"Breaking news überwinden dank Internet und Satellitenfernsehen in Sekundenschnelle Kontinente und Staatsgrenzen. Alles wird global verbreitet und kann in Blogs und Internetforen von jeder und jedem kommentiert werden. Längst nutzen auch totalitäre Staaten und global agierende Terroristen Medien
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und das Internet. Vielerorts besteht der einzige Zugang zu ungefilterten Informationen noch immer über Kurzwellenempfang von Auslandssendern. Die internationalen Sender verstärken ihre Internetpräsenz." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"This volume the consequences of digital media use for young people's individual and social identities. The contributors explore how young people use digital media to share ideas and creativity and to participate in networks that are small and large, local and global, intimate and anonymous. They lo
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ok at the emergence of new genres and forms, from SMS and instant messaging to home pages, blogs, and social networking sites. They discuss such topics as “girl power” online, the generational digital divide, young people and mobile communication, and the appeal of the “digital publics” of MySpace, considering whether these media offer young people genuinely new forms of engagement, interaction, and communication." (Back cover)
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"This volume addresses the issue of credibility—the objective and subjective components that make information believable—in the contemporary media environment. The contributors look particularly at youth audiences and experiences, considering the implications of wide access and the questionable
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credibility of information for youth and learning. They discuss such topics as the credibility of health information online, how to teach credibility assessment, and public policy solutions. Much research has been done on credibility and new media, but little of it focuses on users younger than college students. Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility fills this gap in the literature." (Publisher description)
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"This volume examines the core issues that arise when digital media use results in unintended learning experiences and unanticipated social encounters. The contributors examine the complex mix of emergent practices and developments online and elsewhere that empower young users to function as drivers
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of technological change, recognizing that these new technologies are embedded in larger social systems, school, family, friends. The chapters consider such topics as (un)equal access across economic, racial, and ethnic lines; media panics and social anxieties; policy and Internet protocols; media literacy; citizenship vs. consumption; creativity and collaboration; digital media and gender equity; shifting notions of temporality; and defining the public/private divide." (Back cover)
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"Young people today have grown up living substantial portions of their lives online, seeking entertainment, social relationships, and a place to express themselves. It is clear that participation in online communities is important for many young people, but less clear how this translates into civic
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or political engagement. This volume examines the relationship of online action and real-world politics. The contributors discuss not only how online networks might inspire conventional political participation but also how creative uses of digital technologies are expanding the boundaries of politics and public issues. Do protests in gaming communities, music file sharing, or fan petitioning of music companies constitute political behavior? Do the communication skills and patterns of action developed in these online activities transfer to such offline realms as voting and public protests? Civic Life Online describes the many forms of civic life online that could predict a generation's political behavior." (Back cover)
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"In this second publication in our Access to Communications Publication Series, the authors examine real-life examples of and trends in wireless technology solutions being used to drive change in the areas of health, humanitarian assistance, and environmental conservation. The compelling stories por
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trayed in this report demonstrate that telecommunications can be a powerful tool for positive change in our world." (Foreword)
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"Im Fazit lassen sich zwei Befunde festhalten: Erstens erweist sich die Medienkonzentration weiterhin als zentrale Bewegungsenergie für die Internationalisierung der Massenmedien. Sie wird nicht nur im klassischen Medienbereich von Fernsehen, Radio und Printmedien vorangetrieben, sondern erfährt e
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ine Parallele auch in den neuen internetbasierten Netzwerken – jedenfalls in deren gewinnorientierten Sektoren. Die grenzüberschreitende Medienkonzentration findet ihre Grenzen in aller Regel erst dann, wenn sie im Destinationsland von Investitionen erneut gegen nationale Wettbewerbsregeln verstößt. Gleichzeitig führt die internationale Medienkonzentration zur Betonung der Kapitallogik in den Destinationsländern und zu einer Lockerung jener Rechenschaft, zu der Medienunternehmen der Gesellschaft und dem politisch-demokratischen Gefüge gegenüber verpflichtet sind, in dem sie tätig sind. Das Überschreiten von ethischen und journalistischen Grenzen in den Medien der Destinationsländer, die in den Medien der Herkunftsländer eines Konzerns verbindlich gelten, illustriert diesen Befund. Zweitens erfährt die regionale und nationale Sprachraumebene, die weiterhin das relevante Spielfeld für Massenmedien darstellt, durch die Internationalisierung einen Verlust an kommunikativer Autonomie. Müssen Entscheidungen nachvollzogen werden, die von Konzernzentralen in anderen Ländern und aus einem anderen politisch-demokratischen Normenkontext getroffen werden, so führt dies zu einem Verlust an Entscheidungsautonomie und zu entsprechenden Konsequenzen für die politische und gesellschaftliche Kommunikation." (Fazit, Seite 147)
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"This publication focuses on unique communication-centered approaches to social change and introduces basic concepts, strategies and theories supporting edutainment strategies to foster social change and social movement building. It provides examples of how the organizations have used edutainment st
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rategies, describing challenges, lessons learned and insights for the future, especially related to strategic planning and evaluation. It also provides references for where to find more information or who to seek for further advice on the design and implementation of these approaches." (Foreword)
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"Does USAID’s democracy promotion program work? Although some prior studies have examined specific projects in individual countries, no prior effort has studied the question on a world-wide basis, and no prior study has encompassed the entire post Cold-War period. [...] In the first phase of that
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research, we found that the answer to that question was “yes.” That is, on average, in the period 1990-2003, USAID’s investments in democracy promotion produced significant increases in the national level of democracy as measured by Freedom House and Polity IV indicators. [...] The current report presents the results of the second phase of the project “Cross-National Research on USAID’s Democracy and Governance Programs.” [...] In the current effort, the data set is extended from 14 years to cover 15 years (1990-2004) and 165 countries, yielding 2,416 observations (country-years). [...] USAID civil society and media assistance have a significant positive impact directly on their respective sectors, and USAID human rights assistance has a significant negative impact on the human rights outcome." (Executive summary, page 2, page 5)
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"Based primarily on the content analysis, with secondary reinforcement from the discussion group proceedings, the research team sees the principal issues affecting Alhurra as being those related to the fundamentals of journalism, not the exigencies of politics. This is not an esoteric matter related
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to an idealized journalism, but rather goes directly to the issue of Alhurra's fulfillment of its legislative mandate and its responsibilities deriving from the Middle East Broadcast Network Journalistic Code of Ethics. Section 303 of the International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (as amended) calls for, among other provisions, United States international broadcasting to “be conducted in accordance with the highest professional standards of broadcast journalism” and “to be designed so as to effectively reach a significant audience.” These broad requirements coincide with the more specific standards prescribed by the MBN code of ethics. Within this framework, the challenges facing Alhurra as it seeks to attain excellence in carrying out its mandate are those that must be addressed by all news organizations: Ensuring comprehensiveness of coverage; providing the breadth that the audience expects; • Imposing discipline in producing the news product to protect against personal and institutional biases that can infect a news product; • Offering diverse viewpoints about important issues from sources whose backgrounds and expertise contribute to a balanced news product; • Avoiding rumor and other unsubstantiated material; • Thoughtfully and thoroughly addressing the topics of greatest interest to the target audience, such as religion and local democratization efforts. Add to these Alhurra's additional duty to reflect and promote U.S. policies and it is clear that the task for this news organization is exceptionally difficult. For each of these duties, our diagnosis is that Alhurra is not performing at the level that it needs to reach to be successful. To fulfill Alhurra's mission requires being able to compete effectively in the Arab news marketplace. That will require expanded and more proficient coverage, and to reach this higher level will necessitate a significant budget expansion to enable broader reporting and more professional management. It will also require grappling with political issues involving journalistic independence and the realities of establishing the credibility needed to gain and keep an Arab audience." (Executive summary)
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"In the many studies of games and young people's use of them, little has been written about an overall “ecology” of gaming, game design and play—mapping the ways that all the various elements, from coding to social practices to aesthetics, coexist in the game world. This volume looks at games
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as systems in which young users participate, as gamers, producers, and learners. The Ecology of Games aims to expand upon and add nuance to the debate over the value of games—which so far has been vociferous but overly polemical and surprisingly shallow. Game play is credited with fostering new forms of social organization and new ways of thinking and interacting; the contributors work to situate this within a dynamic media ecology that has the participatory nature of gaming at its core. They look at the ways in which youth are empowered through their participation in the creation, uptake, and revision of games; emergent gaming literacies, including modding, world-building, and learning how to navigate a complex system; and how games act as points of departure for other forms of knowledge, literacy, and social organization." (Back cover)
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"The Routledge Handbook of Public Diplomacy provides a comprehensive overview of public diplomacy and national image and perception management, from the efforts to foster pro-West sentiment during the Cold War to the post-9/11 campaign to "win the hearts and minds" of the Muslim world. Editors Nancy
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Snow and Philip Taylor present materials on public diplomacy trends in public opinion and cultural diplomacy as well as topical policy issues. The latest research in public relations, credibility, soft power, advertising, and marketing is included and institutional processes and players are identified and analyzed. While the field is dominated by American and British research and developments, the book also includes international research and comparative perspectives from other countries." (Publisher description)
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"Internet technology has arguably changed the rules by which individuals, social movements, and institutions compete for political and cultural influence in technologically advanced societies. The author considers this reality through reference to the concept of hegemony; looking to the ways in whic
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h diverse actors in American civil society compete with one another while simultaneously challenging dominant sources of authority. The Arab/Israeli conflict is drawn upon as a boundary object holding direct interest to a wide range of state-aligned lobbies, broadly-based social movements, and marginalized 'extremist' groups, each of which hopes to affect the course of U.S. Mid-East policy. While various dimensions of internet use and activism are explored, Stephen Marmura directs particular attention to the importance and limitations of the World Wide Web as a mass medium. Examining phenomena ranging from mainstream news dissemination to the propaganda warfare visible online amongst racist, religious fundamentalist, and ultra-nationalist organizations, he argues the Net's greatest advantages are ultimately accrued by those most vested in the political status quo. Marmura argues further that widespread use of the Web is likely contributing to processes of social fragmentation, even as it reinforces ideological discourses favorable to state power." (Publisher description)
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"This paper has demonstrated that the benefits for the general Afghan and Iraqi public derived from the ‘promotion of independent media’ by institutions like the NED are questionable, especially for parties interested in encouraging more deliberative or participatory forms of democracy. Instead,
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the promotion of ‘independent’ media in Afghanistan and Iraq seems to be playing a key role in the promotion of low-intensity democracy or polyarchy. Additionally, it also appears that countries of greater geostrategic value need more ‘democratization’, for example, both countries have roughly the same population but ‘oil rich Iraq received 20 times more American media development assistance per year than war-ravaged Afghanistan, one of the poorest nations on earth’ (Rohde, 2005: 29). With such large amounts of money being wielded by ‘democracy promoters’, their short term influences may impact heavily on both countries, yet perhaps the most significant effects of these media interventions will be felt in the long term. Previous case studies have shown that groups or individuals supported by ‘democracy promoters’ are expected to move on to fill leading roles within their societies." (Conclusion, page 124)
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