"These book’s articles are the result of the First Conference on Digital Literacy, Citizenship and Disinformation in Times of Pandemic, jointly organised by the UNESCO Regional Office in Montevideo, Uruguay, and the Public Defender’s Office of Audience Rights. Five thousand people participated i
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n the event, either following the live streaming or visualising the recordings afterwards [...] The main purpose of the meeting was to bring together researchers, academics, public policy managers, community and private organizations, to share experiences and knowledge on Media and Information Literacy (MIL); to synthesise experiences on MIL development, disinformation and hate speech in pandemics; to systematise the effects of the pandemic on the education system with different actors involved and to prepare proposals for the development of future public policies. Among other results, this meeting led to this book, which we are now pleased to introduce. As a result of this Conference, the Public Defender's Office also carried out a survey with elementary and high school teachers from all over the country, as part of a supporting plan about communication in conventional media and digital platforms. This survey confirmed that a very high proportion of the respondents state they need training on this subject for their work. When confronted with the question “Do you think you need more training in Communication Media and Technologies?” 88.3% of the participants answered affirmatively, and only 11.7% said “no”, according to preliminary results." (Introduction, page 19-20)
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"El presente estudio reúne los elementos esenciales de la ponencia presentada por el autor en la sesión de clausura del seminario celebrativo de los 100 años de nacimiento de Mario Kaplún, realizado de forma virtual, a partir de una articulación de instituciones académicas, investigativas y as
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ociativas latinoamericanas, desde La Paz, Bolivia y Quito, Ecuador, entre 30 y 31 de agosto de 2023. El artículo propone, al inicio, un recorrido por eventos y actividades que marcaron los últimos años de Mario Kaplún, entre 1996 y 1998. Luego, recuerda hechos que permiten identificar el aprecio por el escritor y activista, por parte de latinoamericanos y europeos, durante las dos décadas posteriores a la su muerte. El texto esclarece cómo la teoría del comunicador popular facilita la articulación entre la “comunicación comunitaria” y la “práctica educomunicativa”, tanto en pequeñas comunidades locales como en acciones de gran escala. Agrega, al final, a modo de ejemplo, los resultados de un estudio realizado en Brasil, que demuestra cómo la educomunicación kapluniana logró garantizar - a través de una comunicación dialógica y participativa - la eficacia, coherencia y amplitud de la acción comunicativa del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra (MST), implementado, en las últimas décadas, en Brasil, integrando 400.000 familias distribuidas en el vasto territorio geográfico del país." (Resumen)
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"Para el trabajo en la escuela, la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI) propone la incorporación de los medios tradicionales y digitales en el aula, que promuevan la generación de experiencias educativas reflexivas y críticas y la creación de medios, de manera responsable y ética. E
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n tal sentido, este documento diagnóstico presenta el proceso desarrollado en el contexto peruano y los énfasis de trabajo desde el Estado y la sociedad civil para promover la AMI. Asimismo expone las comprensiones e intereses de docentes frente a la propuesta de la AMI en su quehacer educativo. Este diagnóstico muestra la visión de diversos actores educativos que permiten identificar las posibilidades de inclusión de la AMI en la agenda pública educativa peruana; sobre todo para el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de docentes, el desarrollo de una base común teórica y metodológica, una intervención educativa contextualizada y con enfoque intercultural. El presente diagnóstico contiene el planteamiento de la metodología, antecedentes de la AMI, los hallazgos de la investigación, los desafíos planteados desde los actores entrevistados y las conclusiones del diagnóstico. Además se ha incluido una propuesta de agenda pública con temas que posibiliten un debate amplio sobre la pertinencia de la AMI en un mundo mediatizado y globalizado." (Introducción)
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"Policies and guidelines at different levels officially involve schools in promoting media education. In this regard, the responsibility for putting media education initiatives and guidelines into practice is mainly on the teachers. However, little is known about under what circumstances young peopl
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e tend to rely on teachers to develop media competencies and how the variance in teachers’ engagement in media education can be explained. The present work seeks to verify what factors are associated with students’ learning of media-related aspects from teachers and teachers’ efforts in developing students’ media-related competencies. The framework adopted in the empirical work consists of three main aspects. First, it refers to concepts of media pedagogy and educommunication to address teachers’ practices involving media. These practices correspond to the interplay of fostering students’ media competencies with using media use for instruction and mediating students’ media use. Second, it addresses the variety of media-related competencies prescribed in media and digital literacy guidelines. Finally, based on previous research in the field, the framework includes contextual and individual characteristics as influencing factors of media education practices.
The first study approaches teachers’ role as media educators. This study explores the characteristics of students, schools, and countries that are associated with the incidence of learning computer and information competencies primarily from teachers. Therefore, data from 14 participant countries in the 2013 International Computer and Information Literacy Study were analyzed with a three-level regression model. The findings show that the most significant predictors are at the individual’s level, as gender, access to ICTs at home, parental socioeconomic conditions, and self-efficacy concerning ICT yield positive associations with recognizing teachers as primary digital mentors. The schools’ characteristics do not show significant associations. At the country level, ICT Development Index associates negatively and significantly with students’ relying on teachers to develop computer and information competencies.
The second study focuses on content taught in media education at school, accounting for the comprehensiveness of topics and competencies that are part of media literacy frameworks. The goal is to identify aspects that favor and disfavor teachers’ practice of media education integrated into traditional school subjects. With linear regression analysis, models including teachers’ and schools’ characteristics are tested to predict the fostering of different areas of media competence and the mediation of opportunities and risks in students’ media use. Therefore, data collected from secondary teachers in the Thuringia State, Germany, in a project in which the author was involved were analyzed. The series of analyses conducted reflect the process of model development. Considering all models tested to predict teaching of different areas of media competence, the positive and strong associations with ICT use and perceived importance of the competence area are a constant. However, how teachers evaluate the ICT available at their school does not usually play a role. Moreover, it became clear that media education has less room in Gymnasium schools than in other school types, and most competence areas tend to be fostered in non-STEM subjects.
The third study addresses the use of ICTs to foster students’ media-related competencies. The associations between teaching with and teaching about media in the data collected from teachers in Thuringia are tested through exploratory structural equation modeling. Therefore, the fostering of different media competence areas and the use of various types of ICT are considered. Moreover, their associations are tested, controlling for schools’ and teachers’ traits. The results show that teachers’ use of computer laboratories and basic computer programs with their students predicts all four competence areas positively and strongly. The use of mobile devices and online applications in class yield significant associations with fostering information competence. Conversely, using presentation and visualization ICTs does not seem to be involved in activities promoting media literacy. The effects of training, collaboration, and satisfaction with the school’s ICT observed in the regression analyses of the second study are confirmed. The findings presented can contribute to refining the discussions about media education in the academic, political, and educational spheres.
To consolidate media education in schools, it is pertinent to consider teachers’ different practices involving media, the several dimensions of media literacy competences, and the variety of ICTs that may be used in classes. These dimensions should be integrated into teachers’ training so that they get solid preparation to practice media education and develop an awareness of the extent of their role as media educators." (Abstract)
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"Although interventions that warn about the harms of misinformation may be effective in lowering the credibility of false information, they may also cause suspicion related to factually accurate information. To explore these contradictory outcomes of exposure to media literacy messages, we used an o
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nline survey experiment with a diverse sample of 1105 participants in the U.S. In this experiment, we randomly exposed people to traditional warning messages about the threats of misinformation or relativising warning messages that placed misinformation’s threat in the context of the abundance of honest information. We additionally varied the specificity of the warning message (i.e. topic specific versus generic). We did not find direct overall effects on truth discernment but observed conditional effects on decreasing beliefs in misinformation and negative spillover effects on the truth rating of accurate information. We conclude that the effectiveness of media literacy interventions is far from straightforward, and document how preexisting media trust plays a key role in the effects of such interventions. Based on our findings, we suggest that the effectiveness of specific and general media literacy messages may be contingent upon tailoring the message to levels of existing (dis)trust." (Abstract)
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"Cuando se revisa lo que plantea la UNESCO en la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI), puede constatarse que no se trata de una propuesta de enseñanza y aprendizaje instrumental referido a la información y a los medios y tecnologías de comunicación: su alcance tiene que ver con compr
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ender y actuar respecto a lo que generan en la sociedad. Esto es, vincular de manera crítica dicha enseñanza y aprendizaje mediático con la realidad circundante. Esta perspectiva se profundiza cuando la AMI se propone fortalecer una convivencia humana solidaria, equitativa y democrática. En otras palabras, el conocer los alcances del manejo de la información y de la comunicación mediática en sus distintas expresiones debe tener un sentido constructivo en favor de toda sociedad. La UNESCO ha publicado el Currículum para Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional para Educadores y Estudiantes (2021), hecho que devela el valor que le brinda a llegar con la AMI a la mayor parte de la población desde la educación básica." (Introducción)
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"Combining an innovative mix of traditional chapters, autoethnography, case studies, and dialogue within an intercultural framework, the handbook focuses on the future of media education and provides a deeper understanding of the challenges and affordances of media education as we move forward. Topi
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cs range from fighting disinformation, how vulnerable communities coped with disadvantages using media, transforming educational TV or YouTube to reach larger audiences, supporting students’ wellbeing through various online strategies, examining early childhood, parents, and media mentoring using digital tools, reflecting on educators’ intersectionality on video platforms, youth-produced media to fight injustice, teaching remotely and providing low-tech solutions to address the digital divide, search for solutions collaboratively using social media, and many more." (Publisher description)
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"L'éducation aux médias apparaît comme une des clés indispensables pour comprendre nos sociétés dont les usages numériques sont devenus prépondérants. Elle intéresse le monde de l'éducation, les familles et les politiques. L'Union européenne a, ces dernières années, fortement encourag
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ses états membres à transformer les cursus scolaires en ce sens. Qu'en est-il aujourd'hui ? De quelle manière les États ont compris cet appel ? Cet ouvrage propose au lecteur un voyage dans dix pays européens montrant la prise de conscience de l'importance de l'éducation aux médias, les réalisations pédagogiques innovantes, les perspectives et les défis qui demeurent." (Description de la maison d'édition)
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"From September 2020 to January 2021, 253 trainers delivered the FactShala training program to 23,347 adults in communities across India. The FactShala media literacy training program launched by Internews […], is an effective mechanism for spreading media and information literacy and building res
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ilience to misinformation within communities experiencing exponential growth in access to and use of the internet. Internews commissioned the Centre for Media Studies to conduct a comprehensive impact evaluation of the FactShala training in July and August 2021. This report outlines the findings of that study. The key objectives of this study are to: 1. Assess how far FactShala improved trainees' awareness of and ability to identify online misinformation and disinformation; 2. Determine how far FactShala motivated trainees to share this knowledge with others; 3. Capture best practices in curbing misinformation and disinformation at the individual, organizational or community level; 4. Provide insights to help design or improve future training modules, curricula and capacity-building sessions." (Executive Summary, page 11-12)
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"This book is a first-of-its-kind guide for pre-service and currently practicing teachers and child care professionals looking for pedagogically sound and developmentally appropriate ways to help today’s children navigate their media-rich world with confidence, curiosity, and critical thinking. De
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tailed descriptions of media literacy competencies, along with dozens of activities, strategies, and tips designed for children ages 2–7, demonstrate how to integrate foundational skills, knowledge, and dispositions into existing routines as well as experiment with new lessons. By examining media through a literacy lens, this book will show you ways to use inquiry and media-making to teach children about media; plan activities to engage children in meaningful media discussions; engage with families about the importance of media literacy education for young children; address media concerns with joy and creativity rather than anxiety or fear." (Back cover)
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"Auf insgesamt 36 Arbeitsblättern bietet das Arbeitsheft einen Querschnitt durch die Welt der Medien in insgesamt vier Kapiteln. Zunächst werden die begrifflichen Grundlagen und die Bedeutung von Medien für unser Alltagsleben wie auch für die Demokratie erarbeitet, dann werden zentrale Medien wi
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e Zeitung, Smartphone oder Social Media vorgestellt und ihre Besonderheiten bei der Nutzung analysiert. Im Anschluss widmet sich das Material unterschiedlichen Herausforderungen im Umgang mit Medien: Dabei wird u.a. die Rolle von Influencer/-innen hinterfragt, das Prinzip der Plattformökonomie untersucht oder die Gefahr einer Medienkonzentration erörtert. Abschließend beschäftigten sich die Lernenden mit ihrer eigenen Medienkompetenz: Wie erkenne ich sexistische Werbung? Habe ich meine Mediennutzung im Griff oder sollte ich mal "handyfasten"?" (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Las páginas que siguen están estructuradas en tres partes. En la primera se exponen las bases teóricas y epistemológicas esenciales de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI), fundamentalmente en los capítulos de Divina Frau-Meigs y Tessa Jolls. La segunda, donde continúan las int
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ervenciones de carácter conceptual y se suman ejemplos de políticas y metodologías de AMI en diferentes países de Iberoamérica, pero sin perder contacto con las realidades específicas analizadas. Finalmente, en la última parte se muestran experiencias concretas de proyectos AMI de Argentina, pero con potencial de aplicación en otros contextos. Cada una de estas nos permite recuperar el saber que hoy encontramos en las practicas concretas que, de forma creativa y comprometida, dieron respuesta a la continuidad pedagógica en el contexto de aislamiento producido por la COVID-19." (Introducción, página 27-28)
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"En este documento presentamos una secuencia didáctica para que las y los docentes trabajen en el aula sobre las desinformaciones en contextos electorales teniendo en cuenta que las y los adolescentes son parte fundamental de los debates públicos e incluso en varios países pueden ejercer el derec
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ho al voto. Si bien es de esperar que los contenidos específicos de las desinformaciones puedan variar a lo largo del tiempo y de país en país (y en niveles subnacionales), hay algunos elementos del fenómeno que son comunes en toda la región y en todos los períodos electorales. Proponemos abordar estos elementos en las aulas como una estrategia para mitigar la masiva circulación de estos contenidos y propiciar que jóvenes tomen decisiones informadas, un desafío que, por supuesto, tenemos también las personas adultas. En el Programa de Educación de Chequeado sabemos que la escuela en general y los docentes en particular pueden promover espacios de participación que fomenten la construcción de habilidades de pensamiento crítico para que, al momento de votar, las y los jóvenes lo hagan a partir de información verificada. Entendemos que enseñar en la escuela estas habilidades, especialmente aquellas vinculadas con la identificación de desinformación, como parte de la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI) es prioritario para el fortalecimiento del sistema democrático." (Introducción)
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"Paradoxes of Media and Information Literacy contributes to ongoing conversations about control of knowledge and different ways of knowing. It does so by analysing why media and information literacy (MIL) is proposed as a solution for addressing the current information crisis. Questioning why MIL is
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commonly believed to wield such power, the book throws into sharp relief several paradoxes that are built into common understandings of such literacies. Haider and Sundin take the reader on a journey across different fields of practice, research and policymaking, including librarianship, information studies, teaching and journalism, media and communication and the educational sciences. The authors also consider national information policy proposals and the recommendations of NGOs or international bodies, such as UNESCO and the OECD. Showing that MIL plays an active role in contemporary controversies, such as those on climate change or vaccination, Haider and Sundin argue that such controversies challenge existing notions of fact and ignorance, trust and doubt, and our understanding of information access and information control. The book thus argues for the need to unpack and understand the contradictions forming around these notions in relation to MIL, rather than attempting to arrive at a single, comprehensive definition." (Abstract)
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