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Media barriers in Afghanistan

Mina Saboor

Media Development, issue 4 (2015), 5 pp.

"Afghanistan once housed tourists from around the world intrigued by the Silk Road stories, the poetic and mystic culture, the majestic landscape and the hospitable people. Their experience in Afghanistan was frequently captured through journalism and photojournalism of the early 1900s. However, Afg ... more

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Strategic Narratives, Public Opinion and War: Winning Domestic Support for the Afghan War

Beatrice de Graaf, George Dimitriu, Jens Ringsmose (eds.)

Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge (2015), xxvii, 380 pp.

"This volume explores the way governments endeavoured to build and maintain public support for the war in Afghanistan, combining new insights on the effects of strategic narratives with an exhaustive series of case studies. In contemporary wars, with public opinion impacting heavily on outcomes, str ... more

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Media Use in Afghanistan

Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG); Gallup (2015), 2 pp.

"The Afghan media scene has experienced tremendous growth in the post-Taliban period, buoyed by international involvement and the passage of a series of laws lending some protection to journalists. Though Reporters Without Borders listed Afghanistan’s media environment 128 out of 179 countries in ... more

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The Freedom Frontier: Press Freedom in South Asia 2014-15

New Delhi: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Asia-Pacific (2015), 113 pp.

"The year under review in this report (May 2014 to April 2015) shows that journalists and media workers remain victims and, too often, targets in the deadly power struggles on which that they report. Within this time period, 14 journalists lost their lives, mostly in targeted attacks. Pakistan was t ... more

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Transitional Justice, Culture, and Society: Beyond Outreach

Clara Ramírez-Barat (ed.)

New York: Social Science Research Council (SSRC); International Center for Transitional Justice (ICTJ) (2014), 560 pp.

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The Campaign for Justice: Press Freedom in South Asia 2013-14

Laxmi Murthy (ed.)

Brussels: International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) (2014), 81 pp.

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On Media, Social Movements, and Uprisings: Lessons from Afghanistan, Its Neighbors, and Beyond

Wazhmah Osman

Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, volume 39, issue 4 (2014), pp. 874-887

"From Tehran to Tahrir Square to Gezi Park-to mention only three key sites of protest made prominent in 2013-social media has been lauded as one of the key factors enabling popular uprisings and social movements. This has provided further hype for new or digital media, which were already being toute ... more

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ICT Economic Impact Assessment

Philibert de Mercey, Daniel Skillings, Camille Le Coz

Altai Consulting; USAID (2014), 90 pp.

"The ICT sector is one of few undeniable success stories in Afghanistan’s development over the past 12 years. In 2002, telecommunications services were virtually non-existent, restricted to a very small number of fixed-line connections and satellite communications were unaffordable to the general ... more

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In the Service of the Public: Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries
Deep Insights

Jan Lublinski, Petra Berner, Merjam Wakili (eds.)

Bonn: Deutsche Welle DW Akademie (2014), 300 pp.

"This study constitutes the attempt to draw some initial conclusions from the work conducted by DW Akademie and other media development organizations in the past. It aims at a better understanding of which public service functions former state broadcasters can provide at all and which approaches of ... media development actors have proved to be successful. Reforming of state mouthpieces into public service media can indeed be achieved. This is one of the most important findings of this study. DW Akademie researchers here present examples of media outlets that fulfill their public service remit of creating a public sphere and supporting integration to a substantial degree. Even among the success stories, not all the media outlets studied here have adopted a public service ethos to its full extent. Their work, however, improved considerably. In assisting reform, media development actors were thus able to enhance the public’s freedom of expression as well as its access to information – two basic human rights we see as important prerequisites for peace and democracy. On the other hand, this study shows how difficult and complex transformation is. State media are often highly politicized. Successful transformation, therefore, requires support of a lot of different actors: the political elite, civil society, the management of the broadcaster, its staff, and last but certainly not least, the public as a whole. It is vital that media development actors identify windows of opportunity and profit from them in order to propel change forward. At the same time, this study demonstrates that media development organizations have to think beyond their traditional fields of expertise: capacity development and newsroom consultancy. A much broader approach is needed if substantial and sustainable development is to be achieved. DW Akademie is currently implementing a new, more complex strategy for successful media development cooperation that takes this into account. Political and legal frameworks have become a strategic area of activity. Other equally important areas comprise qualifications, professionalism, and economic sustainability of the media sector, participation in society, and digital change. With regard to public broadcasting, political and legal frameworks are especially important in order to ensure editorial independence of former state broadcasters. Furthermore, media development actors have to engage more in organizational development. Therefore, at the end of this study, we dedicate a whole chapter to this question. This study of selected media outlets from twelve countries does not attempt to provide a final answer to the question of successful public service transformation. It aims at giving an overview of what has been achieved in practical work in this field in the course of the past years. More research is needed to understand which steps of reform are needed for a genuine transformation that is sustainable in the long term. The media are undergoing crucial developments. Digital change, convergence, and social media have increased pluralism of opinion substantially in many parts of the world. At the same time, the media face new challenges with respect to their economic sustainability. The notion of public service media that offer a model for providing journalistic quality without financial dependence deserves further thought." (Preface) more

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Ein Fall für Kommissar Amanullah. Justizaufbau mit Fernsehkrimis: Westliche Entwicklungsfachleute rümpfen die Nase, doch in den Wohnzimmern in Kabul kommt die Botschaft an

Dorn Townsend

welt-sichten, 26. Juni (2014)

"Seit einigen Jahren zeigt das afghanische Fernsehen zahlreiche Krimis und Dokumentationen von Gerichtsprozessen. Sie werden von Afghanen produziert, aber aus dem Ausland finanziert, unter anderem von der Europäischen Kommission, den Vereinten Nationen und der US-amerikanischen Entwicklungsagentur ... more

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"Offiziell haben wir Meinungsfreiheit"

Kirsten Herrmann

Message, issue 4 (2014), pp. 76-79

"Farida Nekzad leitet die Nachrichtenagentur Wakht in Afghanistan. Im Message-Interview erklärt sie, unter welchen Gefahr Journalistinnen in ihrem Land arbeiten und welche Medien Warlords bevorzugen." (Einleitung)

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The Norwegian Media Image of the War in Afghanistan: Peacekeeping or Aggression?

Rune Ottosen

Conflict & Communication Online, volume 3, issue 1/2 (2014), 14 pp.

"This article analyzes the framing of Norwegian media coverage of the war against terror in Afghanistan with special emphasis on the coverage of the Norwegian military presence in Afghanistan. Norwegian forces became involved in a military intervention for the first time since the Second World War w ... hen ex-Yugoslavia was attacked in April 1999. At that time, Norway provided military support for the invasion and placed fighter planes and Norwegian pilots at the disposal of NATO. The war in Afghanistan represented an additional dimension, with Norwegian ground forces taking part in the hunt for al-Qaida fighters in the mountains of Afghanistan. The purpose of this article is to give a picture of Norwegian media coverage of the war in Afghanistan, with a special emphasis on the coverage of Norway's role in the conflict. As a small country with traditionally close relations to US, Norway had to balance, like many other small countries, between the need to uphold its traditional policy of complying with international law, and the desire to avoid provoking the USA with criticism and actions that could be regarded as disloyal and thus harm the bilateral relationship. This dilemma must also be seen as a problem for the mainstream media, which traditionally has been loyal to Norwegian security policy. Two main issues are discussed: 1. How was the start of the war covered in the media in October 2001? 2. In what context was the Norwegian military presence covered? The two newspapers analyzed are Aftenposten and VG. The choice of these two newspapers was made to include Norway's largest and potentially most influential morning paper (Aftenposten) and its largest tabloid, as well as largest newspaper (VG). Quantitative as well as qualitative methods are used to analyze the coverage. Both Aftenposten's and VG's coverage on the first day of the war in Afghanistan are dominated by pro-US framing and the use of Western sources. The pro-US framing is more obvious in Aftenposten than in VG. The editorial in VG was more unconditionally supportive than the editorial in Aftenposten. VG is also much clearer in its framing of Norway as a potential victim of future acts of terror. Norway's role as a potential military actor in the region is at this stage virtually absent in both newspapers. The legal aspects are mentioned in the two newspapers, though in a very superficial manner. Neither of the newspapers focuses on potential "hidden agendas" in their news coverage. No issue is made of the USA's potential global interests or the issue of controlling oil flows from the region. Aftenposten, in its coverage of an attack on a wedding party, treats this incident as "collateral damage" and in no way links it to Norway's military presence. Norway is simply a "loyal ally" receiving praise from the US for doing a "good job"." (Abstract) more

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The Role of Information and Communication Technologies in Postconflict Reconstruction

Tim Kelly, David Souter

Washington, DC: World Bank (2014), 99 pp.

"Examines how policymakers, the donor community, and the private sector have prioritized and sequenced ICT initiatives in the aftermath of conflict. Case studies look at countries at different stages of post-conflict reconstruction in Afghanistan, Liberia, Rwanda and Timor-Leste, and postrevolution ... more

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Curtailing Corruption: People Power for Accountability and Justice

Shaazka Beyerle

Rienner (2014), vi, 325 pp.

"Campaigns and movements targeting corruption often face decentralized targets rather than an identifiable dictator or external government, and can be found both in undemocratic and democratic systems. Graft and abuse are manifested in a systemic manner rather than a hodgepodge collection of illicit ... more

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The Stories Women Journalists Tell: Women in Media in South Asia

Geeta Seshu

International Federation of Journalists (IFJ) Asia-Pacific; South Asia Media Solidarity Network (SAMSN) (2014), 24 pp.

"The promotion of gender equality among journalists is a key objective of the SAMSN gender project going forward in 2014. The roundtables and the gender networking conference discussed strategies and campaigns that could address the issues faced by women in South Asia. The conference also put forwar ... more

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Afghanistan in the British Print Media Report

Sarah-Jane Cooper-Knock, Stuart Gordon, Jenny Humphreys et al.

London: British & Irish Agencies Afghanistan Group (BAAG) (2014), 34 pp.

"Understanding how the British media has framed British aid efforts to Afghanistan is imperative to successfully campaign for continued public support for the long term development of the country. This is especially important given the scheduled troop withdrawal in 2014, which many commentators have ... more

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Role of Media in Fostering Democracy in Afghanistan 2001 to 2013

Norma Rahmanzai Isaczai

University of Leicester, Master Thesis (2014), 103 pp.

"This dissertation is a study about the growth and development of media in Afghanistan and its role and contribution to national and international collective efforts to build a modern, stable and democratic Afghanistan in the last decade. In pursuing my dissertation, I have examined the Afghan media ... more

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Medien und Öffentlichkeit im Demokratisierungsprozess in Afghanistan: Die Transformation des Staatssenders Radio Television Afghanistan in einen öffentlichen Sender

Merjam Wakili

Berlin; Münster: Lit (2013), 365 pp.

"Der Fokus ist auf die angestrebte Umwandlung des Staatssenders Radio Television Afghanistan in einen öffentlichen Sender gerichtet. In Experteninterviews mit Vertretern dreier relevanter Akteursgruppen und einer schriftlichen Rezipientenbefragung wurde unter anderem herausgefunden, dass RTA eine h ... more

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Die weltweite Situation der christlichen Minderheiten

Hans Zehetmair (ed.)

München: Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung (HSS) (2013), 88 pp.

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Zwischen Information und Mission. Journalisten in Afghanistan: Berufliche Einstellungen und Leistungen

Kefa Hamidi

Global Media Journal - German Edition, volume 3, issue 2 (2013), 18 pp.

"Die Ermittlung der beruflichen Einstellungen geschah mittels einer vollstandardisierten Befragung, an der 195 Journalisten in Afghanistan teilnahmen. Eine Inhaltsanalyse in den drei wichtigsten afghanischen Zeitungen erbrachte eine Zusammenstellung der Leistungen von Journalisten. Der wichtigste Be ... more

In the Service of the Public: Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries Deep Insights

In the Service of the Public: Functions and Transformation of Media in Developing Countries
Deep Insights