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Media Capture Strategies in an Islamic Authoritarian Context: The Case of the Taliban

Faisal Karimi

Human Rights Institute (2023), 43 pp.

"This paper explores the Taliban government's media capture strategies since retaking the country on August 15, 2021, and how journalists and media outlets have responded to these strategies. In particular, it focuses on the Taliban government's approach to the media, given the recent political tran ... more

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Decoding Social Media’s Role in the Resurgence of the Taliban: A Literature Review

Nassir Ul Haq Wani

Kabul: Kardan University, Kashmir Research Information System (2023), 22 pp.

"The study assesses the extent to which Taliban 2.0 utilised social media as a political mobilisation strategy and provides a response through discourse analysis and a literature review. The study results indicate that the tactical use of social media was more apparent in 2021 when they were promoti ... more

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Politicizing for the idol: China’s idol fandom nationalism in pandemic

Yan Wang, Ting Luo

Information, Communication & Society, volume 26, issue 2 (2023), pp. 304-320

"Chinese idol fans have been identified among the main forces in cyber nationalist activisms in recent years, acting as the nationalist fans protecting the state as an idol in response to external political shocks. Their skills in acknowledging, involving, and even reinventing the image of the state ... more

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YouTube vlogging and dissidence in Zimbabwe: Opportunities from authoritarian media policies

Wishes Tendayi Mututwa, Gift Gwindingwe

Journal of Alternative and Community Media, volume 7, issue 2 (2023), pp. 199-214

"This article explores the use of YouTube in the increasing practice of vlogging in Zimbabwe. Vlogging counters authoritarian media policies that restrict the entry of new media players and democratic participation in existing traditional media. This dearth of public debate on traditional media has ... more

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Disruptions as Opportunities: Governing Chinese Society with Interactive Authoritarianism

Taiyi Sun

Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2023), xv, 283 pp.

"[This book] addresses the long-standing puzzle of why China outlived other one-party authoritarian regimes with particular attention to how the state manages an emerging civil society. Drawing upon over 1,200 survey responses conducted in 126 villages in the Sichuan province, as well as 70 intervie ... more

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The adoption of social messaging apps in Iran: Discourses and challenges

Abolghasem Bayat, Mohammad Fathian, Naser Bagheri Moghaddam, Amirali Saifoddin

Information Development, volume 39, issue 1 (2023), pp. 72-85

"Today, social networks are the most popular and widely used applications among smartphone users all around the world. Three years ago, the Telegram messaging app was the most widely used social messaging app in Iran due to its technical features and user-friendliness. Despite its popularity, Telegr ... more

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Staatliche Cyberkonflikte: Proxy-Strategien von Autokratien und Demokratien im Vergleich

Kerstin Zettl-Schabath

Bielefeld: transcript (2023), 424 pp.

"Welche Rolle spielen nichtstaatliche Akteure, sogenannte "Proxys", in staatlichen Cyberkonflikten? Und wie unterscheidet sich regimetypenspezifisch das (De-)Eskalationsmanagement? Kerstin Zettl-Schabath vergleicht mithilfe eines umfassenden Datensatzes für die Jahre 2000-2019 die staatlichen Cyber ... more

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Preparing to Publish: How Journalists Negotiate Content Restrictions in Semi-Authoritarian States

Ruth Moon

International Communication Gazette, volume 85, issue 2 (2023), pp. 120-140

"Journalists act strategically in response to their political environments, using practices like self-censorship to avoid negative repercussions from powerful actors. But what does self-censorship look like in practice? Grounded in theories of policy response and media sociology, this study uses jou ... more

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The Key Player in Russia's Cybersphere: What the West Needs to Know About VK Company

Philipp Dietrich

Berlin: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige Politik (DGAP) (2023), 20 pp.

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Digital Authoritarianism and its Religious Legitimization: The cases of Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and India

Ihsan Yilmaz (ed.)

Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan (2023), xv, 174 pp.

"This book explores how digital authoritarianism operates in India, Pakistan, Turkey, Indonesia, and Malaysia, and how religion can be used to legitimize digital authoritarianism within democracies. In doing so, it explains how digital authoritarianism operates at various technological levels includ ... more

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Social Media Activism for Civilian Supremacy in Myanmar and Pakistan

Qamar Abbas Jafri

Tokyo: Toda Peace Institute (2023), 14 pp.

"In Myanmar and Pakistan, anti-democratic forces including an alliance of military and right-wing political factions are dominating political affairs despite both countries’ constitutions defining democratic processes. Consequently, the authoritarian rule has been looming in these countries. The a ... more

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Dying to tell a story: The role of Citizen Journalists in Myanmar

Thu Thu Aung

Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2023), 32 pp.

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Afghan Media under the Taliban: Restrictions and Violations

Kobra Moradi

Afghanistan Human Rights and Democracy Organization (AHRDO) (2022), 48 pp.

"[...] Since returning to power in August 2021, the Taliban has imposed a new media control regime, which has three key features: restriction, gender-discrimination, and repression with impunity. First, the Taliban has passed several media policies, imposing extreme constraints on press freedom and ... media rights. Any sort of critical reporting on topics related to the government or the public is banned. The Taliban regulate the content of publications and broadcasts, imposing broad, vaguely worded prohibitions. For example, under the new regulations, media content that contradicts “Islamic values,” “Afghan values,” and “public interest” is prohibited. No operational definitions have been provided for these terms, nor an objective standard for assessing and determining breach. This has caused uncertainty and confusion about what the media can and cannot publish and broadcast, often resulting in precautionary media self-censorship. The new rules also give the Taliban sweeping powers to directly control the media and news output, barring broadcast and publication of matters and content that has not been officially sanctioned by Taliban official/s. These restrictions and interferences limit the right and ability of the Afghan media to seek, receive and impart information freely and independently. Second, the Taliban has passed policies specifically targeting Afghan women in the media. These restrictions give the Taliban control over women’s attire and the nature and scope of their involvement in the media, restraining their freedom of expression and movement, as well as their ability to perform their tasks effectively. The general travel restrictions on women and girls make it almost impossible for women to work, in particular, limiting the ability of female journalists from gathering information or contributing to field reporting. The Taliban’s antiwomen media policies and practices are aimed towards excluding Afghan women from the media and public life. Third, the Taliban treats the Afghan media and media-related affairs as a security threat. The Taliban security and intelligence agencies are increasingly involved in controlling media affairs. Taliban operatives use repressive measures against members of the Afghan media in claiming to enforce the new regulations. Afghan journalists and other members of the media have been subjected to heavy surveillance, intimidation, and arbitrary arrest and detention. Cases of beatings, enforced disappearances, and extrajudicial killings have also taken place." (Executive summary, pages 1-2) more

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Defending Democracy in Exile: Policy Responses to Transnational Repression

Yana Gorokhovskaia, Linzer. Isabel

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2022), 42 pp.

"Transnational repression is strategically employed by autocrats, enabled by underprepared host governments, and spreading rapidly around the world. This report aims to assess the strengths and weaknesses in the global understanding of and responses to transnational repression, so that governments, ... more

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Digital Journalism in China

Shixin Ivy Zhang (ed.)

London: Routledge (2022), xiii, 120 pp.

"This volume explores the implications of digital media technologies for journalists’ professional practice, news users’ consumption and engagement with news, as well as the shifting institutional, organizational and financial structures of news media. Drawing on case studies and quantitative an ... more

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Why Does the Kremlin's Propaganda Remain Effective in Wartime?

Fyodor Krasheninnikov

Bonn: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 10 pp.

"This paper will outline the technologies and mechanisms of Putin's information machine, how it operates during the war and the obstacles to anti-war propaganda among Russians. At the very end, we will offer some recommendations for confronting Putin's information machine at war, both of a general n ... more

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Iranians on #SocialMedia

Holly Dagres

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2022), 40 pp.

"This report explores the social media habits of Iranian netizens and how the Islamic Republic is repressing the online space." (Publisher description)

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Media Environment in Belarus

Jakub Przetacznik, Linda Tothova

European Parliamentary Research Service (2022), 10 pp.

"The media situation in Belarus has never been easy. With Aliaksandr Lukashenka being elected president of the country for the first time in 1994, the necessary reforms to provide media freedom have never materialised. Instead, over the years various laws have lessened the rights of independent jour ... more

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Fair Game: The Endangered Media Space for Foreign Correspondents Inside China 2022

Mary Kay Magistad

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2022), 10 pp.

"This report focuses on Beijing's efforts to control domestic reporting by resident foreign journalists. It is based on interviews conducted by the IFJ in December 2021 with 19 current or recent correspondents from nine countries, who work across print and broadcast and whose experience in China ran ... more

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The Unfreedom Monitor: Russia Country Report

Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2022), 28 pp.

"The internet gained centrality as a space of public opinion and political activity that became important for the Russian state to co-opt and control as part of the broader push for control of political elites and public perceptions as Putin and his ruling party pushed to eliminate any functioning o ... more