"The general objective of this Model Protocol is to serve as a reference in the development or updating of intervention and interaction protocols for security forces regarding the media, in accordance with international standards on freedom of expression, access to information and safety of journali
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sts. The Model Protocol will also serve the media and civil society organizations to promote good practices between the police and the press, and to contribute to improving the safety of journalists in the region, with an emphasis on differential risk assessment and specific protective measures for women journalists. Finally, this Model can serve as a pedagogical tool for police academies, as well as for journalism or communication schools. The Model Protocol covers three of the areas of interaction that generally exhibit higher stress levels: (1) the interaction of security forces with journalists in social protest contexts; (2) investigations of crimes by security forces and access to information by the press; and (3) the threats and other attacks on the press, as well as the responses by security forces to prevent and investigate these actions with a gender perspective." (Introduction, page 7)
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"Online and platform content that may cause harm through the breach of human rights is sufficiently widespread to have raised concerns about the potentially severe implications for the future of trust, safety, democracy and sustainable development. A certain amount of this content is curbed by the d
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ominant commercial platforms’ content moderation mechanisms. Much still escapes their nets and in worst cases is algorithmically amplified and even supported by advertising. Some smaller platforms expressly allow hatred and conspiracy theories, even facilitating the organisation of offline attacks on democracy. The roots of the problems lie in : ‘attention economics’, automated advertising systems, external manipulators, company spending priorities and stakeholder knowledge deficits. Of value in addressing these problems will be the development of guidelines for regulating platforms, centred on safeguarding human rights, promoting transparency and limiting the business processes and technical mechanisms that underpin potentially harmful content online." (Key trends uncovered, page 2)
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"Platform problems are linked to the fact that they are not self-governing according to agreed industry standards but mainly ‘solo-governing’ when it comes to content curation and moderation. Reaction to the failure of current platform efforts to regulate content includes the danger of over-regu
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lation by state entities, which carries real risks to freedom of expression. The purview of what may need to be part of new regulatory arrangements includes the interplay between policy, practice, business models and technology. There is a pluralism of platforms and other actors in the “tech stack”, who have different roles in the online content landscape, with concomitant implications for regulatory arrangements. Independent media, whistle-blowers and civil society organisations are significant factors in pushing platform accountability but mechanisms of transparency should be considered for regulatory protections and support. New technology is raising new challenges for platforms’ content moderation. Platform policy and practice is especially significant for elections." (Key trends uncovered, page 2)
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"Platform policies lack clarity about the relationship between them, and also about how policies should be applied at global and local levels. How platforms understand and identify harms is insufficiently mapped to human rights standards, and there is a gap in how policy elements should deal with di
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fferent rights or with business models when there are tensions. Policies are not always transparent and do not provide sufficiently for risk assessment. Implementation and enforcement by platforms have serious shortfalls, while attempts to improve outcomes by automating moderation have their limits. Inequalities in policy and practice abound in relation to different categories of people, countries and languages. Of value in addressing these problems could be the development of guidance for the governance and regulation of frameworks that sets out suggested standards and parameters for platform policies and related operations." (Key trends uncovered, page 2)
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"[...] While many AI deployments serve public interest, journalists also need insight and expertise to alert about aspects like exclusions, unequal benefits, and violations of human rights. As part of its journalism education series, UNESCO’s International Programme for the Development of Communic
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ation (IPDC) has supported the World Journalism Education Council in commissioning this handbook. The aim is to inspire and empower so that journalism educators can help both journalism students and working journalists do justice to one of the major issues of our times. The handbook covers: understanding machine intelligence and identifying different types of AI; exploring AI’s potential, as well as its strengths and weaknesses; imagining diverse futures with AI by recognising pervasive popular narratives that inform public consciousness; understanding journalism’s role in mediating and shaping AI discourse; finding ways of reporting about AI in a nuanced, realistic and accountable manner; making connections to existing genres of journalism, ranging from general news reporting to data journalism." (Short summary)
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"Trends towards greater transparency of platforms, in the form of extending cooperation around data, offer benefit to the interests of all stakeholders. This policy brief considers the normative, institutional and technical mechanisms that support access to datasets that are not accessible generally
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but have public interest value. The analysis below maps the general trends and issues, then proceeds to assess the separate cases of journalists’ safety and media viability, and concludes with recommendations." (Abstract)
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"A total of 4,094 news stories were collected and analysed across 12 selected media outlets for a period of one month, from 2 January 2023 to 31 January 2023, by trained monitors. This study revealed a grim picture of women’s under-representation and misrepresentation in Cambodian news. This is a
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call to action for media owners and managers, senior editors, journalists, journalist associations to be intentional about women’s presence and portrayal in the news, to report the news from women’s perspectives and to regard women in news as an everyday topic rather than a marginalised topic. It is also a call to action to the Royal Government of Cambodia to support the Ministry of Women’s Affairs to monitor women’s presence and portrayal in news and in media outlets and to call out breaches to the Joint Prakas On Media Code of Conduct for Reporting on Violence Against Women, and to redress the gender imbalance of government spokespeople across all Ministries. This study did not extend to examining the impact on society of women being under-represented and misrepresented in news. Nevertheless, we do know that news media help shape public discourse and who or what is selected to appear in the news and how individuals are portrayed can influence people’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours (Flood & Pease, 2009).
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"This guide aims to provide information to help improve press coverage of the Universal Periodic Review (UPR) on issues relating to the right to freedom of expression, the safety of journalists and access to information with the purpose of improving their ability to inform the public, to a professio
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nal standard, about the various parts of the process and, in doing so, increase the accountability of the various players involved in the review. Journalists themselves are victims of human rights violations around the world. These guidelines are also relevant to helping them understand how to report any violations of their freedom of expression and/or safety that might occur." (About the guide)
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"The first part of these guidelines describes specific stakes related to Public Sector Information and Data (PSID) Access. It starts by defining PSID and their typology, continues by positioning their access at the heart of RTI, and stresses its role in giving a new boost to GPDI promotion. PSID dis
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closure and dissemination multidimensional values, are then described from governance, social, cultural, economic perspectives. Ubiquitous and intelligent technologies’ Impact on PSID is discussed at the end of this part. The second part highlights main issues to consider while developing and promoting PSID access, and how to address them. The focus is put on components necessary to any normative framework for a broader, trustworthy and inclusive disclosure, namely its constitutional basis, strategic levers, legal foundations, and structures to support PSID requests and appeals. Other dire ctives are also proposed to ensure a serene and sustainable PSID disclosure, such as balancing PSID access and privacy, proactive release, intellectual property protection, and request algorithms transparency. This part describes also how set-up and reinforce institutional capacities to oversee access to information, as well as practices and directives necessary to manage PSID resources." (Introduction, page 10)
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"This toolkit has been co-designed in close partnership with both established and emerging networks of Indigenous digital practitioners, language advocates, and collaborators, within the framework of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages 2022-2032. The toolkit promotes the foundation of l
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anguage preservation, revival, and promotion on eight key approaches: Facilitating, Multiplying, Normalizing, Educating, Reclaiming, Imagining, Defending and Protecting. It also offers a curated list of valuable resources, including guides, tutorials, and manuals for utilizing digital tools. In conjunction with the advisory group established for the toolkit’s preparation and other collaborating organizations, it presents a wealth of inspiring stories showcasing innovative projects that have made a significant impact on languages at local, national, or global levels." (Short summary)
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"This report examines the regional and global state of Media and Information Literacy (MIL), a major theme identified in the Education 2030 Framework for Action. It is divided in three major sections: 1) definition of MIL, 2) good practices (curricula and pedagogy, teacher preparation, assessment) a
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nd 3) examples of collaboration between non-state actors and governments [...] The conclusion points to some recommendations in relation to the identified challenges. It suggests, inter alia: to place MIL in the remit of education systems, by inscribing it in the basic core curriculum, from K1 to K12; to bridge the gap between policy formulation and effective implementation, by making MIL training a compulsory component of teacher certification; to break the glass ceiling of sensible practices, by promoting more coordination among actors in the sector and fostering a global MIL governance." (Abstract)
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"1. Consideration should be given at an early stage of an investigation whether there are connections between the victim’s journalistic activities and the crimes committed against them. 2. Investigators should be given specific training around the issues and challenges faced in investigating crime
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s against journalists. 3. Journalistic sources are confidential and should be treated as such at every stage of the investigation and judicial proceedings. Authorities must take all possible measures to ensure the protection of journalistic material/confidential data that may lead to the identification of sources. 4. Consideration should be given to the creation of specialist units or teams dedicated to investigating and prosecuting crimes against journalists. 5. Investigators may benefit from cooperation and liaison with other investigative forces, notably transnational ones and specialist units, who may be able to provide specialist technical expertise. 6. While the role of law enforcement agents, including forensic investigators, differs according to their investigative jurisdiction, it is important that international good practice regarding the investigation of cases involving journalists applies. 7. Investigations into crimes against journalists must be effective, thorough, impartial, independent and prompt. When possible, information on the investigation should be provided to the public through the media in an open and transparent manner, and taking care to avoid prejudicing the investigation or breaching court orders. 8. In cases where there are credible allegations of the involvement of State agents in crimes against journalists, investigations should be carried out by an authority outside the jurisdiction, or sphere of influence of those authorities." (Summary of key recommendations)
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"Cuando se revisa lo que plantea la UNESCO en la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional (AMI), puede constatarse que no se trata de una propuesta de enseñanza y aprendizaje instrumental referido a la información y a los medios y tecnologías
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de comunicación: su alcance tiene que ver con comprender y actuar respecto a lo que generan en la sociedad. Esto es, vincular de manera crítica dicha enseñanza y aprendizaje mediático con la realidad circundante. Esta perspectiva se profundiza cuando la AMI se propone fortalecer una convivencia humana solidaria, equitativa y democrática. En otras palabras, el conocer los alcances del manejo de la información y de la comunicación mediática en sus distintas expresiones debe tener un sentido constructivo en favor de toda sociedad. La UNESCO ha publicado el Currículum para Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional para Educadores y Estudiantes (2021), hecho que devela el valor que le brinda a llegar con la AMI a la mayor parte de la población desde la educación básica." (Introducción)
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"Journalism education, being heavily focusing on experiential learning and face-to-face interaction, is particularly challenged when it comes to remote teaching and learning. This manual aims to provide journalism instructors the resources to improve their teaching in digital spaces. The subject mat
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ter includes: planning a new online course from scratch or transitioning an existing face-to-face course to online delivery; strategies to curb academic dishonesty in online courses; creating a student-centered learning environment; ways to support diversity in the virtual classroom; the future of online journalism education, drawing on what the pandemic period has taught." (Short summary)
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"These Guidelines recognize the value of ODL as one of the most sustainable methods for overcoming the educational barriers faced by persons with disabilities. They also highlight and illustrate the facets of an ODL- facilitated education system using open educational resources (OER), free and open-
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source software (FOSS) and open access (OA) research. These Guidelines provide an overview for governments, institutions, educators and instructional designers, along with quality assurance and recognition bodies, when developing ODL platforms, processes and related aspects of ODL and reviewing courses with a view to incorporating the needs of users living with disabilities." (Back cover)
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