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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
48
Media Law & Regulation
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Media Freedom, Press Freedom
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Journalism Education & Training
23
Journalistic Quality
18
Media Management
18
Associations & Networks of Journalists
16
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
15
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
14
Audiences & Users
11
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
11
Media & Communication Policies
11
Television
11
Internet
10
Radio
10
Online News
9
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
9
Political Transition and Media
9
Journalism
8
Media Outlets, Media Associations
8
Advertising Markets & Industries
7
Television Landscapes
7
Economics of Media
6
Television Markets
6
Media Ownership
6
Radio Landscapes
6
Democracy / Democratization and Media
6
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
5
Media Markets
5
Ethics in Media & Communication
5
Investigative Journalism
5
News Agencies
5
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
5
Press Landscapes
5
Television Law & Regulation
5
Press
5
Television Channels
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Media / Communication Control
4
Financing Digital / Online Media
4
Social Media
4
ICT Regulation
4
Romani People
4
Media Concentration
4
Media Industries
4
Journalism Ethics
4
Self-Regulation of Media
4
International Communication
4
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
4
Political Reporting
4
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
4
Politics and Media
4
Propaganda
4
Magazines
4
Newspapers
4
Public Service Broadcasting
4
Telecommunication Infrastructure
4
Commercial Television
4
Television Programmes & Genres
4
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
3
Television Programme & Format Trade
3
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
3
Freedom of Expression
3
Censorship
3
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
3
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
3
ICT Indicators
3
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
3
Radio Markets
3
Defamation Law & Regulation
3
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
3
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Local News
3
Media Assistance
3
Media, Mass Media
3
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
3
Public Media, State Media
3
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
2
Media Use, Media Consumption
2
Media Use: Foreign / International Media
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
2
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Book Markets & Industries
2
Book Policies (National & International)
2
Catholic Church
2
Catholic Media
2
Christianity: Media Representation & Reporting
2
Orthodox Churches and Communication
2
Cinema
2
Film Industries
2
National Cinemas, National Film Production
2
Communication Rights
2
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
2
Editorial Independence
2
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
2
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
2
Press Releases & Press Conferences
2
Civil Wars
2
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
2
Creative & Cultural Industries
2
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
2
Online Services
2
TikTok
2
Digitalization, Environment & Sustainable Development
2
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Industries & Markets
2
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
2
LGBT & Communication / Media
2
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
2
Archives
2
Documenting Human Rights Violations
2
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
2
Economic Conditions
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Foreign Television Programmes
2
World Information and Communication Order
2
Satellite Television
2
Council of Europe
2
Journalists
2
Election Reporting
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Media Development Indicators
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
'Comparing Media Systems' (Hallin/Mancini, 2004)
2
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
2
Media Law & Regulation: Constitutional Law
2
Transitional Justice
2
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
2
Broadcasting Companies
2
Political Doctrines
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Public & State Television
2
Satellite Radios
2
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
2
Digital Television
2
Informatics
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Television Transmitters
2
Access to Media & Information
1
Flow of Information
1
Advertising
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Geography
1
Audience Research
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
1
Mobile Phone Use: Children
1
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
1
Reading, Reading Habits, Reading Skills
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Samizdat
1
Books
1
Book Aid, Book Publishing Assistance, Book Donations
1
Book Trade & Distribution
1
Children's Books & Literature
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Transnational Book Publishing
1
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
1
Youth Literature & Books
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Catholic Press
1
Saints
1
Child Protection, Protection of Minors
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Christian Media
1
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
1
Historical Films
1
Film Markets
1
Film Editing
1
Digital Rights
1
Editorial Independence: Influence of Media Owners
1
Intellectual Property
1
Copyright Law
1
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
1
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Telecentres, Community Telecentres, Internet Cafés
1
International Conflicts
1
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
1
Violence in the Media
1
War Reporting
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Media Ethnography
1
Cultural Cooperation (Development Aid)
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Mass Cultures
1
Multiculturalism
1
National Character
1
Popular Religious Cultures & Practices
1
Democracy Assistance
1
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
1
Development Theories
1
Underdevelopment
1
Development and Media
1
Rural Radio Programmes, Rural Radios, Rural Development & Radio
1
Algorithms & Big Data
1
Data Journalism, Computer-Assisted Investigative Reporting
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
ICANN
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Podcasts
1
Netflix
1
Open Access Publishing
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
WhatsApp
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
News Websites & Portals
1
AI in Journalism & Media
1
AI Reporting
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Gender and ICTs / Internet
1
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
1
ICT Policies
1
Information Society
1
World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
German-Language Media Abroad
1
Integration of Minorities: Role of Media
1
Minorities
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Minority Journalists
1
Minority Rights
1
Racism in Communication & Media
1
Conspiracy Narratives, Conspiracy Theories
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Media Literacy: Disinformation, Fake News, Hate Speech
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Television Industries
1
Competition, Competition Analysis
1
Press Markets
1
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
1
Media Ownership Regulation & Transparency
1
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
1
Nonprofit Journalism, Nonprofit Media
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Economy
1
Industrialized Countries
1
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Educational Games, Serious Games
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC)
1
Television Entertainment, Television Entertainment Programmes
1
Climate, Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Image Ethics, Ethics in Photojournalism
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Fact-Checking & Verification of Sources
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Impact Assessment & Outcome Evaluation
1
Female Journalists & Media Workers
1
Female Opinion Leaders, Politicians, Decision Makers
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
1
Events
1
Good Practice Examples
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
Food / Nutrition Communication & Media Representation
1
History of Radio
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Intercultural Communication, Intercultural Competencies
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
1
International News Flow
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Image Abroad
1
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
1
Transnational & Comparative Communication Research
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
European Union (EU)
1
UNESCO
1
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
1
Collaborative Journalism, Journalism Cooperation
1
Journalism Education Curricula
1
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalistic Research Methods
1
Journalistic Style & Language
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
Television News
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Islam: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Abbreviations
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
1
Media Assistance Donors: Corporate Donors
1
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
1
Media Assistance: Post-Socialist Countries
1
Presentation of Information
1
Popular Media
1
Small States: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Civil Rights
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Human Rights
1
Licensing of Media
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Truth & Reconciliation Commissions
1
Corporate Social Responsibility
1
BBC
1
Radio Free Europe
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
1
Popular Music
1
People with Disabilities & Communication / Media
1
Deaf & Hard of Hearing People
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Documentary Photography
1
Accountability & Transparency
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Communism, Marxism
1
Socialism
1
Political Influence
1
Political Systems
1
Democracy
1
Democratization
1
Political Transition
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Political Communication
1
Political Parties: Communication Strategies
1
Editing
1
Television Production
1
Public & State Radios
1
Radio Programmes & Genres
1
Radio Stations
1
Radio Engineering & Technologies
1
Cyberpsychology
1
Opinion, Opinion Formation, Opinion Change
1
Identity & Identity Development
1
Islamophobia
1
Islam and Communication
1
Pilgrimages & Pilgrimage Sites
1
Religion and State
1
Religious Change
1
Religious Practice
1
Communication & Media Indicators
1
Communication & Media Research Associations & Networks
1
Corruption & Combating Corruption
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Ethnocentrism
1
Participation
1
Social Change
1
Short Wave Radio (SW)
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Technological Change, Technological Developments, Technological Progress
1
Technology Transfer
1
Telecommunications
1
Telecommunication Companies, Mobile Phone & Fixed Line Operators
1
Cultural Television Programmes
1
Television Programming, Programme Structures & Programme Policies
1
Non-Western Communication Approaches
1
Youth and Media
1
Youth Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Journalists and Media Accountability: An International Study of News People in the Digital Age
New York et al.: Peter Lang (2014), vii, 313 pp.
"Do existing structures of media accountability - such as press councils, codes of ethics, and ombudspersons - suffice, or do we urgently need new instruments and initiatives in today's converging media world? These questions were tackled in an international survey of 1,800 journalists in twelve Eur
...
Media Sustainability Index 2014: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2014), xx, 307 pp.
"The 2014 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia is marked by an overall constancy of scores, for better or worse. Taken as a whole, the average of 21 overall scores shows an increase of 0.01 compared with last year. Out of the 21 countries studied, 13 showed a change in score of less than 0.10. Of the rema
...
Global Information Society Watch 2014: Communications Surveillance in the Digital Age
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2014), 283 pp.
"This Global Information Society Watch tracks the state of communications surveillance in 57 countries across the world – countries as diverse as Hungary, India, Argentina, The Gambia, Lebanon and the United Kingdom. Each country report approaches the issue from a different perspective. Some analy
...
Net Children Go Mobile: Final Report
Milano: Educatt (2014), 50 pp.
This report is based on a quantitative study of 3500 children, aged from 9 to 16 years in seven countries, and a qualitative study with 327 children and 230 adults (parents, teachers and educators) in nine European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Spain
...
The Transparency of Media Ownership in the European Union and Neighbouring States
Access Info Europe; Open Society Program on Independent Journalism (2014), 28 pp.
"Despite the importance of media ownership transparency for both the individual and the state, only two of the surveyed countries—Italy and Romania—address media transparency directly in their constitutions but in both cases the focus is on transparency of fi nancial sources not ownership. In th
...
Women in Politics and Media: Perspectives from Nations in Transition
New York; London: Bloomsbury Academic (2014), xiv, 334 pp.
"This is the first collection to de-Westernize the scholarship on women, politics and media by: 1) highlighting the latest research on countries and regions that have not been ‘the usual suspects’; 2) featuring a diverse group of scholars, many of non-Western origin; 3) giving voice through pers
...
Party Colonisation of the Media in Central and Eastern Europe
Budapest et al.: Central European University Press (2014), vi, 273 pp.
"The author argues that differences in media freedom and in the politicization of the news media are rooted in differences in party structures between old and new democracies, and, notably, the fact that young parties in the new members of the European Union are short of resources, which makes them
...
Journalistic Education in South East Europe
Sofia: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Media Program South East Europe (2014), 51 pp.
"A disadvantage that is present in all countries is the insufficient cooperation between the universities and media outlets. There are not enough internships available. Besides that, it should be mentioned that many students continue to work at a media outlet where they did their internship and ther
...
Memory, Conflict and New Media: Web Wars in Post-Socialist States
London; New York: Routledge (2013), xv, 265 pp.
The Global Information Technology Report 2013: Growth and Jobs in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum; INSEAD (2013), 413 pp.
"Through the methodological framework of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI), the report measures the extent to which 144 economies, from both the developed and developing worlds, take advantage of ICTs and other new technologies to increase their growth and well-being. The NRI identifies the most r
...
Media Sustainability Index 2013: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2013), xx, 317 pp.
The Media Landscape in 54 Countries: Country Profiles from the 2011 and 2012 UIS Pilot Surveys
Paris: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013), 155 pp.
"The current UIS Questionnaire on Media Statistics provides information for three UNESCO frameworks, namely the Media and Information Literacy Framework, the Media Development Indicators Framework and the Framework for Cultural Statistics. The questionnaire collects data for reporting global progres
...
Global Information Society Watch 2013: Women's Rights, Gender and ICTs
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2013), 240 pp.
"GISWatch 2013 shows that gains in women’s rights made online are not always certain or stable. While access to the internet for women has increased their participation in the social, economic and governance spheres, there is another side to these opportunities: online harassment, cyberstalking, a
...
Investigative Journalism in Central and Eastern Europe: Autonomy, Business Models, and Democratic Roles
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 18, issue 4 (2013), pp. 413-435
"This article presents a comparative study of investigative journalism in nine countries in the Central and Eastern European region (Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia). The purpose is descriptive and analytical. Descriptively, the articl
...
A Suitable Case for Transplant? The BBC and Public Service Journalism in Post-Communist Romania
Journalism Practice, volume 7, issue 3 (2012), pp. 329-344
"This paper is the first detailed account of the BBC's engagement with journalism in Romania after the fall of communism, including a description and evaluation of the journalism training carried out by the BBC in the country in the 1990s. Drawing on interviews with a cohort of journalists who were
...
Understanding Media Policies: A European Perspective
Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (2012), xvii, 284 pp.
The Global Information Technology Report 2012: Living in a Hyperconnected World
Geneva: World Economic Forum; INSEAD (2012), 413 pp.
"The Report is composed of four thematic parts. Part 1 describes the conceptual framework and relates the findings of the Networked Readiness Index (NRI) 2012. In addition, Part 1 features selected expert contributions on the general theme of hyperconnectivity. Part 2 includes two case studies showi
...
Media Sustainability Index 2012: The Development of Sustainable Independent Media in Europe and Eurasia
Washington, DC: IREX (2012), xxi, 359 pp.
"TThe 2012 MSI study for Europe & Eurasia revealed a mix of positive developments, regression, and stagnation (or resilience, depending on one’s point of view). Nearly half of the 21 countries included in this study showed little change either way, their overall score moving by 0.10 or less. Six c
...
Global Information Society Watch 2012. The Internet and Corruption: Transparency and Accountability Online
Association for Progressive Communications (APC); Hivos (2012), 273 pp.
"GISWatch 2012 explores how the internet is being used to ensure transparency and accountability, the challenges that civil society activists face in fighting corruption, and when the internet fails as an enabler of a transparent and fair society. The eight thematic reports and 48 country reports pu
...
