Filter
130
Featured
Free Access
75
Inspiring Practice
3
Quick Overview
1
Top Insights
11
Topics
Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
15
Community Radios
9
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
8
Politics and Media
7
Civil Wars
6
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
5
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
5
Crime & Violence Reporting
5
ICT Industries & Markets
5
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
5
Democracy / Democratization and Media
5
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
4
Communication Rights
4
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
4
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
4
Government Communication Strategies
4
Human Security Reporting
4
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
4
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
4
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
4
Media Concentration
4
Journalism
4
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
4
Media & Communication Policies
4
Media Law & Regulation
4
Television
4
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
3
Media Use, Media Consumption
3
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
3
Election Campaigns
3
Film Markets
3
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
3
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
3
Creative & Cultural Industries
3
ICT Regulation
3
Television Markets
3
Educational Radio Programmes
3
Educational Television
3
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
3
Radio Landscapes
3
Television Landscapes
3
Radio Law & Regulation
3
Politics
3
Political Communication
3
Telecommunication Infrastructure
3
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Audiences & Users
2
Audience Research
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
2
Clandestine Radios
2
Film Actors, Directors & Producers, Filmmakers
2
Film Industries
2
Latin American Cinema
2
Videos
2
Editorial Independence
2
Freedom of Expression
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Censorship
2
Killings of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Alternative Communication & Media
2
Comunicación Popular
2
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
2
War Reporting
2
Democracy Assistance
2
Financing Digital / Online Media
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Indicators
2
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
2
Digital Economies & Markets
2
Media Ownership
2
Educational Broadcasting
2
Radio Schools
2
Ethics in Media & Communication
2
Journalism Ethics
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Journalists
2
Safety of Journalists: Law & Public Policies
2
Election Reporting
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Media, Mass Media
2
Media & Information Literacy
2
Press Landscapes
2
Democracy Assistance: Human Rights Assistance
2
Asociación de Radios y Programas Participativos de El Salvador (ARPAS)
2
Guerillas, Insurgent Groups, Revolutionary Movements
2
Democracy Assistance: Electoral Assistance
2
Election Campaigns: Social Media
2
Influence of Media on Politics
2
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
2
Public Opinion
2
Press
2
Media Reception
2
Youth Violence & Violence Prevention
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Book Reading Habits, Book Readers, Book Consumption
1
Disinformation Consumption & Perception
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Television Use: Children
1
Music Consumption & Use
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Print Media Use, Press Readers
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Authoritarian Regimes, Dictatorships
1
Children's Books & Literature
1
Transnational Book Trade, International Book Trade
1
Campaigning
1
Development Communication Campaigns
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Church
1
Catholic Church: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Catholic Radios
1
Catholic Television
1
Animated Cartoons, Animated Films
1
Puppetry
1
Christian Churches & Denominations
1
Christian Television Programmes
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Film and Religion, Religion in Motion Pictures
1
Educational Films & Videos
1
Feature Films
1
Films
1
History of Film & Cinema
1
Public Film Policies, Film Legislation, Public Film Funding
1
Television Programme & Format Trade
1
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Plagiarism
1
Legal Threats to Media Freedom
1
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
1
Self-Censorship
1
Government Propaganda
1
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
1
Alternative Radios
1
Community Development: Role of Communication & Media
1
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
1
Community Media Policies & Regulation
1
ALER
1
Community Radio Policies
1
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
1
Community Television
1
Reconciliation Work
1
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Violence in the Media: Reception & Effects
1
Violence in the Media: Television
1
Contents of Media
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Theatre Audiences
1
Acculturation
1
Cultural Processes
1
Cultural Goods
1
Cultural Heritage
1
Cultural Projects (Development Cooperation)
1
Cultural Role & Influence of Media
1
Culture (General)
1
Popular Cultures
1
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Development Aid Reporting
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Internet
1
Electronic Commerce
1
Digital Political Communication
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Internet Markets
1
Digital Media Markets
1
Social Media
1
Facebook
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
Websites
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
ICT Development Assistance
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
Afro-Latin Americans, Afroamerican Population
1
Election Campaigns: Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Economics of Media
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Radio Industries
1
Music Markets
1
Press Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Transnational Media Markets, International Media Markets
1
Video Markets
1
Living Conditions
1
Financial Sector, Banks
1
National Economies
1
Trade, International Trade, Trade Policies, Trade Agreements, Tariffs
1
Education and Communication / Media
1
Adult Education
1
Curricula: School Education
1
Educación Popular
1
Educational Radios
1
Environmental Education
1
Instructional Media & Teaching Materials
1
Programmed Learning
1
Interactive Audio Learning, Interactive Digital Learning, Interactive Radio Instruction
1
Media Assistance: Educational & Instructional Media
1
Media Didactics, Media Use in Education
1
Nonformal Education
1
Open, Distance and Digital Education (ODDE)
1
Soap Operas & Telenovelas
1
Environmental Communication
1
Climate Change Communication, Climate Journalism
1
Environmental Journalism
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Codes of Journalistic Ethics
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Gender Relations
1
Good Practice Examples
1
COVID-19 Communication
1
History of Journalism
1
History of Radio
1
History of the Press
1
Indigenous Radio Broadcasting
1
Perceptions & Attitudes Towards Indigenous Peoples
1
Public Funding & Support Policies: Indigenous Communication
1
International Communication
1
Foreign Television Programmes
1
Latin America: Foreign Media Representation & Image Abroad
1
World Trade Orgaization (WTO)
1
Journalism Education & Training
1
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
1
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
1
Labour Market for Journalists
1
News Agencies
1
Print Journalism
1
Reporting & Media Representation: Specific Issues
1
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
1
Political Reporting
1
Poverty & Impoverished People: Reporting & Media Representation
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Local Radios, Local Radio Programmes
1
Media Assistance: Institutional Support & Core Funding
1
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
1
Social Communication
1
Stereotypes in Media & Communication
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Human Rights
1
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
1
Licensing of Media
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Transitional Justice
1
Budgeting, Cost Calculation, Financial Planning
1
Digital Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Romero, Óscar Arnulfo (1917-1980)
1
Photographers
1
Government
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Culture
1
Populism
1
Political Opposition
1
Political Participation
1
Political Parties
1
Political Systems
1
Democracy
1
Security
1
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
1
Propaganda
1
Political Transition and Media
1
Public Spheres
1
Newspapers
1
Voces (Newspaper, El Salvador)
1
Project Design, Project Planning
1
Public & State Television
1
Radio
1
Manipulation
1
Television Reception & Effects
1
Buddhism
1
Islam
1
Religion (General)
1
Religious Populism
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Research Results
1
Social Conflicts, Social Problems
1
Disappeared People, Missing People
1
Society
1
COVID-19 Pandemic: Economic, Political and Social Effects
1
Networks & Networking
1
Participation
1
Reality & Communication, Truth & Media
1
Social Change
1
Revolutions
1
Technologies, Information & Communication Technologies
1
Blockchain Technologies
1
Digital Switchover
1
Digital Television
1
Satellite Communication & Information Services
1
Telecommunications
1
Telephone
1
Regional Television
1
Reality Television Programmes & Daily Talks
1
Signs, Signals, Semiotics
1
Youth: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
Journalism under Duress: Worlds of Journalism Study Report (Wave 3: 2021–2025)
Munich: Ludwig-Maximilian Universität (LMU), WJS Center (2025), 371 pp.
"This report presents findings from the third wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study (WJS3), conducted between 2021 and 2025. In this iteration, we focused on journalists’ perceptions of risk and uncertainty in their profession and sought to identify key factors that shape how journalists navigate
...
En la mira: Seguridad y principales amenazas digitales en América Latina
Derechos Digitales (2024), 41 pp.
Radios católicas en América Latina y el Caribe
Top Insights
Bogotá: Consejo Episcopal Latinoamericano y Caribeño (CELAM) (2024), 264 pp.
"1. Un asunto de identidad: No existe una única definición de lo que es una radio católica y esa circunstancia que puede ser sana también genera división en los medios. [...]
2. Medios para la comunión: Una conclusión que se desprende de las entrevistas aquí realizadas es que los medios poc
...
Barriers to Press Freedoms in Central America: Literature Review Report
USAID (2024), 40 pp.
Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas: Audiencia regional
Top Insights
Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights;Media Defence;Associação Brasileira de Jornalismo Investigativo (Abraji);Article 19;Asocación de Periodistas de El Salvador (APES);Asociação de Jornalismo Digital (AJOR);Centro Prodh;Coalização em defesa do Jornalismo;Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ);CIMAC;El Veinte (2024), 68 pp.
"El presente informe detalla la información aportada durante la audiencia regional temática "Afectaciones al derecho a la libertad de expresión por medidas estatales de censura en las Américas" liderada por 25 organizaciones de la sociedad civil durante el 190° Período Ordinario de Sesiones de
...
Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA): El Salvador
USAID, Digital Frontiers Project (2023), 90 pp.
"The El Salvador Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) report presents the findings and recommendations of the El Salvador DECA. It outlines the key aspects of El Salvador’s digital ecosystem and provides 10 recommendations for creating a more inclusive, safe, and enabling environment. Guide
...
The Unfreedom Monitor: El Salvador Country Report
Amsterdam: Global Voices Advox (2023), 24 pp.
"This report analyses two major incidents: the disclosure that Pegasus spyware has been used against journalists from independent media outlets and representa tives of civil society, and Bukele’s legal advisor’s threats against two women journalists for not revealing anonymous sources included i
...
Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech
Quick Overview
Paris: UNESCO;Ipsos (2023), 35 slides
"On average in the 16 countries surveyed, 56% of internet users frequently use social media to stay informed about current events, far ahead of television (44%). However, it is worth noting that differences exist among population groups: television is the primary source in the most developed countri
...
Populism, Religion, and Social Media in Central America
International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 28, issue 1 (2023), pp. 138-159
"This paper analyzes how presidential candidates Fabricio Alvarado and Nayib Bukele used Facebook during the elections in Costa Rica (2018) and El Salvador (2019) respectively to develop a particular style of communication that blended populist elements and religious discourse. This style of communi
...
Estudio de mercado y audiencias de medios de comunicación en América Central: El Salvador
Proyecto VIMES;Free Press Unlimited;A-01 (2022), 54 pp.
"Esta publicación presenta información sobre el mercado actual de los medios de comunicación en El Salvador, sobre cómo la población percibe estos medios y cuáles son los hábitos de la audiencia en el consumo de la información. Además, ofrece recomendaciones para mejorar la viabilidad de lo
...
La concentración de audiencia en la televisión salvadoreña: Una lectura desde la medición de rating
Revista Minerva, volume 5, issue 2 (2022), pp. 41-58
"Este artículo forma parte de las investigaciones sobre la concentración de la radio y la televisión en El Salvador y sus efectos en la construcción de lo nacional. Frente a la dependencia cultural, la televisión en El Salvador experimenta cambios en los flujos de su programación. Cada vez exi
...
Entorno regulatorio y políticas públicas para la sostenibilidad de los medios comunitarios en El Salvador
Montevideo: Observacom (2022), 47 pp.
Viabilidade da mídia: Consultas nacionais sobre soluções para promoção e preservação de sua independência. Brasil, El Salvador, Indonésia, Jamaica, Líbano, Namíbia, Nigéria, Paquistão, Senegal e Tunísia
Brasilia: UNESCO;Free Press Unlimited (2022), 32 pp.
"Este relatório fornece transcrições resumidas de consultas nacionais sobre a viabilidade da mídia com as partes interessadas no setor dos meios de comunicação. As consultas nacionais são baseadas nas trocas de conhecimento e pesquisas proporcionadas pela UNESCO e pela The Economist Intellige
...
(No) es la comunicación ... es la política
Bogotá: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) (2022), 274 pp.
"(No) es la comunicación… es la política cuenta cómo los gobiernos han dejado la dirección de la política, la economía y la sociedad a la comunicación. 24 autores en 13 países del continente americano escribieron sobre el uso de la comunicación en tiempos de pandemia. Los textos señalan
...
New money. Bitcoin and cryptoassets in Central America: The case of El Salvador
Potsdam: Friedrich Naumann Stiftung (2022), 16 pp.
"El Salvador’s experiment, though mired with fiscal and political issues from before, has shown that the adoption of public blockchain assets like Bitcoin are not taken in good regard by legacy financial multilateral institutions and are seen with great skepticism and concern. Although the adoptio
...
Project Torogoz: Extensive Hacking of Media & Civil Society in El Salvador with Pegasus Spyware
Toronto: Citizen Lab;Access Now (2022)
"The Citizen Lab and Access Now have conducted a joint investigation into Pegasus hacking in El Salvador in collaboration with Frontline Defenders, SocialTIC, and Fundación Acceso. We confirmed 35 cases of journalists and members of civil society whose phones were successfully infected with NSO’s
...
Estudio de mercado y audiencias de medios de comunicación en América Central: Informe comparativo
Proyecto VIMES;Free Press Unlimited;A-01 (2022), 60 pp.
"Los medios investigados en este estudio llegan más que todo a una población de mayor poder adquisitivo y niveles académicos que buscan un periodismo serio, investigativo, de calidad. Es una audiencia bastante involucrada con el medio. Le gusta a esa audiencia sentirse parte del medio de comunica
...
Global Information Society Watch 2021-2022: Digital Futures for a Post-Pandemic World
Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2022), 268 pp.
"The pandemic made inequality, discrimination, exclusion and structural inequity more palpable, and rather than stagnating in indignation, it reactivated a sense of rebellion and contestation. The strength and sharpness with which we connect social justice, gender justice, environmental justice, eco
...
Media market and audience study in Central America
Proyecto VIMES;Free Press Unlimited;A-01 (2022), 38 pp.
"The reach of the media outlets researched in this study extends above all to a population with greater purchasing power and educational attainment, who are looking for serious, investigative, quality journalism. This audience likes to feel part of the media outlet, collaborate with it, and have dir
...
National Consultations on Solutions to Promote Media Viability While Preserving Media Independence: Consultations on Media Viability in Brazil, El Salvador, Indonesia, Jamaica, Lebanon, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal and Tunisia
Top Insights
Amsterdam: Free Press Unlimited (2021), 33 pp.
"The intersection between media and politics remains very strong in several countries under study. In these conditions, there is often little transparency on media ownership and a lack of transparency on local funding sources of media. Relatedly, in some cases, a change in government policies was ra
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