"This exploratory study analyses the functions and implications of participatory video projects in rural development settings. The term ‘participatory video’ refers to a bundle of innovative usages of video technology which enjoy growing popularity in many corners of the world. After the first t
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rials in the late 1960s participatory video has developed into several different directions and there is no consensus of what the term actually stands for. In the current literature participatory video is closely associated to the burgeoning field of participatory approaches such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), even though its application goes beyond the idea of participatory research and learning in many instances. There is by no means a consistent, established way of using the tool; experience and knowledge about what good practice is differ from person to person and in the literature. This study therefore categorises the varying approaches into a typology based on a review of the relatively scarce literature on the subject. Through a conceptual distinction of different project goals, three basic kinds of participatory video are identified, i. e. therapy-, activism- and empowerment-type video. The central part of the study consists of three case studies, from Mexico, Tanzania, and Vietnam respectively. In each of these the functions and implications of participatory video use are identified. A particular focus is put on the second case study, the ‘Fisherfolks’ Project’, as the relatively biggest amount of background information has been available. A number of theories and concepts are tested on this case in order to deepen the understanding of the potentials and limitations of participatory video." (Abstract)
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"The primary objective of this research has been to review the experiences and analyse the role of the mainline churches in advocacy in support of human rights, democracy and poverty alleviation in Africa. It has set out to identify what is the particular contribution that churches can bring to such
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advocacy, and what opportunities exist for mutual support from other organisations involved in campaigning for human rights and democratic development. In particular the relationship between church-related NGOs in Europe and the mainline churches in Africa for advocacy work is examined. The analysis is based on an examination of three issues that are considered to be critical to the effective involvement of churches in advocacy: the external linkages and relationships of the church to other groups in society; the organisational implications of engaging in advocacy; and thirdly the ideological and theological positioning of the Church. Case studies were conducted on: the role of the National Council of Churches in Kenya (NCCK) in advocating for human rights and democracy; the role of the churches in Malawi in the transition to a multi-party democracy, and the role of the churches in advocating on economic issues in Zambia." (Abstract)
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"In 1999, Sudan's Arabic periodical press observes its hundredth anniversary. A century before, and one year after the collapse of the Mahdist state (1881–98), the British-dominated “Anglo-Egyptian“ regime (1898–1956) launched an official Arabic-English gazette. Four years later, Lebanese jo
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urnalists founded the region's first independent Arabic newspaper, catering to an audience of Egyptians and Lebanese employed by the new government. These expatriates sparked an interest in journalism among educated Northern Sudanese men, who within a few years of the newspaper's debut were avidly subscribing and contributing to journals." (Abstract)
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"André-Jean Tudesq présente ici la situation et les enjeux des médias en Afrique subsaharienne. Afin d'apporter les informations les plus fiables, l'auteur s'est documenté aux meilleures sources africaines, anglaises, portugaises et françaises. Tout en rappelant que l'importance des médias est
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inégale selon les pays, il montre que si la radio est le média le plus répandu, la télévision s'affirme comme un puissant agent de mondialisation, pour le meilleur et pour le pire. Les médias, déjà témoins et reflets de l'évolution des sociétés africaines, deviennent de plus en plus de véritables acteurs de la vie politique. Rédigé par un spécialiste international qui fait autorité en la matière, ce livre dresse un panorama très complet de la réalité médiatique en Afrique subsaharienne." (Description de la maison d'édition)
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"From outbreaks of the flesh eating viruses Ebola and Strep A, to death camps in Bosnia and massacres in Rwanda, the media seem to careen from one trauma to another, in a breathless tour of poverty, disease and death. First we're horrified, but each time they turn up the pitch, show us one image mor
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e hideous than the next, it gets harder and harder to feel. Meet compassion fatigue--a modern syndrome, Susan Moeller argues, that results from formulaic media coverage, sensationalized language and overly Americanized metaphors. In her impassioned new book, Compassion Fatigue, Moeller warns that the American media threatens our ability to understand the world around us. Why do the media cover the world in the way that they do? Are they simply following the marketplace demand for tabloid-style international news? Or are they creating an audience that as seen too much--or too little--to care? Through a series of case studies of the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse--disease, famine, death and war--Moeller investigates how newspapers, newsmagazines and television have covered international crises over the last two decades, identifying the ruts into which the media have fallen and revealing why. Throughout, we hear from industry insiders who tell of the chilling effect of the mega- media mergers, the tyranny of the bottom-line hunt for profits, and the decline of the American attention span as they struggle to both tell and sell a story. But Moeller is insistent that the media need not, and should not, be run like any other business. The media have a special responsibility to the public, and when they abdicate this responsibility and the public lapses into a compassion fatigue stupor, we become a public at great danger to ourselves." (Publisher description)
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"A collection of thirty-six papers, report-backs and discussions from the Zimbabwe International Book Fair Indaba 1999. The papers are grouped in four parts: those from the plenary sessions; Publishing; Writing; Research; and Access." (Hans M. Zell, Publishing, Books & Reading in Sub-Saharan Africa,
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3d ed. 2008, nr. 2416)
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"In Uganda, the development of communications materials has evolved from production orientated single-issue vertical project approaches to a process involving a broad-based programme arrangement working with a large stakeholder base. This assessment examined the various processes used in the develop
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ment of communications materials in Government of Uganda-UNICEF programmes. The assessment focused in particular on the influence of the various processes on stakeholder ownership and use and aimed to determine whether opportunity costs incurred by each process development method were justified. Methodology for the assessment involved the examination of all communications materials produced since the beginning of the restructured country programme and the categorization of these materials according to the process used in their development. Materials were categorized according to their specific purpose and considered the development in terms of initial organization Interviews with all those involved in materials development were conducted individually and in groups. A detailed analysis of six cases, each representing a category of material development, was then conducted. The findings of the assessment were presented as a series of tables which allowed for cross comparisons of the various methods used in the development of communications materials. The single most important element in the development of successful materials was the appropriate participation and involvement of the stakeholders. Participation which allowed transparency in decision making and clarity in accountability was most significant, underlining the importance of ownership of materials in the development process. The second significant finding of the study was the importance of choosing a process appropriate to the needs of the materials which are to be developed. Guidelines to assist in this choice were developed as part of the assessment. Another key issues which influenced the process of materials development were lack of effective facilitation in group process. The role of effective conceptualization was also examined. Those undertaking the assessment observed that the most successful materials development processes were those which began with a clear set of goals, objectives and activities. Recommendations of the assessment included the establishment of ‘facilitation unit’ within the UNICEF office, with counterparts in the government, to support the implementation of materials development." (Review by Noreen Prendiville, Kenya, cited from the "Annotated Bibliography of Evaluations in Africa": http://www.geocities.com/afreval/documents/education.htm, 10.04.2007)
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"With the increasing use of PRA methods and practices by NGOs, governments and multinational agencies, the potential impact for poor people is phenomenal. The book demonstrates the far-reaching implications of such approaches for the development sector. It is presented in an easily readable three pa
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rt structure. Part 1 explores case studies in which participatory methods and approaches have been used to influence policy, Part 2 concentrates on PPA (Participatory Poverty Analysis), an innovative approach designed to bring local poverty and policy analysis into the policy process, and Part 3 discusses key issues arising during the Institute of Development Studies workshop, and includes chapters by several participants." (Catalogue Intermediate Technology Publications 2000)
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