"This paper makes a critical appraisal of the impact of folksongs in entertainment education. The paper adopts historical methodology and is anchored on the social learning theory." (Abstract)
"La question de l'organisation du secteur des médias, à travers l'élaboration de cadres légaux et réglementaires adéquats, susceptibles de garantir le pluralisme et le respect d'un certain professionnalisme, conduit à se pencher sur les instances indépendantes de régulation de la communicat
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ion, qui sont au centre du texte proposé par Renaud de la Brosse. Au début des années 1990, ces instances sont apparues sur le continent, en particulier dans les pays francophones. Elles ont été mises en place à la fois pour répondre à des nécessités pratiques (l'octroi des fréquences dans le cadre des processus de libéralisation des ondes), politiques (la garantie de l'égal accès des forces politiques aux antennes des médias publics en période électorale) et démocratiques (l'imposition aux médias de missions de service public, en particulier pour ceux qui sont financés par les impôts du citoyen). Aujourd'hui, elles sont confrontées au défi de l'émergence des nouveaux médias, alors même que, bien souvent, elles ne sont pas encore parvenues à assurer leur indépendance vis-à-vis de l'exécutif et souffrent d'un manque de légitimité." (Introduction, page 8-9)
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"Many people in rural areas in Malawi lack access to information due to illiteracy and the unavailability of reliable sources of information. There is also an absence of a proper forum where rural ordinary people can express their views and have their voices heard. However, in communities where ther
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e are community radio stations, the stations are helping create spaces for ordinary people to participate in public life by setting up radio listening clubs (RLCs). This article examines how RLCs offer ordinary people opportunities for mediated participation in public debate and for self-representation. Based on face-to-face interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation, the article argues that the organization of listeners into RLCs by community radio stations enables ordinary people to receive and discuss crucial information and hold debate on issues of interest. As such, the RLCs possess some characteristics of the public sphere; hence the reference to them as alternative public spheres." (Abstract)
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"It is my pleasure to introduce this report on the contribution of International Media Support and our partners to important changes in the Zimbabwean media sector over the past decade. Impact—or ‘contribution towards change’ as we term it in this report— is often an elusive, hard-to-illustr
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ate product of our combined efforts as media development organisations, donors and partners in the contexts in which we work. But, as this report and the methodology behind it hopefully demonstrate, it is not impossible to document and communicate impact in an illustrative and accessible way. First launched in 2005, the Zimbabwe Media Programme’s support to Zimbabwe’s media workers and media institutions, has grown gradually and organically over the years. As this report details, one of the more notable changes that the programme has successfully contributed towards, is the inclusion of improved freedom of expression and access to information provisions in Zimbabwe’s 2013 constitution. Through a national strategy for the development of the country’s media driven by the needs and demands of media sector stakeholders, this successful contribution built on a solid foundation of close collaboration between media and civil society inside the country as well as among international media development actors and donors outside it. It reflects a real-world manifestation of key aid effectiveness principles that include national ownership, alignment, harmonisation and mutual accountability. Principles that IMS, our partners and our donors strive for so that we may improve the quality, and indeed further the impact, of our combined efforts. Despite the successful work of the Zimbabwe Media Programme, plenty of challenges lie ahead. In February 2015, nearly two years after Zimbabwe’s new constitution was approved full of democratic promises, the vast majority of its new provisions had still not been implemented through law or practice. To deepen the existing results of the work of the Zimbabwe Media Programme and to further the democratic reform of the media sector overall, everyone involved needs to be ready to leverage the opportunities that arrive as the social, political and economic landscape in the country continues to evolve. That means we must continue to support the critical work of our media and civil society partners in Zimbabwe so that they are ready to seize new opportunities to expand on the democratic gains they have worked so hard to achieve." (Foreword)
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"We are very happy to publish the second edition of The World through Picture Books, enriched with sixteen new annotated lists. This new edition proves even more the very enthusiastic, skilled participation of librarians and the great success of this international programme. The programme deals with
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something we children’s librarians must never lose sight of, even if we are so busy with new technologies, budget restrictions, everyday work…: read children’s books and choose the best ones for our readers. And what does “best” mean? One thing it surely means is very good books from the readers’ own country and from as many other countries as possible… This is why, inspired by Kazuko Yoda’s request to our Committee for advice on the” top ten” picture books in Committee members’ countries, we launched “The World through Picture Books” programme in 2011. Librarians from fifty-two countries (or parts of countries) have made their choices which we publish here, with book presentations in the thirty-seven languages of publication, together with the English translation. Papers on picture books in several countries were presented at IFLA conferences in Helsinki, Singapore and Lyon and are on-line. Thanks to publishers’ generosity, two sets of touring book exhibitions were made, that have been shown in Finland, Japan, Korea, Italy, France, Reunion Island and Serbia. These collections are based in the National Libraries of France and Japan and are available to be booked by any country wishing to exhibit them." (Foreword)
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"This ethnographic study used focus group discussions to investigate and gather ideographical information about why statistics from the Nankumba region of Mangochi in Malawi, where, from 2008 to 2010, Farm Radio International implemented the African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI) - a meticul
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ously and almost flawlessly planned hybrid maize variety promotion radio campaign - consistently showed that farmers preferred local to the promoted hybrid maize varieties before, during, and after the participatory community radio campaigns. The study found that in determining which maize varieties to opt for, farmers consider not only volume of yield per unit area but also taste, smell, flour extraction rate, and storability of the maize. The study further observes that preference of local maize varieties over hybrid is not restricted to rural farmers. Thus, farmer exposure to and participation in radio campaigns may increase awareness and knowledge as did the AFRRI campaign, but may not necessarily lead the farmers and consumers into adopting new maize varieties, technologies or innovations." (Abstract)
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"Dans cet article, je réfléchis à la relation entre don et marché éditorial en Afrique francophone ainsi qu’à son évolution. Comme je l’observe, l’intensification du don et la diffusion de l’idée qu’il n’y a pas de livres en Afrique coïncide avec l’essor de ce que l’on appel
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le ‘la mondialisation éditoriale’ à partir du début des années 80. Je relève par ailleurs que cette période correspond à la mise en place du plan d’ajustement structurel (PAS) par les institutions dites ‘de Bretton-Woods’. Dans les années qui suivront, le secteur éditorial sera un des premiers touchés par les mesures d’austérité imposées par les bailleurs internationaux [...] Comme je l’observe, le don de livres importé par une diversité de structures occupe une place historique en Afrique francophone, participant à l’omniprésence de l’édition du Nord. L’édition africaine se trouve alors réduite à la portion congrue de 10% des livres présents en librairies. Idem pour le livre scolaire, monopolisé à plus de 80% par l’édition étrangère, essentiellement française. Un des arguments prioritaires du don de livre en Afrique, c’est qu’il n’y a pas (ou pas assez) de livres. C’est en fait, peut-être, l’inverse: il y a un monopole du livre étranger qui ne permettrait pas au livre africain de rayonner suffisamment pour être connu/reconnu dans le monde. Le don serait donc la ‘fin de chaine’ d’un processus de minorisation: il contribuerait à la sous-représentation documentaire, voire à la dévalorisation des productions africaines, véhiculant l’image d’un continent de friche éditoriale… Mais tout comme cette vision est simplificatrice, il est réducteur de limiter le don à un processus strictement inégalitaire et partie prenante d’un système économique et idéologique de domination culturelle: c’est précisément cette diversité du don qui en rend l’analyse passionnante. Dans cet article, je propose une analyse des pratiques de don et de ses différents visages en Afrique francophone. Comme je le montre, son évolution est intrinsèquement liée à une histoire institutionnelle et aux relations de coopération développées entre États africains et bailleurs internationaux, depuis le matin même des Indépendances (fin des années 50/début des années 60). Celles-ci ont tout d’abord concerné séparément les développements structurel et culturel, avant que ne commence à naitre une idée de culture comme condition du développement économique." (Résumé, page 5-6)
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"This background paper provides an overview of the history and context of interactive media and public opinion in Zambia. It is prepared as part of Politics and Interactive Media in Africa (PiMA) - a collaborative study involving the University of Cambridge, University of Nairobi and University of Z
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ambia. The main objectives of the PiMA project are: (a) to explore the extent to which media interactivity is widening (and deepening) political participation in Africa; (b) to investigate how public opinion is collected and represented by African media and for what (and whose) purposes; and (c) to establish the extent to which public opinion expressed via interactive media affects accountability mechanisms and policy-makers’ behaviour. The primary purpose of this background paper is to provide a political and policy context to the Zambian case study, and introduce the history and context of interactive media in Zambia. The paper is organised into four sections. The first section provides a brief history to the evolution of broadcast media in Zambia. The second section outlines the legal and policy context of broadcasting in Zambia. The third section discusses the state of interactive media in Zambia and its attendant challenges. The fourth section examines the state of public opinion formation through media platforms." (Introduction, page 4)
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"This author started elaborating aspects of the present synthesis of strains of debates in African cinema following the “Semaphores and Surfaces” conference on African cinema held at Princeton University on November 1–3, 2013—co-organized by Wendy Belcher and Beatriz Leal Riesco and featurin
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g several scholars of African cinema and media." (Abstract)
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"From the beginning of the process of opening up in the early 1990s, to the start of the 2000s, Francophone countries in Africa have been seen as ‘in transition‘, ‘emerging democracies‘ or ‘undergoing democratic consolidation‘. Their media were analysed through the lens of the ‘transit
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ion‘ paradigm. But these regimes are not ‘on their way to democracy‘: they are meant to remain as they are, mixing democratic features and authoritarian traits. Their media landscape reflects this situation, showing both characteristics of a democratic media system and some authoritarian features, generally in hidden form. These media systems can therefore be labeled ‘pluralist authoritarian‘, which seems to be a contradiction at first glance, until a distinction is made between the façade and what lies beneath. In the façade we see a pluralist media landscape, a market open to private initiatives, an absence of a priori control over media content, a diversity of political parties able to interact with media outlets, and journalists who have gained autonomy through the establishment of their own principles of conduct, professional organisations and self-regulatory bodies. But behind the façade, media outlets have to face maneuvering from those in power who wish to control the flow of information through direct political pressure, indirect economic obstacies, dominance on the public media, and manipulation of the legal framework and judicial system. Analysing the media systems of Francophone countries in Africa in the light of the ‘semi-authoritarian‘ paradigm, and not as ‘consolidating democratic media sectors‘ or 'emerging liberal media markets‘, gives a clearer perspective on the issues at stake right now in that part of the continent, and should be a challenge for future researchers publishing in this journal." (Conclusion)
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"Language is a major tool for governance and dissemination of information. Citizens need to participate effectively in discourse pertaining to their private and public interests and enterprises in order to understand matters of development and governance. The proliferation of vernacular radio statio
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ns in Kenya, which continues despite the absence of state moderating and promotion structures, could be an ideal platform for educating citizens. The aim of this paper is to find out the role that vernacular language as used by Kass FM radio station plays in development. The method that was used for data collection is purposive sampling. The results indicate that, vernacular radio plays a major role in creating awareness among citizens at the grassroots levels through topics revolving around education, agriculture, politics & governance and healthcare. This is done in among other ways through the borrowing and adaptation of technical words from English and Kiswahili. These stations need to be accorded direct government support in terms of diversification of programming and mainstreaming of vernacular language to achieve the Kenyan government developmental benchmarks enumerated in the vision 2030." (Abstract)
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"Training and educating of journalists around the world with the aim of enhancing free and independent media has been a major field of media development cooperation for decades. Nevertheless, the state of scientific research in this area remains limited, specifically with regard to the status quo of
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journalism education in developing countries. The academic research project on International Journalism Education Standards (IJES) was initiated by Deutsche Welle Akademie’s International Media Studies program with the goal to help close this gap. This publication contains the research results of the IJES research poject´s comparative study about the standards of journalism education in four developing countries: Colombia, Kenya, Myanmar and Egypt." (Publisher description)
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"Ethnographische Methoden haben heute in alle kultur- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen Eingang gefunden. Auch in der Medienforschung spielen sie eine zentrale Rolle. Dieses Handbuch trägt die Methodendiskussion in der Medienethnologie zusammen und entwickelt sie am Beispiel konkreter Feldfo
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rschungsberichte weiter: Die dichte Beschreibung von Medienpraktiken, eine kritische Verortung der Subjektivität im Feld und der Fokus auch auf die Methoden der Beforschten sind zentrale Elemente der Beiträge." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Die südafrikanischen Tageszeitungen Daily Sun, Sowetan, The Citizen und The Star repräsentieren die vier dominierenden Medienverlage in Südafrika und berichteten im April und Mai 2015 alle über Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Migration. Die meisten Artikel in der Stichprobe stammten von der Zeitung St
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ar. Die Berichterstattung aller Zeitungen war in Bezug auf die Bezeichnung von Ausländern neutral. Bezüglich der Beschreibung und Assoziation mit bestimmten Themenfeldern fiel auf, dass Ausländer überwiegend als Opfer dargestellt wurden. Zitate werden in der Berichterstattung vor allem dazu genutzt, Fremdenfeindlichkeit zu verurteilen. Allerdings ist die Assoziation von Ausländern mit Illegalität immer noch sehr präsent. Diese Assoziation wird durch überzeichnende Metaphern häufig noch gestützt. Bezüglich der einzelnen Zeitungen fällt auf, dass die Berichterstattung des Stars im Vergleich negativer gegenüber Ausländern und Migration ausfällt." (Zusammenfassung, Seite 10)
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"Public understanding of humanitarian emergencies tends to focus on one story and one type of victim. Examples are manifold: amputees in Sierra Leone, victims of kidnapping in Colombia, or victims of chemical weapons in Syria. At times, the aid community, and the media in turn, seizes upon a particu
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lar injustice - landmines, female genital mutilation and child soldiers are examples from recent decades - and directs resources and attention its way. Similarly, thematic trends tend to dominate aid discourse, with funding proposals to donors replete with references to the framework du jour. In a related phenomenon highlighted by author and aid worker Fiona Terry, "[w]ords are commandeered to give a new gloss to familiar themes: 'capacity building' became 'empowerment', which has now become 'resilience'". In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the conflict has been largely defined by sexual violence, and raped women are its most prominent victims." (Abstract)
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