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The Cost of Business: Gender Dynamics of Media Labor in Afghanistan

Matt Sienkiewicz

In: Precarious Creativity: Global Media, Local Labor

Michael Curtin; Kevin Sanson (eds.)

University of California Press (2016), pp. 104-117

"In this chapter I have strived to move beyond the simple neoliberal critique, attempting to consider more closely the specific, concrete impact of American policies on the work of female Afghan media workers. It would be foolish and dishonest to deny that the American-imposed system of media that c ... more

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Implicit Counterinsurgency: Media, Development and Security in Afghanistan

Nicholas Ross Zevely

George Washington University, Master Thesis (2016), iv, 69 pp.

"This paper focuses on post-September 11, 2001 media assistance in Afghanistan at the confluence of the development and defense sectors, otherwise known as the security-development nexus. It is out of this nexus that a burgeoning press-state system developed amid an ongoing conflict between the Gove ... more

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US Nation-building in Afghanistan

Conor Keane

London; New York: Routledge (2016), vii, 247 pp.

"Why has the US so dramatically failed in Afghanistan since 2001? Dominant explanations have ignored the bureaucratic divisions and personality conflicts inside the US state. This book rectifies this weakness in commentary on Afghanistan by exploring the significant role of these divisions in the US ... more

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Zwischen Information und Mission: Journalisten in Afghanistan. Berufliche Merkmale, Einstellungen und Leistungen

Kefa Hamidi

Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag (2016), 336 pp.

"Kefa Hamidi hat unter den weiterhin komplizierten Bedingungen in Afghanistan fast 200 Journalistinnen und Journalisten zu ihrem beruflichen Rollenselbstverständnis befragt und die Ergebnisse mit Befragungen aus Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern verglichen. Zudem hat er afghanische Medien daraufh ... more

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The Reporting Heroes: A Study on the Condition of Afghan Female Journalists

Afghan Journalists Safety Committee (AJSC) (2016), 13 pp.

"This report reflects the findings of a survey performed by Afghan Journalists Safety Committee on the status of female journalists and media workers in Afghanistan. The purpose of the report is to identify the extensive challenges female journalists and media workers face and develop specific measu ... more

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The enigma of news media development with multi-pronged ‘capture’: The Afghanistan case

Jeannine E. Relly, Margaret Zanger

Journalism, volume 18, issue 10 (2016), pp. 1233-1255

"This qualitative study of influences on a purposive sample of Afghan journalists was carried out in the year after the US military mission was declared over. After more than a hundred million dollars of Western government funding had been invested in development of liberal democratic journalism, th ... more

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The Road to Resilience: Press Freedom in South Asia 2015-16

Laxmi Murthy (ed.)

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ);South Asia Media Solidarity Network (SAMSN) (2016), 113 pp.

"As we stand now, Pakistan’s media continues its stratospheric expansion, but in the midst of curbs and controls and ongoing safety issues. Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka are treading a precarious path to finding credible and independent spaces for the media against economic challenge and political c ... more

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"Stop Reporting or We'll Kill Your Family": Threats to Media Freedom in Afghanistan

Patricia Gossman

New York: Human Rights Watch (2015), 45 pp.

"Afghan journalists face threats from all sides: government officials exploiting weak legal protections to intimidate reporters and editors to compel them not to cover controversial topics; the Taliban and other insurgent groups using threats and violence to compel reporting they consider favorable; ... and police and justice officials letting threats, assaults, and even murders go uninvestigated and unprosecuted. Most of the threats come from individuals acting on behalf of powerful government officials or influential local actors, including militia leaders and so-called warlords. Violent attacks on journalists that go uninvestigated and unpunished reflect wider impunity and failure to establish the rule of law in Afghanistan. Afghan journalists often respond to the dangers with self-censorship. Many steer clear of reporting on sensitive issues—including corruption, land grabbing, violence against women, and human rights abuses—as a means to minimize safety risks. Kabul-based editors often avoid assigning stories that could put their reporters at significant risk. Editors and journalists told Human Rights Watch that self-censorship has become a survival mechanism for them. Those outside of the country’s main cities are especially vulnerable to reprisals from powerful individuals and groups because they are more exposed: they lack the protection provided by a larger Afghan media and international presence. The cultural and social conservatism of the provinces also contributes to the difficulty of reporting on controversial issues outside of the capital. The Taliban and other insurgent groups remain a potent source of intimidation and violence against journalists and media outlets. When the insurgency first emerged in 2002, journalists were among its early targets because the insurgents treated journalists as extensions of the Afghan government or Western military forces. However, in recent years, the Taliban and other insurgent groups have used the media as a propaganda platform, and actively court the press in their campaign against the government, including by pressuring reporters to cover their statements or not write articles deemed critical, sometimes with threats of violence. Female journalists in Afghanistan face particularly formidable challenges. In addition to the dangers facing all journalists, they must contend with social and cultural restrictions arising from being Afghan women in the workplace, which limit their mobility in urban as well as rural areas, and increase their vulnerability to sexual violence." (Summary, page 1-2) more

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Afghanistan’s Fourth Estate: Independent Media

Ann J. Procter

Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace (USIP) (2015), 4 pp.

"Over the last decade, Afghanistan has experienced the rise of a robust media sector. Programming fills the airwaves with everything from news to comedy, open debate to open audition, soap operas to police dramas to ABCs. Journalists, however, operate in a climate of fear and insecurity, under threa ... more

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Media Use in Afghanistan

Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG);Gallup (2015), 2 pp.

"The Afghan media scene has experienced tremendous growth in the post-Taliban period, buoyed by international involvement and the passage of a series of laws lending some protection to journalists. Though Reporters Without Borders listed Afghanistan’s media environment 128 out of 179 countries in ... more

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Media Messaging and its Impact on Afghan Women: Survey Report

Cooperation for Peace and Unity;Afghan Women Rights (2015), 48 pp.

"Television remains the most popular medium in all provinces surveyed and among the different groups of respondents. It is also the most preferred source of information, followed by Radio. A great majority of the population watches TV on a daily basis. More than half of the population spends between ... more

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Trauma and Public Memory

Jane Goodall, Christopher Lee (eds.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2015), xii, 231 pp.

"This collection of essays and interviews offers perspectives on traumatic experience from the social and public side of the equation. Like other books in the Palgrave Macmillan Memory Studies Series, it is concerned with redressing the balance of public memory through a focus on what has been negle ... more

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Afghan Media in 2014: Understanding the Audience

Altai Consulting;Internews (2015), 169 pp.

"In 2014, competition in the Afghan media sector has increased in order to attract diminishing advertising revenue. This has led to increased professionalization and a certain degree of segmentation with the introduction of specialist, niche channels. The pace of development of new outlets has slowe ... more

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Media barriers in Afghanistan

Mina Saboor

Media Development, issue 4 (2015), 5 pp.

"Afghanistan once housed tourists from around the world intrigued by the Silk Road stories, the poetic and mystic culture, the majestic landscape and the hospitable people. Their experience in Afghanistan was frequently captured through journalism and photojournalism of the early 1900s. However, Afg ... more

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South Asian Newspaper Directory 2015-2017

Chennai: WAN-IFRA South Asia (2015), 136 pp.

"A look at the past three editions of the South Asian Newspaper Directory show significant trends. Newspaper publishers continue to increase the number of editions and printing centres; many publishers have opted for double-width presses, a new trend particularly among the local language / regional ... more

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Strategic Narratives, Public Opinion and War: Winning Domestic Support for the Afghan War

Beatrice de Graaf, George Dimitriu, Jens Ringsmose (eds.)

Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge (2015), xxvii, 380 pp.

"This volume explores the way governments endeavoured to build and maintain public support for the war in Afghanistan, combining new insights on the effects of strategic narratives with an exhaustive series of case studies. In contemporary wars, with public opinion impacting heavily on outcomes, str ... more

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Afghanistan at a Glance: Findings from the World Poll. Media Use for News in Afghanistan

Gallup;Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG) (2015), 40 slides

"Afghanistan had the highest rate of suffering in the world for 2013 and 2014. Those with a post-secondary education are the most avid media users for news overall. Highly educated Afghans were more likely to use TV, radio, Internet, SMS, and social media on a daily basis for news than other segment ... more

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The Freedom Frontier: Press Freedom in South Asia 2014-15

New Delhi: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Asia-Pacific (2015), 113 pp.

"The year under review in this report (May 2014 to April 2015) shows that journalists and media workers remain victims and, too often, targets in the deadly power struggles on which that they report. Within this time period, 14 journalists lost their lives, mostly in targeted attacks. Pakistan was t ... more

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Free Expression, Globalism, and the New Strategic Communication

Monroe E. Price

New York: Cambridge University Press (2015), ix, 275 pp.

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On Media, Social Movements, and Uprisings: Lessons from Afghanistan, Its Neighbors, and Beyond

Wazhmah Osman

Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, volume 39, issue 4 (2014), pp. 874-887

"From Tehran to Tahrir Square to Gezi Park-to mention only three key sites of protest made prominent in 2013-social media has been lauded as one of the key factors enabling popular uprisings and social movements. This has provided further hype for new or digital media, which were already being toute ... more