advanced Research in Global Communication (CARGC) (2016), 21 pp.

"This report described a pilot study using the VOTO Interactive Voice Response (IVR) platform to 1) distribute content and 2) collect quantitative and qualitative monitoring and evaluation data regarding a media program in Rwanda. In addition to showing that the VOTO system worked well as a distribu ... more

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Media Law Handbook for Eastern Africa, Vol. 2
Key Guidance

Top Insights

Justine Limpitlaw

Johannesburg: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2016), xxiv, pp. 295-627

"Volume 2 of the Media Law Handbook for Eastern Africa is a practical guide for journalists practising in Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda. The handbook not only contains a comprehensive overview of applicable media laws for each country reviewed, it also contains suggestions on possible law reforms to impr ... more

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Im Gespinst der Gerüchte

Anjan Sundaram

welt-sichten (2016)

"Journalisten leben in Ruanda gefährlich. Für Kritik am Regime riskieren sie Prügel oder ihr Leben. Von einem, der sich nicht einschüchtern lassen wollte." (Einführung)

Newsmaking Cultures in Africa: Normative Trends in the Dynamics of Socio-Political and Economic Struggles Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy Top Insights

Media Law Handbook for Eastern Africa, Vol. 2 Key Guidance Top Insights

Newsmaking Cultures in Africa: Normative Trends in the Dynamics of Socio-Political and Economic Struggles
Top Insights

Freedom on the Net 2017: Manipulating Social Media to Undermine Democracy
Top Insights

Media Law Handbook for Eastern Africa, Vol. 2
Key Guidance

Top Insights