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Journals
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Media and the 2015 General Elections
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 251-264
"The first section of the chapter provides a brief overview of the legal framework that defines the concept of media space, with a specific focus on election day. Regulations included constraints on journalists' ability to cover the elections, which affected their access to polling stations. The sec
...
"Through understanding audience members’ priorities, views and experiences, Yay Kyi Yar ['Towards Clearer Water', a factual magazine radio programme] has been able to engage and inspire people. Listeners were driven by stories of ‘people like them’ achieving things they had not thought possibl
...
New Video Generation: The Myanmar Motion Picture Industry in 2017
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 287-306
"Following a summary of secondary and primary sources on the subject of film production in Burma, I will present an overview of the history of the Burmese film industry, from the British colonial period, to independence, to the years of the Burmese Socialist Program Party, and then the SLORC/SPDC ye
...
Myanmar's Pop Music Industry in Transition
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 267-286
"I begin this chapter with a review of the scholarly literature on music scenes during and after political transitions. Next, I report on how Myanmar's popular music scene developed in the immediate wake of the cancellation of censorship. I argue that the popular music scene is being significantly a
...
Facebooking in Myanmar: From Hate Speech to Fake News to Partisan Political Communication
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), 10 pp.
"Facebook is the Internet in Myanmar, and it presents both opportunities for and challenges to the government, the opposition, and the people in a country that is in transition. Facebook has gained notoriety as a platform for hate speech and fake news in Myanmar over the past seven years. Facebook h
...
From Blogging to Digital Rights: Telecommunications Reform in Myanmar
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 366-376
"The uptake of telecommunications technology in Myanmar has been nothing short of dramatic. After years of restricted access to information and freedom of expression, it has been a remarkable journey for civil society groups like MIDO to witness the growing interest and demand, especially among the
...
Silencing a Snakehead Fish: A Case Study in Local Media, Rural-Based Activism, and Defamation Litigation in Southern Myanmar
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 151-176
"My focus in this chapter is on civil society mobilization in Tanintharyi Region in southern Myanmar, and particularly in Kanbauk, a village of about 1,500 households in the Tanintharyi Hills, eighty kilometres north of the regional capital, Dawei. In recent years, Kanbauk villagers have contended w
...
Legal Changes for Media and Expression: New Reforms, Old Controls
"This chapter provides an overview of the laws related to media and free expression introduced or changed in Myanmar since 2011. We begin with a review of the literature on media legal reforms during transitions, followed by a mapping of the media laws in Myanmar and issues related to the reform pro
...
Dashed Hopes: The Criminalization of Peaceful Expression in Myanmar
Human Rights Watch (2019), 87 pp.
"This report—based largely on interviews in Myanmar and analysis of legal and policy changes since 2016—assesses the NLD government’s record on freedom of expression and assembly in its more than two years in power. It updates Human Rights Watch’s prior report, “They Can Arrest You at Any
...
Epilogue: Media Studies in Myanmar. Where Do We Go from Here?
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 387-394
"Academic studies of Myanmar media in English are few and far between, although this is starting to change as the country continues to open and a new generation of Myanmar scholars emerges. Many of the studies that do exist fall into common conceptual traps, such as an overemphasis on journalism or
...
Cracking the Glass Ceiling in Myanmar Media
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 243-250
"Pre-publication censorship has been abolished, private journals and papers abound (although the issue of consolidation caused by financial strains is another matter) and, depending on your calculations, there are between 2,000 and 5,000 accredited journalists in Myanmar, at least half of whom are w
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Exploring Digital and Mobile Cultures in Myanmar 2019
Phandeeyar (2019), 41 pp.
Collaborating with Refugees: Power, Ethics and Reciprocity in Documentary Filmmaking
Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, issue 18 (2019), pp. 160-174
"Representing stories through documentary film can offer a means to convey multilayered and sensory accounts of the lived experiences of people in extreme transition, especially former refugees. However, along with the potential of this medium comes the responsibility to engage with participants in
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Precarity and Risk in Myanmar's Media: A Longitudinal Analysis of Natural Disaster Coverage by 'The Irrawaddy'
In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 177-200
"In this chapter we use the twin concepts of precarity and mobilization to explore the tensions associated with media reporting about Myanmar over time, analysing the reporting of the (formerly) exiled media publication The Irrawaddy. The chapter explores coverage through an examination of the sourc
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Harmful Disinformation in Southeast Asia: “Negative Campaigning”, “Information Operations” and “Racist Propaganda” – Three Forms of Manipulative Political Communication in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, volume 18, issue 2 (2019), pp. 68-89
"When comparing media freedom in Malaysia, Myanmar, and Thailand, so-called “fake news” appears as threats to a deliberative (online) public sphere in these three diverse contexts. However, “racist propaganda”, “information operations” and “negative campaigning” might be more accurat
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Mobile Myanmar: The Impact of Social Media on Young People in Conflict-Affected Regions of Myanmar
Singapore: Save the Children; University of Sydney (2019), 137 pp.
"Most young people lack the digital citizenship skills required to protect themselves from the online dangers and emotional and mental health impacts of social media highlighted in this report. The study finds evidence that young people across Myanmar suffer from ‘hate speech fatigue’, often exa
...
The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival
Deep Insights
New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2019), 90 pp.
"This report analyses the Chin media sector. It is based on research conducted by MDIF from late 2018 through December 2019, as well as a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted by Myanmar Survey Research (MSR) in May 2019. The report provides data on the Chin media operations themselves, as w
...
Media and Mass Atrocity: The Rwanda Genocide and Beyond
Deep Insights
Waterloo, Ontario: Centre for International Governance Innovation (2019), x, 637 pp.
"The book includes an extensive section on the echoes of Rwanda, which looks at the cases of Darfur, the Central African Republic, Myanmar, and South Sudan, while the impact of social media as a new actor is examined through chapters on social media use by the Islamic State and in Syria and in other
...
Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Deep Insights
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), xix, 407 pp.
"Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change is the first volume to overview the country’s contemporary media landscape, providing a critical assessment of the sector during the complex and controversial political transition. Moving beyond the focus on journalism and freedom of th
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