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"Part A introduces theory of change (ToC) and Hivos’ perspective on ToC thinking: what it is, what you should know before you start, and key features of ToC thinking that you need to understand in order to be able to use the approach effectively and reap the benefits of the process. ‘Theory of C ... more
"This brief offers a simple one-page tool for thinking about the theories of change that underlie public policy advocacy strategies. It first presents the tool and then offers six questions that advocates, and funders working with advocates, can work through to better articulate their theories of ch ... more
"The purpose of this guide is to help managers and development practitioners to really understand what a Theory of Change approach involves and includes, how it can complement and strengthen already existing methods for planning and evaluation, and how to get started on this journey. It introduces t ... more

Design a Theory of Change

Social Velocity (2015), 17 pp.
"Why Create a Theory of Change? It is no longer enough for nonprofits to do “good work.” With growing competition for social change dollars it is absolutely crucial that nonprofits develop their own Theory of Change. Funders, policy makers and board members are increasingly demanding that nonpro ... more
"This article highlights the key areas in which Communication for Development (C4D) can play a role in the aftermath of conflict, with a focus both at the community and at the national level. It provides an overview of the literature that has begun to discuss C4D in the light of peace creation. It i ... more
"In its political support the Commission will encourage enlargement countries to make legislation more supportive of the media. It will also promote the involvement of media and civil society in the pre-accession process, including in the formulation, implementation and monitoring of sector strategi ... more

Theory of Change

Florence: UNICEF Office of Research – Innocenti (2014), 13 pp.
"This brief discusses the concept of theory of change in the broader sense of the term, while recognizing that it is sometimes defined more narrowly. A theory of change can be used for strategic planning or programme/policy planning to identify the current situation (in terms of needs and opportunit ... more
"Theory of change is actually a very simple concept. Throughout our work and personal lives we have aims, objectives and ideas about how to achieve our goals, but we rarely take the time to think these through, articulate and scrutinise them. All a theory of change process does is to make these assu ... more

Monitoring von Wirkungen (movie): Ein Manual zur wirkungsorientierten Planung und Durchführung von Friedensprojekten

Berlin: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa), Förderprogramm zivik – zivile Konfliktbearbeitung, 2nd, compl. revised ed. (2014), 18 pp.
"This brief lays out 10 theories grounded in diverse disciplines and worldviews that have relevance to the world of advocacy and policy change. These theories can help to untangle beliefs and assumptions about the inner workings of the policy making process and identify causal connections supported ... more

Design Research for Media Development: A Guide for Practitioners

New York: Reboot Design;Internews (2013), 125 pp.
"This is a hands-on reference guide for media development practitioners. It is based on principles and practices of design research that have been long used by the private sector, and grounded in the experience Reboot has gathered in designing and implementing international development projects arou ... more
"The goal of this document is to improve the effectiveness of DFID programmes and the measurement of their impacts by providing DFID Advisers with the practical skills to develop high quality theories of change, to understand the role they play in programme design and assessment. It is intended for ... more

Practical Approaches to Theories of Change in Conflict, Security, and Justice Programmes. Part I: What They Are, Different Types, How to Develop and Use Them

London: Department for International Development (DFID);Conflict, Crime, and Violence Results Initiative (CCVRI) (2013), 31 pp.
"The goal of this document is to improve the effectiveness of DFID programmes and the measurement of their impacts by providing DFID Advisers with the practical skills to develop high quality theories of change, to understand the role they play in programme design and assessment. It is intended for ... more

The Message Matrix: A Participatory Programme Design Tool

In: Learning with Community Media: Stories from the Commonwealth and Latin America
Ian Pringle; Ekta Mittal; Mónica Valdés (eds.)
Vancouver: Commonwealth of Learning (COL) (2012), pp. 99-111
"The message matrix facilitates local stakeholder groups and community members to take an active, empowered role in content development for an educational communication programme. The method enables active participation of target audiences and stakeholder groups in the identification, analysis and r ... more
"A Guide to Assessing Needs offers a much broader perspective than many texts on project management or evaluation. It presents needs assessment within a results framework that applies to international development projects equally as well as to a variety of other contexts. An exceptionally wide range ... more

Freedom of Expression, Media and Digital Communications: A Practical Guide

EPRD Policy & Development;European Commission (2012), 39 pp.
"The European Commission has begun to integrate a political economy approach throughout the project cycle. This guide tailors the political economy approach to the media development sector specifically. Using a political economy media matrix (PEMM) as its basis, it explains how to integrate the PE a ... more
"Governments and donor agencies are under increasing pressure to show hard evidence that their interventions are effective and good value for money. Anti-corruption is a challenging field in this regard, with few evidence-based models to draw upon, so both the design and the evaluation of programmes ... more

Understanding and Evaluating Theories of Change

In: Evaluating Peacebuilding Activities in Settings of Conflict and Fragility: Improving Learning for Results
Paris: OECD (2012), pp. 80-86
"Aid work in relation to conflict and peace is often based on approaches, strategies and tactics that are rooted in theories of change (understandings about why particular inputs or activities are expected to achieve intended results [outputs, outcomes and impacts]) that are unstated or ill-defined. ... more

Peacebuilding with Impact: Defining Theories of Change

London: Care International (2012), 12 pp.
"Focusing on theories of change can improve the effectiveness of peacebuilding interventions. A review of 19 peacebuilding projects in three conflict-affected countries found that the process of articulating and reviewing theories of change adds rigour and transparency, clarifies project logic, high ... more