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Media focus
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Output Type
14725
Information Manipulation in Sudan: A Baseline Assessment of Actors, Narratives and Tactics
Thomson Foundation (2026), 81 pp.
"The destruction of Sudan’s established information infrastructure at the outset of the conflict in April 2023 has created an environment where systematic information manipulation and disinformation campaigns now flourish unchecked. This has intersected with increasing systematic information manip
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ulation and disinformation campaigns led by warring actors, from the politicised military apparatus to geopolitical influencers including bots and trolls, all wielding significant influence. The result is an information environment characterised by alternative ‘facts’, misleading narratives and information, and hate speech, all of which continue to further entrench divisions, fuel conflict, and destroy social cohesion.
The information war in Sudan operates as a deliberate hybrid warfare strategy, where the digital dissemination of disinformation and hate speech functions as a systematic precursor to physical violence and military operations. Hate speech is not spontaneous but constitutes organised work running parallel to the military conflict. Its primary function is to trigger citizens’ deepest instincts such as fears about threats to their honour, women, and family in order to mobilise and recruit them into fighting for the armed factions.
Beyond territory, the conflict has deliberately instrumentalised and intensified social divisions that transcend geographic boundaries. Both armed factions have actively promoted hate speech and exploited ethnic, regional, and racial animosities to build constituencies and legitimise atrocities, eroding social cohesion across Sudanese society. In many instances, these hate speech campaigns have preceded military operations or have been used to build momentum and justification for the continuation of the conflict and continuous death and violence." (Page 74)
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Creating effective environmental communication strategies: A ten step guide for practitioners
Key Guides
Gland (CH): International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) (2026), xi, 143 pp.
"Creating Effective Environmental Communication Strategies offers conservation professionals a straightforward, ten-step guide for designing and delivering strategic communication that drives measurable conservation impacts. Written for government focal points, NGO staff, scientists, privatesector
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partners, community organisers, and the communication specialists who support them, the guide positions communication as a core management tool rather than a last-minute public relations add-on.
At its core, the guide recognises that conservation succeeds only when people change unsustainable practices as a result of targeted attitude changes and knowledge gains. In this process, information alone is not the missing link between a problem and a solution. Instead, the authors frame communication as a two-way, participatory dialogue in which meaning and messages are co-created by and with audiences rather than bombarded on them. Drawing on holistic learning models (Head-Heart-Hands) and KAP-related social marketing insights about incentives, audience segmentation, media selection, and storytelling the guide shows practitioners how to move all parties involved from “being aware” to “ready for action” in ten logically consistent steps that build on each other.
The ten steps unfold across four phases of a project life cycle. Assessment covers situation analysis, stakeholder and KAP research, and the drafting of specific, measurable communication objectives. Planning stress-tests the change hypothesis, secures partner buy-in, and selects the most effective media mix for each audience segment. Production walks teams through message design, media and material production, and pre-testing for clarity, socio-cultural fit, and call for action. Finally, Action & Reflection guides roll-out, adaptive management, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation (M&E) that feed lessons back into future work. Throughout this management cycle, the guide insists on regular learning loops so adjustments happen in real time rather than ex-post.
A separate SeedBox of more than thirty plug-and-play so-called “seeds”—stakeholder maps, force field diagrams, media use planners, indicator scorecards, and more—anchors every step, enabling users to apply concepts immediately without reinventing templates. Case studies such as Venezuela’s Flying Together campaign related to threatened bird species and the nationwide conservation radio drama as part of My Green Mongolia translate theory into real-world outcomes and demonstrate how adaptable the framework is to different cultures, languages, and resource levels." (Executive summary)
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"This people-centered playbook [...] is designed to give you the essentials of AI adoption in a quick, accessible format, with core concepts, foundational steps, and key frameworks without overwhelming detail. Built for impact-driven teams in low-resource or non-tech-first contexts, it answers the m
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ost common questions and provides enough context to get oriented fast. The playbook focuses on helping you get started, from discovering the right problem to designing responsible solutions and launching initial pilots. While we touch on scaling considerations, our deeper emphasis is on laying the right foundation so that when you are ready to scale, you do so responsibly and sustainably. Use this when you need quick answers or want to introduce AI implementation concepts to your team. What you are reading now is just the beginning. As AI continues to advance and as we learn from teams putting these approaches into practice, this Playbook will expand with it. We do not expect this to be a silver bullet solution, nor do we have all the answers. That is why we are releasing this version early, to invite you to build along with us, share feedback, and help refine and expand this resource as your AI adoption journey unfolds. Your insights and experiences will directly shape what this becomes." (Executive summary)
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Information Ecosystems and Troubled Democracy: A Global Synthesis of the State of Knowledge on New Media, AI and Data Governance
Deep Insights
Robin Mansell, Flavia Durach, Matthias C Kettemann, Théophile Lenoir, Rob Procter, Gyan Tripathi, Emily Tucker
Paris: International Observatory on Information and Democracy (2025), xxxvi, 265 pp.
"This report is an invitation to grapple with the complex interplay between infrastructure, media systems, civil society, and public sector institutions. Our findings suggest that effective policy solutions must: acknowledge the historical, political, economic, and social forces that shape informati
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on flows and sociotechnical systems; develop holistic approaches that consider the entire ecosystem rather than isolated interventions; understand how data governance and AI systems fundamentally influence information production, dissemination, and consumption; use a wider array of authorities and policy tools to create legal, regulatory and normative frameworks that protect democratic values while empowering communities and individuals who are embedded in increasingly opaque sociotechnical systems. By exploring both individual-level phenomena and systemic dynamics, this report suggests how legislative, regulatory, competition, education and other public authorities as well as tech platforms and citizens themselves all have a role to play in cultivating information ecosystems where democracy can better thrive." (Foreword by Courtney Radsch, page v-vi)
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Reporting on Moldova’s Elections: Strategies used by independent media to reach communities targeted by disinformation campaigns
International Fund for Public Interest Media (IFPIM) (2025), 15 pp.
"This short report explores the weaponisation of disinformation during the 2024 presidential elections in the Republic of Moldova, where pro-EU candidate Maia Sandu was the target of concerted smear campaigns, voter manipulation, and interference orchestrated by Russia. According to some estimates,
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Kremlin-backed networks spent more than USD 100 million on promoting proxy political parties as part of a wider strategy to steer the former Soviet republic back into Russia’s sphere of influence. Moldova’s independent media are widely credited with having played a crucial role in exposing these efforts and in empowering voters, particularly young people, to make informed decisions. This brief builds on existing research and captures the methods used by six media outlets to reach diverse segments of the population and penetrate echo chambers. It seeks to identify replicable models and share insights that could be adapted for use in different contexts. The outlets are Agora, Diez, Jurnal TV, Newsmaker, TV8, and Ziarul de Gardă, all of which receive financial support from the International Fund for Public Interest Media (IFPIM)." (Introduction)
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Measuring Digital Development: The ICT Development Index
Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 36 pp.
"I am pleased to present the 2025 edition of the ICT Development Index (IDI). This is the third edition based on the revised methodology adopted by Member States in 2023. The current IDI is anchored in the concept of universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC), a term coined by ITU in 2021 that has
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since gained broad traction. Many governments and organizations are embracing this concept, based on the premise that realizing the full potential of connectivity requires more than access – it also means addressing barriers such as affordability, digital skills, and connection quality.
On the path to UMC, the IDI serves as an important tool for tracking progress. The 2025 results show continued global advances in connectivity, with nearly all economies improving their performance. It is encouraging that low-income countries tend to be progressing the fastest, although from a low base. Gaps with higher-income countries remain wide.
This edition also presents attention to the situation of Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs), and Small Island Developing States (SIDS). While these groups often face significant structural challenges, the IDI sheds light on their evolving digital landscapes and the markedly different trajectories within each group. These internal disparities highlight the importance of context-specific policies and targeted support." (Foreword)
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20 Years of Networking for Independent Media Worldwide
Forum Media and Development (fome) (2025), 31 pp.
"Twenty years ago, representatives from a handful of organisations involved in media development cooperation established the Forum Media and Development (fome). Some could draw on nearly 40 years of experience, some were newbies in the field of media development assistance. However, it was only thre
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e years earlier that all these actors had met for the first time to share information about their specific work and common challenges. After a few meetings and a jointly organised conference — known today as fome symposium — the founding members decided to collaborate more closely to sustain this exchange and their commitment to shared goals. Meanwhile, 31 organisations and institutions from Germany and Switzerland have been forming a stable network for years. Instruments and focal points have evolved over the past 20 years; the shared goals and, consequently, the ongoing tasks have remained consistent for fome members: learning from one another and from partners; coordination of joint action and collaboration; promotion of media support within development cooperation. In fact, media development has gained a significantly stronger presence within German development assistance over the last decades. In the early years of fome's existence, media was one of several cross-cutting themes, for which four hours of the responsible staff member's time were allocated in the governmental administration. Currently, two staff members are responsible for media assistance within the BMZ — the German Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation. A fixed title has been established in the budget plan since 2015: ’Promotion of media, access to information, and freedom of expression in partner countries’. Over the years, this amount increased to €30 million. However, the sum was not increased in the fourth year, which ultimately signifies a slight decline, as personnel and material costs have risen during the same period.
The challenges in media assistance, however, increased over these 20 years. Digital media caused the breakdown of traditional funding business models, and especially local communication spaces are becoming more vulnerable.Never before have so many journalists faced such severe threats — being murdered in war zones, imprisoned by authoritarian regimes, and subjected to hate speech and open threats on social media. Digital media serve as tools of hybrid warfare, and the ways in which propaganda and misinformation influence democratic elections and societal debates have increased. AI will further boost the potential of deepfakes. Therefore, combating disinformation remains a key focus of German media support. However, fighting disinformation also involves backing credible media organisations and making independent journalists as resilient as possible against various forms of attack. It also involves identifying the most effective ways of publishing and accessing information, as well as exploring the potential of AI in journalists' professional environments. The most effective approaches to achieve this have been the subject of learning and discussion in the fome network during the last 20 years, and they will be explored within the fome network over the next 20 years. Some of the member organisations featured in this brochure highlight one of their projects, which they implement with media professionals in the so-called Global South. The individual articles also demonstrate the diversity of the member organisations and their various areas of activity across different regions of the world." (Introduction by Sofie Jannusch)
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Mulheres da comunicação: Região Centro-Oeste
Deep Insights
"Este livro celebra a trajetória acadêmica das mulheres que ajudaram a construir o campo da Comunicação no Brasil. Organizado por regiões, os volumes resgatam as histórias de pesquisadoras que, como fundadoras e consolidadoras, desafiaram estruturas e deixaram sua marca na produção de conhec
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imento. A iniciativa dá visibilidade a essas mulheres, destacando suas contribuições para o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão universitária, ao mesmo tempo em que preserva a memória de sua atuação no desenvolvimento da área." (Verso)
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Human Development Report 2025: A Matter of Choice. People and Possibilities in the Age of AI
Deep Insights
New York: UNDP (2025), xi, 307 pp.
"This year’s Human Development Report examines what distinguishes this new era of AI from previous digital transformations and what those differences could mean for human development (chapter 1), including how AI can enhance or subvert human agency (chapter 2). People are already interacting with
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AI in different ways at different stages of life, in effect scoping out possibilities good and bad and underscoring how context and choices can make all the difference (chapter 3). Human agency is the price when people buy into AI hype, which can exacerbate exclusion (chapter 4) and harm sustainability. And, of course, who produces AI and for what matter a lot for everyone (chapter 5). Letting people take the reins makes good sense, because they expect AI to be a growing part of their lives. A global survey for this Report found that, at all levels of the Human Development Index (HDI), AI use is already substantial (for about 20 percent of respondents) and is expected to shoot up fast. About two-thirds of respondents in low, medium and high HDI countries expect to use AI in education, health and work—the
three HDI dimensions—within one year." (Overview, pages 3-4)
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Small world: International factual programming on public service channels (2023-24)
London: International Broadcasting Trust (IBT) (2025), 19 pp.
"This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the UK’s Public Service Broadcasters (PSBs) in covering global events through current affairs and other factual programmes on television channels. To achieve this, we analysed the volume, originality, scheduling, genre, and geographic focus of inte
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rnational (non-news) factual programmes broadcast on the main seven UK public service channels – BBC One, BBC Two, BBC Three, BBC Four, ITV 1, Channel 4 and Channel 5 – in 2023 and 2024. Our most striking finding is that well over half of all international factual programmes were travelogues. This genre was especially common on ITV 1, Channel 5, BBC Four and BBC Two. However, we also identified a distinct lack of diversity amongst the presenters of these programmes. Nine of the ten most frequently appearing presenters of international travelogues were men. The only woman to feature on this top ten list was the singer and television presenter, Jane McDonald, who presented programmes such as Jane McDonald: Lost in Japan on Channel 5. The journalist and broadcaster, Clive Myrie was the only non-white presenter in the top ten. We also find that international factual programmes were very heavily concentrated on a small number of countries. Two thirds of international factual programming in our sample focussed on just 15 countries – with the USA, Italy and Spain receiving the most coverage – primarily in the form of travelogues. Although the conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza both received a significant amount of coverage in documentaries and current affairs programmes, 35 countries experiencing humanitarian crises collectively received just 6.5% of all international factual programming across both years. Chad, the Central African Republic and Burundi received no coverage at all. In 2024, approximately six million people in Chad needed humanitarian assistance due to a protracted and multidimensional humanitarian crisis." (Executive summary)
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Impacto de programas de apoyo de grandes plataformas digitales a medios de comunicación en América Latina: Los casos Google News Initiative y Meta for Media
Montevideo: Observacom (2025), 43 pp.
"1. Los apoyos, herramientas y recursos económicos analizados no son ni cercanamente suficientes para reducir los daños que su capacidad de control genera en los medios ni en la actividad periodística.
2. El impacto cuantitativo es relativamente menor; esto sucede tanto en lo económico como en
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la lista de beneficiarios.
3. En términos económicos es poco dinero. Como se expuso en el trabajo, la evidencia demuestra que, en el programa de impulso a las noticias latinoamericanas, Google invirtió el 0,09 % de lo facturado en los países de la región. Mientras que la región aporta el 5 % de la facturación, y eso explica el 14 % de lo invertido a través del GNI.
4. En términos de diversidad de actores beneficiados, la lista es pequeña con relación al universo de medios: no completan la oferta de noticias y periodismo que se produce a nivel nacional de cada país y región. No es representativa de la variedad de la oferta y excluye tanto a medios nativos digitales como a medios privados no comerciales y públicos. Tampoco incluye medios de distintas provincias o grandes ciudades que no son capitales del país.
5. Los programas profundizan la dependencia estructural de los medios respecto a Google y Facebook. La evidencia ofrecida expone que muchos medios reconocen que sin los fondos del GNI no podrían haber desarrollado proyectos específicos, diseñados por las plataformas [...]" ( Lectura final y conclusiones, página 39)
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El periodismo nicaragüense está vivo
Bogotá: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES), FES Comunicación (2025), 73 pp.
"En este libro, 12 periodistas nicaragüenses exiliados relatan sus historias y su pasión por el periodismo. A pesar del dolor, el desarraigo y la separación familiar continúan su labor informativa, denuncian las agresiones contra la prensa y los abusos a los derechos humanos. Además, presenta u
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n mapeo de medios nicaragüenses que funcionan desde el exilio. Las personas que presentan sus historias provienen de diferentes territorios de Nicaragua y cuentan con experiencias en radio, televisión, prensa escrita y medios digitales. Sus historias reflejan las diferentes fases de la represión contra la libertad de prensa en Nicaragua." (Página 7)
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