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Topics
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
22
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
20
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
13
Islam and Communication
13
Arab Cinema, Middle Eastern Cinema
12
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
12
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
12
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
11
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
11
War Reporting
11
Female Journalists & Media Workers
11
Media / Communication Control
10
Censorship
10
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
10
Satellite Television
10
Social Media
9
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
9
International Communication
9
Jihad
9
Muslim Digital Media & Online Communities
9
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
8
Christian Television
8
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
8
News Agencies
8
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
8
Islamist Communications & Media
8
Al-Jazeera
8
Book Publishing
7
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
7
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
7
Journalism Education & Training
7
Press Landscapes
7
Politics and Media
7
Freedom of Expression
6
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
6
Extremism & Terrorism Reporting
6
Globalisation of Media
6
Transnational Television, International Television
6
Media, Mass Media
6
Media & Communication Policies
6
Newspapers
6
Fundamentalisms (Religious)
6
Muslim Television Broadcasting
6
Television
6
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
5
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
5
Cinema
5
Films
5
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
5
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
5
Journalism Ethics
5
Journalism
5
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
5
Media Law & Regulation
5
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
5
Politics
5
Arab Spring (2010-2012)
5
Propaganda
5
Political Transition and Media
5
Public Spheres
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Advertising
4
Audiences & Users
4
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
4
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
4
Book Markets & Industries
4
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
4
Film Industries
4
Media Assistance: Film Funding
4
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
4
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
4
Terrorism
4
Extremist Recruitment through Media
4
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
4
Modernization Development Approaches, Developmentalism
4
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
4
Press Markets
4
Feminism & Communication
4
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
4
Foreign News, International News
4
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
4
World Information and Communication Order
4
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
4
Associations & Networks of Journalists
4
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
4
Journalists
4
Arabic Language
4
Media Assistance
4
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
4
Media & Information Literacy
4
Democracy / Democratization and Media
4
Research in Media & Communication
4
Non-Western Communication Approaches
4
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
3
Book Trade & Distribution
3
History of Book Publishing
3
Child Migrants, Child Refugees, Child Diasporas
3
Film Training & Film Schools
3
Television Programme & Format Trade
3
Alternative Communication & Media
3
Participatory Communication
3
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
3
Collective Identities & Media
3
Social Change & Media / Communication
3
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
3
Internet
3
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
3
Economy
3
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
3
COVID-19 Communication
3
Arab World / Middle East: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
3
Foreign Correspondents
3
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
3
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
3
Investigative Journalism
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Television News
3
Media Assistance: Middle East
3
Television Landscapes
3
Human Rights Violations
3
Political Communication
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Media Effects
3
Religion and Communication
3
Islam
3
Islamism
3
Religious Television Programmes
3
Social Change
3
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
3
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Advertising Markets & Industries
2
Transnational Advertising, International Advertising
2
Advocacy & Political Films
2
Internet & Social Media Use: Women
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
2
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Children's Books & Literature
2
Copyright: Books
2
Muslim Book Publishing
2
Catholic Church and Communication
2
Coptic Orthodox Church
2
Christian Radios
2
Sat-7 (Television Channel)
2
African Cinema
2
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
2
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Film Distribution
2
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
2
Transnational Film Co-Productions
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Government Communication Strategies
2
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
2
Community Radios
2
Graffiti, Wall Paintings, Street Art
2
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
2
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
2
Religious Communication in Conflicts & Peacebuilding
2
Culture and Communication, Culture and Media
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
Culture (General)
2
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
2
Development and Media
2
Development Communication Theories
2
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
2
Digital Media, Internet & Religion
2
Religious Apps
2
Religious Digital & Social Media Practices
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
2
Digital & Information Literacy
2
E-Governance, E-Democracy
2
Indigenous Digital & Social Media Communication
2
Internet Shutdowns
2
Social Media in Political Communication
2
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
2
Twitter & Microblogs
2
Instagram
2
YouTube
2
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICTs and Development
2
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
2
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
2
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
2
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
2
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
2
Music Industries & Markets
2
Television Markets
2
Educational Television
2
Literacy, Literacy Campaigns, Postliteracy, Alphabetisation Policies
2
Gaming, Video Games
2
Political Parody and Satire
2
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Defamation Law & Regulation
2
Gender & Religious Communication
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
2
Gender Relations
2
Women (General)
2
Women's Magazines, Women's Press
2
Good Practice Examples
2
History of Communication: Islam
2
Nazism
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
2
Image Abroad
2
International Media & Communication Policies
2
Media in the Global South / Developing Countries
2
News
2
Photojournalism
2
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
2
Science Journalism
2
Media & Communication Terminologies
2
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
2
Deutsche Welle DW Akademie
2
Media Assistance: Mapping of Programs & Donors
2
Media Assistance: Refugees
2
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
2
Media Literacy Policies
2
Radio Landscapes
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Deutsche Welle
2
Forced Migration, Forced Displacement
2
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
2
Framing
2
Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers, Elites
2
Press
2
Public Service Broadcasting
2
Media Psychology, Communication Psychology
2
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
2
Antisemitism
2
Society
2
Revolutions
2
Telecommunications
2
Telecommunication Infrastructure
2
Television Channels
2
Television Programmes & Genres
2
Visual Communication
2
Visual Cultures
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
1
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising Agencies
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Indigenous People
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Film & Video Advocacy / Activism
1
Area & Regional Studies
1
Geography
1
Audience Composition
1
Audience Expectations & Satisfaction
1
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
1
Digital & Social Media Use: Children
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Media Use, Media Consumption
1
Media Use: Influence of Religion
1
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
1
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
1
Media Use: Women, Female Media Audiences
1
Television Use: Youth
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Religious Media Use, Religious Media Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
1
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
1
Book Design & Production
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Book Policies (National & International)
1
Book Professionals Education & Training
1
Children's Books: Picture Books
1
Gender and Book Publishing
1
Professional, Specialist & Technical Books
1
Scholarly Book Publishing, Academic Book Publishing
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Transnational Book Publishing
1
Campaign Strategies
1
Campaigning: Experiences
1
Digital Media Campaigns
1
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Presencia (Newspaper, Bolivia)
1
Télé Lumière (Catholic Television Channel, Lebanon)
1
Opus Dei
1
Church History
1
World Youth Day (Catholic Church)
1
Children and Media
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Children's Films
1
Religious Contents & Meanings in Cartoons & Comics
1
Christian Communication
1
Bible, Biblical Theology
1
Adventist Church
1
Anglican Churches
1
Baptist Churches
1
Evangelical Churches
1
Lutheran Churches
1
Mennonites, Amish, Hutterites, Anabaptist Churches
1
Methodist Churches
1
Orthodox Churches
1
Pentecostal Churches
1
Reformed / United Churches
1
Christian Radio Programmes
1
Christian Radios: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Al Hayat (Television Channel)
1
Coptic Television (CTV) (Television Channel, Egypt)
1
Televangelism
1
Christian Websites
1
Christian Minorities
1
Digital & Social Media Pastoral
1
World Council of Churches (WCC)
1
Missionary Communication, Media & Evangelisation
1
Pentecostal Churches & Communication
1
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
1
Aesthetics in Film & Visual Communication
1
Cinema in the Global South & Third Cinema
1
Film & Gender
1
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
1
Film and Society
1
Film Trade, Film Export & Import
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Educational Films & Videos
1
Nollywood
1
Film Markets
1
Film Music
1
Latin American Cinema
1
Videos
1
Communication Rights
1
Freedom of Expression Principles
1
Plagiarism
1
Self-Censorship
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Crisis Communication
1
Public Relations
1
Community Communication
1
Alternative Press
1
Community Media
1
Oral Cultures & Traditions, Oral History, Oral Testimonies
1
Storytelling
1
Traditional Music
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Wars
1
Humanitarian Interventions
1
Iraq-Kuwait Gulf War (1990-1991)
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive / Peace Communication
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Cyberwarfare, Cyber Operations: Attacking Enemy Computers, Software, and Control Systems
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Information Warfare, Psychological Warfare
1
Trauma, Coping with Trauma, Trauma Therapy
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Violence in the Media
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Aesthetics in Media & Communication
1
Media Ethnography
1
Theatre
1
Religious Art
1
Cultural Domination, Media Imperialism, Cultural & Media Dependency
1
Cultural Change
1
Cultural Identity
1
Cultural Studies
1
Literature
1
Narratives, Narrative Structures
1
Poetry
1
Tales, Legends, Traditional Literary Lore
1
Manuscripts, Scripture, Calligraphy
1
Development Assistance
1
Development Theories
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Communication for Social Change
1
Development Communication Research
1
Edutainment Television Programmes
1
Poverty Reduction: Role of Media
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Cyberfaith / Virtual Spirituality
1
Digital Research Methods
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
Media Assistance: Digital Journalism & Social Media
1
Chat
1
WeChat (Messaging, Social Media & Mobile Payment App, China)
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Online Magazines & Newspapers
1
Internet Markets
1
Netflix
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Facebook
1
Influencers (Social Media)
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
TikTok
1
WhatsApp
1
Websites
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
Female ICT Sector Personnel / Professionals
1
ICT Policies
1
ICT Regulation
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Information Management
1
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
1
Libraries
1
Library Cataloguing & Classification
1
Economics of Media
1
Media Monopolies & Oligopolies
1
Media Industries
1
Television Industries
1
Media Markets
1
Entertainment Media Industries & Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Media Ownership
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Foreign Investments
1
Education and Communication / Media
1
Adult Education
1
Civic Education: Use & Role of Media
1
Educational Radios
1
Educational Radio Programmes
1
Radio Schools
1
Educational Games, Serious Games
1
Gender & Education
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Mentoring
1
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Environmental Communication
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Religion and Environment
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Evaluation Methods, Evaluation Tools
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Feminist Media
1
Gender & Television
1
Gender Media Studies & Feminist Communication Research
1
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
1
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
1
Health Communication
1
Counselling
1
Health Campaigns: Experiences
1
History of Media & Communication
1
Colonial Period
1
History of Radio
1
History of the Press
1
Second World War (1939-1945)
1
Indigenous Journalists & Communicators
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Cross-Cultural Analysis
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Developing Countries Reporting & Representation in Foreign / International Media
1
Foreign Television Programmes
1
Communication Rights in the Information Society (CRIS)
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Foreign Countries, Cultures & Politics
1
Sputnik (Russian State News Portal & Radio Broadcast Service)
1
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
1
Transnational Journalism Cooperation & News Exchange
1
International Relations
1
European Union (EU)
1
UNESCO
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
Journalists' Associations & Networks: International Cooperation & Assistance
1
Journalistic Quality
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Mobile Journalism, Video Journalism
1
Death & Grief: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Election Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Religion: Media Representation
1
Judaism: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Language
1
Language and Media
1
Rhetorics, Public Speaking, Speeches
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
France: Media Assistance
1
Digital News Initiative (Digital Journalism Assistance Programme, Google)
1
European Endowment for Democracy (EED)
1
Media Assistance Donors: Multilateral Organizations
1
CFI (French Media Assistance Organization)
1
Media Assistance: Lessons Learned
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
USA: Media Assistance
1
Communication Systems
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Interpersonal Communication, Interpersonal Relations
1
Media Literacy: Curricula
1
Media Literacy: Teacher Training
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Judiciary & Penal System
1
Media Governance
1
Media Law & Regulation: Muslim Countries
1
Sharia, Fatwas
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Media Management
1
Coaching
1
Crowdfunding
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Broadcasting Companies
1
Newspaper Management
1
BBC
1
Diasporas
1
Migrants
1
Khashoggi, Jamal (1958-2018)
1
Lerner, Daniel (1917-1980)
1
Photography
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Military
1
Political Doctrines
1
Capitalism
1
Political Extremism
1
Populism
1
Right-Wing Extremism
1
Socialism
1
Democracy
1
Failed States
1
Political Transition
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Radicalisation: Influence of Media
1
Public Opinion
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Monitoring
1
Radio
1
Satellite Radios
1
Parasocial Interaction
1
Persuasive Communication
1
Manipulation
1
Personality
1
Socialization
1
Social Integration: Role of Media
1
COVID-19 Pandemic & Religion
1
Taliban
1
Images in Religion, Images of God
1
Indigenous & Traditional Religions, Indigenous Cosmovisions
1
Muslim Media
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Islam
1
Judaism and Communication
1
Religion (General)
1
Religion and Politics
1
Religion and State
1
Spirituality
1
Symbols: Religious
1
World Religions
1
Youth & Religious Communication
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
1
Systems Analysis
1
Comparative Approaches & Methods in Communication Research
1
Interviewing (Journalistic Genre)
1
Rural Communication, Media in Rural Areas
1
Violence
1
Disappeared People, Missing People
1
Nomades
1
Industrial Society
1
Mass Society
1
Social Movements
1
Society & Media, Media Sociology
1
Traditional Society
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Digital Television
1
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
1
Short Wave Radio (SW)
1
Television Transmitters
1
Internet Bandwith, Broadband & Backbone Networks
1
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
1
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
1
Al-Arabiya
1
Al-Hurra (Television Channel)
1
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
1
Theories of Communication & Media
1
Urban Communication, Urban Media
1
Suburbs, Poor Districts, Slums, Shanty Towns
1
User-Generated Contents
1
Illustrations, Pictures, Images
1
Visual Representations
1
Youth and Media
1
Youth Activism, Youth Civic Engagement, Youth Political Interests, Youth Protests
1
Youth Cultures, Youth Milieus, Youth Identities
1
Youth Television Programmes
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"By the time readers arrive at the end of Jones’s astonishing examination of social media in the Middle East, they will be completely persuaded that it is now impossible to tell whether anything they read online is true. Replete with bots and sock puppets, trolls and dupes, this online world is bo ... more

Catalyst or Destabiliser? COVID-19 and its Impact on the Media Landscape Worldwide

Berlin: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) (2021), 159 pp.
"In terms of quality of media coverage, there are various outcomes: In Asia, for example, small and independent outlets, able to provide reliable information, gained momentum, whereas citizens in the MENA-region turned to social media in search of trustworthy facts on the coronavirus. In South-Easte ... more
"The pandemic marks a new technological milestone in audiences’ media usage and habits, one that has thus far been both positive – through the interconnectedness and agency – and negative – because of a lack of access for some – for cultural diversity and intercultural relations. The adopt ... more
"1. Social Media Users in MEA (Middle East and Africa) spend the most time on social networks, averaging over 3.5 hours per day. Internet users in the MEA have an average of 8.4 social media accounts, research reveals. UAE, with an average of 10.5 accounts, has “the highest number of social media ... more
"This work highlights ten years of support for media development in the Arab world, telling the story through photos, eye-witness accounts, journalist profiles and personal experiences. Ten years spent alongside men and women playing an active role in civil society, committed to citizen-centred, div ... more
"This book provides an original contribution to current social and cultural theory on Arab social movements by giving a fuller historical and critical treatment of contemporary artistic and cultural production from the region and beyond. Thematically structured and covering culture, media, politics, ... more
"This article examines the relationship between fake news and social media as increasingly important sources of news, at a time when mainstream media no longer have exclusive control over news production and dissemination. It has been evident that few media outlets and professionals tend to draw con ... more

Global Journalism: Understanding World Media Systems

Lanham et al.: Rowman & Littlefield (2021), xv, 239 pp.
"[This book] provides an overview of the key issues in global journalism today and traces how media systems have evolved over time in different world regions. Taking into account local context as well as technological change across media industries, the book offers an up-to-date, thorough overview o ... more
"DW Akademie commissioned field studies in the following six Middle Eastern and Northern African countries in 2019/20: Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The initiative to carry out these studies stems from DW Akademie’s long-standing experience in the MENA region and the identi ... more
"DW Akademie commissioned field studies in the following six Middle Eastern and Northern African countries in 2019/20: Lebanon, Jordan, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco. The initiative to carry out these studies stems from DW Akademie’s long-standing experience in the MENA region and the identi ... more
"Comprising 39 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Handbook is divided into six general themes: Gendered identities; Visualizing gender; The politics of gender; Gendered contexts and strategies; Gendered violence and communication; Gendered advocacy in action These sections examine ... more
"In Moldova, a series of hackathons led to the development of tech-based solutions to misinformation. In Ecuador, indigenous groups wrote their own stories on Wikipedia to strengthen their culture's representation and publicly correct misinformation. In Uganda, citizen journalists established a netw ... more

Women's Activism and New Media in the Arab World

Albany: State University of New York Press (2020), xiv, 152 pp.
"Following the Arab Spring events in 2011, a number of important women's social movements as well as female figures and online communities emerged to create positive change and demand equality with men. In Women's Activism and New Media in the Arab World author Ahmed Al-Rawi discusses and maps out n ... more
"Die DW Akademie sammelt und dokumentiert die Wirkungen ihrer Projekte auf verschiedenen Ebenen, mit verschiedenen Methoden. Dazu zählen zunächst drei Wege, die heute Standard in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit sind: erstens angewandte Studien, die neues Wissen über Wirkungen ermöglichen, zweiten ... more
"This study examines the ways in which Arab citizens, as media users, could be enabled to influence news media conduct and thus enhance media practicioners’ commitment toward ethical journalistic practices and standards, particularly accuracy, balance and fairness. It aims to explore the possibili ... more
"This report is the eighth in an annual series of publications, dating back to 2012, designed to share the latest stories, trends and research in social media usage from across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Using a wide variety of academic, industry and media sources, this White Paper ide ... more