"The media landscape in Tonga is in a state of digital transition, as it adapts to increasing audience demand for digital content and associated challenges relating to misinformation and disinformation. The findings in this report highlight how increased internet access in Tonga has transformed the
...
media landscape – where traditional formats such as print have been almost entirely superseded by digital publishing. Concurrently, there has been a rise of online misinformation and disinformation. Radio was found to play a critical role in emergency broadcasting, keeping Tongans connected in times of natural disaster, when submarine internet cables may be vulnerable. The report uncovered media freedom in Tonga is challenged by laws which have the potential to supress and criminalise free speech, while the absence of a right to information law results in an opaque relationship between the media and government." (Conclusion, page 38)
more
"In January 2022 the subsea volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai in Tonga had a major eruption which also cut the country’s communication lines nationally, between Tonga’s inhabited islands and the outside world. The damage led to a complete halt in international communication (a “digital darkn
...
ess”) which meant that, in the period immediately after the outbreak, not much was known about the extent of the damage in Tonga. Due to very limited access to contact with both the authorities and the population of Tonga, it was only during overflights carried out by the Australian and New Zealand air forces that one could begin to map the extent of the damage and the need for assistance. The loss of digital communication lasted for five weeks and three days, and represents a unique natural experiment for how loss of data flows affects a society. The ways in which this situation was handled, and the services that were built, contain valuable lessons about digital vulnerabilities in the Global South, and how these can be accommodated." (Page 1)
more
"This report finds that the potential of ICTs to enable stronger governance, efective public service delivery and better government services is there. In all countries that are part of this study, critical foundational infrastructure is in place [...] But there’s still a lot to be unlocked. Increa
...
sed internet connectivity, the availability of mobile devices and online services and access to information are creating a greater demand from users to their governments. International donors similarly focus on the delivery of ‘digital aid’, using ICTs to provide international assistance more eficiently and efectively [...] The report reaches five main conclusions for the implementation of e-government and digital government initiatives, and it concludes with four recommendations for future programming of international support in the area of ICTs and e-government." (Summary)
more
"The research for this report was developed and undertaken between June 2012 and April 2013 across 14 Pacific Island nations: Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Republic of the Marshall Islands, Republic of Nauru, Niue, Republic of Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon I
...
slands, Tonga, Tuvalu, and Vanuatu. The report provides a regional overview of the PACMAS key components (Media Policy, Media Systems, Media Capacity Building and Media Content) as they emerged through 212 interviews focused upon the six PACMAS strategic areas. It also provides basic background information, an overview of the media and communications landscape and discusses in detail media and communications technicians; emergency broadcast systems, Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVETs), media associations, climate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). For this reason, observations on the four PACMAS components should be understood to represent changes in the media and communication environment based upon an investigation focused on the PACMAS strategic activities." (www.pacmas.org)
more
"This study draws together two bodies of work concerned with media pluralism, effectiveness, development and strengthening in the developing world. One is drawn from UNESCO’s global work on media assessment and impact indicators, the other from AusAID’s Pacific Media and Communications Facility
...
(PMCF) Situational Analysis and Needs Assessment (SANA) of the Pacific media sector. Both highlight the role that the media sector can play in processes of development and change, in supporting more effective forms of government and realising human rights. To some extent, the vitality of the media sector itself is regarded as a proxy indicator for the presence of better governance." (Introduction)
more
"This book brings together significant scholarly contributions on communication issues by researchers working across the region. It aims to create better understanding of what affects the communication and information flow in smaller nations and how these impact on national development, governance a
...
nd the creation of more cohesive societies. The value of such a book lies in the comparison it enables between different regions and countries at different levels of development. The work of the contributing authors provides glimpses of the prevalent issues and perspectives without necessarily providing a definitive picture of this diverse region. The editors hope this book will draw out significant relational possibilities by bringing together scholarly writing on communication issues and highlighting the perspectives of Pacific scholars and media practitioners, thus contributing to the knowledge base in Pacific Media Studies." (Publisher description)
more
"From the Taino Indians of the Caribbean, the U’wa of the Amazon rainforest, and the Tunomans and Assyrians of Iraq, to the Tingas and Zapatistas, Native on the Net is a lively and intriguing exploration of how new technologies have enabled these previously isolated peoples to reach new levels of
...
communication and community: creating new communities online, confronting global corporations, or even challenging their own native traditions. Featuring case studies ranging from the Artic to the Australian outback, this book addresses important recurrent themes, such as the relationship between identity and place, community, traditional cultures and the nature of the ‘indigenous’." (Publisher description)
more
"'Informing Citizens: opportunities for media and communications in the Pacific' reports on the findings of a situation analysis and needs assessment (SANA) of the capacity of the media, government and civil society to produce information on good governance in 14 Pacific Island Forum countries. The
...
report consists of 17 chapters in the following order: a regional overview chapter, a legislative overview chapter, a chapter on the findings of a news content analysis in the 14 countries, and 14 country chapters organised in alphabetical order, commencing with the Cook Islands. Chapter One, the Regional Overview, details the methodology for SANA, the principles which informed the research, and how the data was complied. The chapter contains an analysis of the major themes and issues that emerged in the 14 country chapters, divided into four sections: legislative environment, media sector, government sector, and civil society sector. It concludes with a list of regional strategies based on the research findings recommended by a SANA Reference Group of key stakeholders. Chapter Two, Freedom of Expression and Freedom of the Media, analyses the constitutional guarantees for freedom of expression, freedom of the media and the right to information in the Pacific Island countries surveyed. It also analyses the degree to which public service broadcasting and media legislation guarantees separation from government in some of the countries surveyed. Section 1, Legislative Environment, in the country chapters provides further detail on the media regulatory environment in each country and complements Chapter Two. Chapter Three, Pacific News Content Analysis, summarises the findings of the news content analysis conducted in the countries surveyed. Its focus is the coverage of news on governance issues. Appendix F contains the breakdown of the regional findings and the findings for each country in alphabetical order. Chapters Four to Seventeen consist of country chapters. Each country chapter summarises the research findings for that country under the four main headings, Legislative Environment, Media Sector, Government Sector, and Civil Society Sector." (Page ix)
more
"A UNESCO project designed to study "methods of establishing community newspapers in remote islands of the Pacific in conjunction with other community media, notably radio." An overview of the region gives background, the status and problems of broadcasting and print media, and recommandations, foll
...
owed by similar overviews of Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Fiji, Western Somoa, and Tonga. These are accompanied by maps and tables of facts and figures." (Eleanor Blum, Frances G. Wilhoit: Mass media bibliography. 3rd ed. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990 Nr. 849)
more
"The compilers point out that little attention has been paid to mass communication in most Pacific islands, and their research proves them correct. There is one citation each for Easter Island and Midway Island. Hawaii has almost 2,000. This Center for Cultural and Technical Interchange Between East
...
and West bibliography contains citations to 3,332 books, periodicals, articles, documents, and pamphlets, and covers the years 1854-1975, with some entries from 1976. Topics include the press, newspapers, freedom of the press, broadcasting, news agencies, organizations, radio broadcasting, cinema, and television in the Pacific Islands. Entries are arranged alphabetically by more than 20 island groupings and broken down into specific subject areas, rumbered, and arranged chronologically within those subjects. Richstad also produced The Pacific Islands Press: A Directory (East-West Communication Institute, 1973)." (Jo A. Cates: Journalism - a guide to the reference literature. Englewood, Col.: Libraries Unlimited, 2nd ed. 1997 nr. 99)
more