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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
21
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
17
Rohingya
16
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
15
Media Law & Regulation
14
Press Landscapes
11
Facebook
9
Media Assistance
9
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
8
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
8
Female Journalists & Media Workers
8
Democracy / Democratization and Media
8
Media Use, Media Consumption
7
Exile Journalism, Exile Media
7
Freedom of Expression
7
Internet Shutdowns
7
Political Transition and Media
7
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
6
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
6
Social Media in Political Communication
6
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
6
Journalism Education & Training
6
Migration & Refugees Reporting & (Social) Media Representation
6
Information Needs & Media Use: Refugees & Displaced People
5
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
5
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
5
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
5
Access to Media & Information
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
4
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
4
Democratization & Digital Media / Social Media
4
ICT Regulation
4
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
4
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
4
Election Reporting
4
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
4
Media & Communication Policies
4
Television Landscapes
4
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
4
Public Service Broadcasting
4
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
3
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
3
Internet & Social Media Use: Minorities
3
Mobile Phone Use
3
Authoritarian Regimes: Media Systems & Landscapes
3
Catholic Press
3
Censorship
3
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
3
Religion and Conflicts, Religious Conflicts, Religious Violence
3
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
3
Human Rights Protection & Violations: Media Representation & Reporting
3
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
3
Internet
3
Social Media
3
ICTs and Development
3
Digitalisation, Online Communication & Democracy / Democratization
3
ICT Industries & Markets
3
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
3
Media Markets
3
Health Campaigns: Experiences
3
Indigenous Media, Indigenous Language Media Productions
3
Journalism
3
Local Communication & Media
3
Radio Landscapes
3
Migrants & Refugees: Tailor-Made Media Products & Information Services
3
Refugees / Displaced People
3
Politics and Media
3
Election Campaigns: Social Media
3
Buddhism and Communication
3
Civil Society
3
Mobile Phones, Smartphones
3
Flow of Information
2
Advocacy & Political Films
2
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
2
Area & Regional Studies
2
Digital & Social Media Use: Youth
2
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
2
Authoritarian Regimes: Government Communication Strategies
2
Media Assistance: Authoritarian Countries
2
Catholic Church
2
Catholic Media
2
Catholic Radio Programmes
2
Puppetry
2
Communication Pastoral, Media Pastoral
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Film Training & Film Schools
2
Communication Rights
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
2
Media Assistance: Freedom of Expression & Safety of Journalists
2
Media / Communication Control
2
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools & Strategies
2
Community Radio Sustainability & Financing
2
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
2
Conflict-Sensitive Digital Technology Use & Social Media in Prevention & Transformation
2
Extremist & Terrorist Digital / Social Media Presence
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Rumours & Rumour Management
2
Digital Communication, Digital Media
2
Internet and Politics
2
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
2
Internet Markets
2
Digital Media Markets
2
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
2
Mobile Phone Markets
2
Diaspora Media
2
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Reporting
2
Library Assistance (Development Cooperation)
2
Public Libraries
2
Media Ownership
2
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence
2
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
2
Sexual Health Communication, Reproductive Health Education, Family Planning
2
Indigenous Communication
2
Foreign News, International News
2
News Agencies
2
Drug Trafficking Reporting & Media Representation
2
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
2
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
2
Media Assistance: Exile Media
2
Media Assistance: Law & Regulation, Media Policy Consultancies
2
Media Assistance: Transition Countries & Defective Democracies
2
USA: Media Assistance
2
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
2
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
2
Media Law & Regulation: Transitional Countries
2
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
2
Framing
2
Religion and Communication
2
Islam and Communication
2
Telecommunications
2
Mobile Phone Apps
2
Mobile Phone Use for Social Purposes, Mobiles for Development
2
Telecommunication Industries & Markets
2
Television
2
Non-Western Communication Approaches
2
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
1
Advertising
1
Advertising Markets & Industries
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Migrants & Refugees
1
Empowerment
1
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
1
People with Disabilities: Advocacy & Empowerment
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Agriculture
1
Land Property, Land Grabbing, Land Reforms
1
Audiences & Users
1
Audience Clubs & Listener Groups
1
Audience Segmentation, User Typologies, Personas
1
Information Needs in Disasters & Humanitarian Crises
1
Media Use: Indigenous Populations
1
Media Use: Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups
1
Mobile Phone Use: Minorities
1
Media Use: Rural Populations
1
Media Use: Youth
1
News Consumption & Information Sources of Media Users
1
Radio Consumption, Radio Use, Radio Audiences
1
Book Marketing, Branding & Promotion
1
Book Trade & Distribution
1
Catholic Book Publishing
1
Christian Book Publishing
1
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
1
Campaigning
1
Election Campaigns
1
Radio Campaigns
1
Catholic Church and Communication
1
Catholic Digital Media Presence & Online Communities
1
Radio Veritas Asia
1
National Catholic Communication Work, National Catholic Communication Commissions
1
Comics, Cartoons, Caricatures
1
Christian Communication
1
Christian Churches & Denominations
1
Christian Media
1
Christian Radio Programmes
1
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Christian Minorities
1
Persecution of / Violence Against Christians
1
Asian Cinema
1
Female Film Actors, Directors & Producers
1
Film Festivals
1
Indigenous Films, Indigenous Videos
1
Film Industries
1
Film Production Management
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Digital Rights
1
Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
State Influence on the Media
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Alternative Communication & Media
1
Citizen Journalism, Community Journalism
1
Community Media
1
Community Media Financing & Sustainability
1
Community Radios
1
Community Radio Regulation & Licensing
1
Community Radio Training Methods & Training of Trainers
1
Community Telecommunication Networks
1
Storytelling
1
Conflicts, Conflict Prevention & Management, Mediation, Peacebuilding
1
Religion and Justice / Peace / Reconciliation
1
Boko Haram
1
Islamic State (Political-Religious Extremist Organization)
1
Conflicts and Media
1
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
1
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
1
Foreign Conflict Reporting, International War Reporting
1
Military: Online & Social Media Communication Strategies
1
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
1
Countering Misinformation & Rumours
1
Media Monitoring, Media Observatories
1
Puppetry in Education
1
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
1
Cultural Identity
1
Culture (General)
1
Development Assistance
1
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Behaviour Change Communication
1
Behaviour Change Communication: Effects & Effectiveness
1
Communication for Social Change
1
Development Communication: Experiences
1
Entertainment Education, Edutainment
1
Edutainment Radio Programmes
1
Edutainment Television Programmes
1
Influence of Media on Development Aid
1
Cyberbullying, Cyberharassment
1
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
1
Digital Healthcare & Information, Mobile Health, E-Health, Telemedicine
1
Digital Media Landscapes
1
Digital Media Startups
1
Digital Media Management, Online Media Management
1
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Religion in Social Media
1
Social / Digital Media and ICTs in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Management & Prevention
1
Twitter & Microblogs
1
YouTube
1
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Digital Industrial Policies
1
Educational Use of ICTs / Internet
1
Online Learning, E-Learning
1
ICT Policies
1
Discrimination in Language & Media
1
Media Assistance: Minority Media
1
Minority Journalists
1
Racism in Social Media & Digital Communication
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Coordination in Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Infectious Diseases' Outbreak Communication
1
Media Industries
1
Music Industries & Markets
1
Local Media Economics & Markets, Local Media Financing
1
Music Markets
1
Economy
1
Commodities, Raw Materials, Extractive Industries, Mining
1
Adult Education
1
Easy-To-Understand Information, Easy-To-Read Materials, Easy Language
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Communication for Sustainable Development
1
Deserts, Desertification
1
Ethics in Media & Communication
1
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
1
Defamation Law & Regulation
1
Press Councils
1
Self-Regulation of Media
1
Social Norms
1
Media Assistance: Gender Focus
1
Good Practice Examples
1
Innovations
1
Child Health, Mother & Child Care Communication
1
Health Communication & Campaigns: Youth
1
Malaria Communication
1
WASH Communication (Water, Sanitation, Hygiene)
1
Colonial Period
1
History of the Press
1
Nazism
1
Second World War (1939-1945)
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Issues Reporting & Media Representation
1
Indigenous Languages
1
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
1
Satellite Television
1
Transnational Communication
1
UNESCO & IPDC Media Assistance
1
Associations & Networks of Journalists
1
Constructive Journalism, Solution-Oriented Journalism
1
Investigative Journalism
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalists
1
Local Journalism
1
Corruption Reporting & Role of Media in Curbing Corruption
1
Protests, Protest Movements, Protest Reporting & Media Representation
1
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
1
Language Barriers
1
European Union: Media Assistance
1
France: Media Assistance
1
Germany: Media Assistance Actors, Practices, Priorities
1
Japan: Media Assistance
1
Media Assistance: Effects
1
Media Assistance: Elections
1
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
1
Media Assistance: Funding Policies
1
Media Assistance: Governance, Accountability, Combating Corruption
1
Media Assistance: Implementing Organizations
1
Deutsche Welle DW Akademie
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
1
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
1
Norway: Media Assistance
1
Sweden: Media Assistance
1
United Kingdom: Media Assistance
1
Crowdsourcing
1
Information Ecosystems
1
Mindfulness, Mindful Communication
1
Media System Analyses & Typologies
1
Social Media Landscapes
1
Confidential Sources, Whistleblowing, Protection of Journalists' Sources
1
Frequency Allocation, Radio Frequency & Spectrum Management
1
Human Rights
1
Human Rights Protection
1
Human Rights Violations
1
Religious Freedom
1
Starting Media Outlets, Creation of Digital Businesses
1
Migrants, Refugees, Diasporas & Media
1
Youth Migrants, Youth Refugees, Youth Dasporas
1
Music
1
People with Disabilities: Access to & Use of ICT and Media
1
People with Disabilities: Tailored ICT & Media Products
1
Politics
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Military
1
State
1
Agenda Setting
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
1
Political Communication
1
Political Television Programmes & Political Talkshows
1
Propaganda
1
Watchdog Role of the Media
1
Press
1
Newspapers
1
Public & State Press
1
Business & Economics Radio Programmes
1
Radio Debates, Radio Talk Shows, Call-In Radio Programmes
1
Radio Stations
1
Manipulation
1
Buddhism
1
Hinduism and Communication
1
Islam
1
Religious Discrimination, Persecution of / Violence Against Religious Groups
1
Yazidism, Yazidis, Yezidis
1
Research in Media & Communication
1
Society
1
Resilience
1
Dalits
1
Software Security
1
Telecommunication Infrastructure
1
Telecommunication Law, Regulation & Policies
1
Youth, Adolescents
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Counter-Narratives: Myanmar's Digital Media Activists

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 377-386
"In the months before Myanmar's national elections in November 2015, Khin Oo says she began to engage directly with Facebook users to dispel rumours and misinformation that, in her view, propagated hate and inflamed intercommunal tensions. She posted "right speech" and "right information" by comment ... more

Epilogue: Media Studies in Myanmar. Where Do We Go from Here?

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 387-394
"Academic studies of Myanmar media in English are few and far between, although this is starting to change as the country continues to open and a new generation of Myanmar scholars emerges. Many of the studies that do exist fall into common conceptual traps, such as an overemphasis on journalism or ... more

Social Communication Needs for the Church in Myanmar: Towards an "Online Church"!

Manila: University of Santo Tomas, Master Thesis (2019), xiv, 152 pp.
"Radio Veritas Asia-Myanmar Service (RVA-MS) had been broadcasting socio-political and religious programming in Shortwave (SW) since November 11, 1978. However, on 30 June 2018, RVA stopped broadcasting in SW and migrated to the internet-based multiplatform broadcasting along with the use of Social ... more

The Metamorphosis of Media in Myanmar's Ethnic States

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 210-228
"In this chapter I explore the challenging move from the borderlands and the growth of the media sector inside the ethnic states. The outlets launched inside now outnumber those that have moved inside. BNI's members - now totalling fourteen - are also in the minority. Yet in many ways it is Burma Ne ... more

New Video Generation: The Myanmar Motion Picture Industry in 2017

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 287-306
"Following a summary of secondary and primary sources on the subject of film production in Burma, I will present an overview of the history of the Burmese film industry, from the British colonial period, to independence, to the years of the Burmese Socialist Program Party, and then the SLORC/SPDC ye ... more

Whispered Support: Two Decades of International Aid for Independent Journalism and Free Expression

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 95-130
"This chapter is drawn primarily from Jane Madlyn McElhone's thirteen years of in-field experience in Myanmar and other nations in transition, as well as key informant interviews she conducted in 2017 and 2018 [...] Our discussion is driven by a series of interlinked questions. Who were the key medi ... more

Covering Rakhine: Journalism, Conflict and Identity

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 229-238
"In this chapter I explore the challenge of gaining access, and remaining independent, in an ethnic state where you are expected to be on one side of the conflict or on the other. For decades the military junta restricted access to information and wielded a powerful propaganda strategy. This has had ... more
"Through understanding audience members’ priorities, views and experiences, Yay Kyi Yar ['Towards Clearer Water', a factual magazine radio programme] has been able to engage and inspire people. Listeners were driven by stories of ‘people like them’ achieving things they had not thought possibl ... more

Cracking the Glass Ceiling in Myanmar Media

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 243-250
"Pre-publication censorship has been abolished, private journals and papers abound (although the issue of consolidation caused by financial strains is another matter) and, depending on your calculations, there are between 2,000 and 5,000 accredited journalists in Myanmar, at least half of whom are w ... more
"Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change is the first volume to overview the country’s contemporary media landscape, providing a critical assessment of the sector during the complex and controversial political transition. Moving beyond the focus on journalism and freedom of th ... more

The Business of Chin Media: News Audiences Challenges Survival

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2019), 90 pp.
"This report analyses the Chin media sector. It is based on research conducted by MDIF from late 2018 through December 2019, as well as a quantitative and qualitative survey conducted by Myanmar Survey Research (MSR) in May 2019. The report provides data on the Chin media operations themselves, as w ... more

Silencing a Snakehead Fish: A Case Study in Local Media, Rural-Based Activism, and Defamation Litigation in Southern Myanmar

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 151-176
"My focus in this chapter is on civil society mobilization in Tanintharyi Region in southern Myanmar, and particularly in Kanbauk, a village of about 1,500 households in the Tanintharyi Hills, eighty kilometres north of the regional capital, Dawei. In recent years, Kanbauk villagers have contended w ... more

Films for Dignity

In: Myanmar Media in Transition: Legacies, Challenges and Change
Lisa Brooten; Jane Madlyn McElhone; Gayathry Venkiteswaran (eds.)
Singapore: ISEAS (2019), pp. 307-314
"In 2013 I became the co-organizer of the Human Rights, Human Dignity Film Festival in Yangon. We organized the festival for a simple reason - we were very suspicious of the political reform process initiated by the Thein Sein administration, the transformed military government. Like many of our fel ... more
"A survey, conducted in July 2018, interviewed 750 people from the Rohingya community and 750 people from the host community (local Bangladeshi citizens) about how they access information, what they think of the information and how they communicate with aid providers. The survey tracked how perceive ... more

Online Supplement to Working Paper 2018.1. Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation

Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute;Computational Propaganda Research Project (2018), 81 pp.
"These are the background case notes complied for MEMO 2018.1: Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation. For details on the methods behind this content analysis please see the methodology section of the report. This document contains data from over 500 s ... more

An Unfavorable Business: Running Local Media in Myanmar's Ethnic States and Regions

New York: Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF) (2018), 66 pp.
"Myanmar’s local media outlets face a variety of internal and external obstacles hampering their prospects for sustainability. Key among these today, and the focus of this report, are the business realities that every media outlet must tackle." (Introduction)
"Facebook commissioned BSR to undertake a human rights impact assessment (HRIA) of the company’s presence in Myanmar. BSR undertook this HRIA between May and September 2018, using a methodology based on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs). This assessment identifies and ... more

Digital Asia

Berlin: Heinrich Böll Stiftung (2018), 40 pp.

Myanmar Audience Study 2018: Myanmar’s Media from an Audience Perspective

International Media Support (IMS);Fojo Media Institute (2018), 23 pp.
"The study found that there is a widespread preference towards local media as people feel that these media outlets provide them with information relevant to their local communities and daily lives. Television is a preferred medium for consuming news but social media, and Facebook in particular, is c ... more