"Myanmar’s local media outlets face a variety of internal and external obstacles hampering their prospects for sustainability. Key among these today, and the focus of this report, are the business realities that every media outlet must tackle." (Introduction)
"Sustainability is a serious threat to independent media in the developing world. Consumers of independent media in developing countries are generally reluctant to pay for access. The main findings with regard to business models for independent media models are: The sales model of revenue generation
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is in peril across the world. There are a few examples of independent media outlets which generate revenue from memberships, subscriptions and sponsorships in Latin America and the Middle East; The advertising model is generally in decline and there is no consensus regarding the viability of this model for independent media in developing countries; The Quint and The Scroll are examples of successful independent media start-ups in India which earn revenue from advertising. In addition there are a few examples of independent news websites in developing countries which earn revenue from native advertising, banner ads and affiliate marketing; Mixed revenue models or cross-subsidising of media businesses with complimentary forprofit business activities is growing in developing countries; Crowdfunding has been used by a few media outlets in Europe and Latin America; Donations have a poor record for raising revenue in developing countries; Not for profit media are growing in developing countries, such as The Wire and Khabar Laharyia in India. However, limited case study evidence indicates that they have not yet found a sustainable business model." (Summary, page 3)
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"This handbook has been produced by the World Association of Newspapers and News Publishers (WAN-IFRA) to help media managers successfully manage diverse teams, with a focus on gender diversity. It is hoped that it will assist managers to be more gender 'aware' in their day to day management decisio
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ns. There can be an assumption that media managers already know how to deal with gender issues but as experience has shown, this is not always the case. Media managers are expected to make decisions that are gender aware and yet they themselves may not have been exposed to any meaningful information or training on how to successfully manage diversity. This obviously is a Catch 22 situation where on one hand we have media managers that are not well equipped with gender information, while on the other hand the same media managers are expected to lead and champion the gender diversity programmes in their organizations and hopefully create a working environment of gender equality, balance and equity. There are many organizations that are doing great work on gender equality in the media such as Gender Links, UNESCO, UNDP and others. This handbook relies on some of these excellent resources. This handbook is intended to provide a short-hand to media managers on practical approaches to managing diversity." (Preface)
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"The authors present regional trends from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Americas, and Eastern Europe in light of global developments in investigative reporting, taking into consideration different muckraking cultures, and share examples of successful strategies of investigative media outlets. They suggest
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that a comprehensive and collaborative approach in supporting investigative media is needed to ensure a viable future for investigative media as well as the sector itself. For this, a model describing elements specific to the viability of investigative journalism is presented to help media startups, donors, media development NGOs identify possible areas of support." (Abstract)
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"El movimiento podcaster está formado por una amplia variedad de participantes: pequeños, medianos, independientes, corporativos, fugaces, históricos. Este artículo propone la descripción de cuatro casos caracterizados como “redes de podcast”. Estos proyectos fueron diseñados para y subsis
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ten con la producción de varios programas y aparecen así como emprendimientos pensados por y para la producción de podcast. La pregunta que se hace aquí es puramente descriptiva y exploratoria: ¿cómo producen, distribuyen y comercializan sus contenidos las redes de podcast en Argentina? Para responderla se realizan un trabajo cualitativo de entrevistas y análisis de contenidos y otro cuantitativo para los niveles de comparación entre los volúmenes y formatos de cada una de las redes." (Resumen)
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"The growing trend of non-profit journalism has received much attention of late, but this report takes a unique look at how non-profit funding is affecting journalism in the Global South. Amidst the collapse of traditional business models for news organizations, funding from philanthropic foundation
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s may be critical for the survival of independence, in-depth news – especially in environments where news independence is also threatened. But the report also points to the risk that non-profit funding may carry its own threats for independence journalism. The report offers insights into how such non-profit funding can help to sustain news reporting, while ensuring that the independence of the press is respected." (CIMA website)
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"L’auteure considère que des stratégies d’acteurs sont observables au coeur de la filière en construction de l’information en ligne et qu’il existe une redéfinition des rôles autour de la production, de la diffusion et de la consommation de l’information en ligne. L’ouvrage envisage
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ces stratégies d’acteurs comme participant à une reconfiguration de l’espace médiatique numérique, avec des éditeurs de presse qui tâtonnent dans leur positionnement, des autoéditeurs orignaux dans leur démarche mais qui peinent à trouver un modèle économique viable et des infomédiaires, dominé par les portails, aux stratégies relativement offensives. Le terrain investi est celui de l’Afrique de l’Ouest francophone en l’occurrence le Burkina Faso, la Côte d’Ivoire et le Sénégal. Grâce aux travaux universitaires existants et à une démarche empirique éprouvée, l’auteure présente les spécificités des médias en ligne africains parfois éloignées des références reconnues dans le domaine." (Dos de couverture)
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"The main finding of this study is that digital media entrepreneurs are deeply transforming the way that journalism is conducted and consumed in Latin America. They are not just producing news — they are generators of change, promoting better laws, defending human rights, exposing corruption, and
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fighting abuses of power. They are driven to produce independent news in countries that are highly politically polarized — and some of them are paying a high price for it [...] Nearly half the journalists interviewed for this study reported threats and physical attacks in response to their coverage. More than 20% of the founders and directors we interviewed admitted that they avoided covering certain topics, people, and institutions because of threats and intimidation. Others face punitive lawsuits, cyber-attacks, never-ending audits, and the loss of advertising revenues in retaliation for their coverage. Digital natives in Latin America have an even more important role to play than their counterparts in the over-saturated media markets of the developed world. News ownership is highly concentrated in these countries, and government advertising is frequently used to reward compliant media outlets. Even in the face of these legal, financial, and physical threats, entrepreneurial journalists are building sustainable businesses around quality journalism. The advent of social media and easy-to-use web design tools has made it possible to launch a digital media venture almost entirely on sweat equity. More than 70% of the ventures in this study started with less than $10,000, and more than 10% of those now bring in at least a half million dollars a year in revenues. After analyzing data on traffic, finances, revenue sources, staffing, and years in business, we identified four distinct tiers of business development. Diversified revenue was key to success, especially in the mid tiers, and we found more than 15 distinct revenue sources, including events, training, membership, crowdfunding, and native advertising. More than 65% reported they were earning revenue in at least three ways. In the top tier, where audiences reach more than 20 million visits per month, advertising is the top revenue source, but not the only one. In the mid ranges, there is no dominant business model and diversified revenue sources that combine advertising with audience-driven sources, such as events and crowdfunding, are crucial for sustainability. When we analyzed the lower tiers, we found lots of opportunities for improvement. Despite their dedication to quality journalism, more than 30% brought in less than $10,000 in total revenues in 2016. Broadly speaking, we found two paths to growing these businesses: building audience to drive traffic and advertising, or leveraging the loyalty of the audience to inspire micro-donations and the 15 other ways they are making money." (Executive summary, pages 6-8)
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"Este estudio es el primer estudio exhaustivo sobre el impacto que tienen emprendedores de medios digitales, los riesgos a los que se enfrentan, y si ha surgido un modelo de negocio viable para el periodismo digital independiente y de calidad. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, SembraMedia, con
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el apoyo de Omidyar Network, conformó un equipo para estudiar 100 medios digitales de Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México, 25 de cada país. Muchos de los investigadores eran emprendedores periodísticos, por lo que trajeron sus propias conexiones y una comprensión profunda de los medios en sus países. En entrevistas de dos horas a fundadores o directores, hicieron más de 130 preguntas sobre gestión, innovación, desafíos, oportunidades, tamaño y participación de la audiencia, e ingresos y gastos. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo ayudar a los fundadores de empresas de medios digitales a comprender mejor las tendencias, las amenazas y las mejores prácticas que los afectan. A su vez, diseñamos este informe para ayudar a los inversores, fundaciones y organizaciones periodísticas a apreciar el valor, la vulnerabilidad y el impacto de este ecosistema de medios de comunicación de rápido crecimiento. Aunque no compartiremos la información privada de cada medio, en este reporte se podrán ver los principales resultados y hallazgos." (Sumario)
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"The State of Technology in Global Newsrooms is the first-ever survey on the adoption of digital technologies in news media worldwide. The International Center for Journalists, working with Georgetown University, conducted the study in 12 languages, and received more than 2,700 responses from journa
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lists and newsroom managers in 130 countries [...] Most newsrooms are not redefining roles for the digital era. Eightytwo percent of newsroom jobs remain in established roles (reporters, editors, editorial writers). About 18% are new digital roles (social media editor, digital content producer, analytics editor). Journalists use a limited range of digital skills. Of the 23 digital skills we surveyed, most newsrooms primarily use four: posting/commenting on social media (72%), taking digital photos (61%), engaging audiences on social media (58%), and distributing content across multiple platforms (56%). Digital-only and hybrid newsrooms are outpacing traditional ones in seven of the eight regions surveyed. The leader in digital is Eurasia/former USSR, with the highest percentage of digital-only newsrooms (55%) compared to anywhere else in the world. The laggard in digital is South Asia, the only region where legacy media remain dominant. Nearly half of all outlets (43%) are traditional newsrooms." (Executive summary)
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"Free Press Unlimited believes that gender equality is central to achieving its overall long-term objective that media and journalists constitute a diverse and professional media landscape and function as change agents. As such, they contribute to the overall vision of a just, inclusive and peaceful
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society. Inclusive refers to men and women of all ages and backgrounds. Free Press Unlimited’s focus on equal access, opportunities and rights for men and women media practitioners is based on existing and persisting gaps and stereotypes in media and society that often benefit men over women. To contribute to bridging these gaps, Free Press Unlimited adopted the thematic area Gender & Media. Its vision of success is: ‘Media actively advocate for gender equality and work towards increased participation and decision making of women in and through the media.’ The Gender Equality Policy reinforces this commitment and outlines the organisation’s objectives and standards in relation to gender and the media. The objective of this policy is to promote gender equality in the programmes, in partnerships and cooperation with others, in the organisation itself and in external communication." (Page 3)
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"In this report, we analyse six examples of digital journalism start-ups developing new editorial priorities, distribution strategies, and funding models for an increasingly digital Indian media environment. After years of slow growth, internet use and digital advertising has grown very rapidly in I
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ndia in recent years, powered especially by the spread of mobile internet use, and double-digit growth in both the number of users and which in advertising is expected to continue. India now has the second-largest number of internet users in the world and rapid growth in internet use and digital advertising is seen by many as the biggest market opportunity outside China since the internet took off in the United States in the 1990s. The start-ups we examine here are examples of how Indian journalists, technologists, and entrepreneurs are working to develop different contentbased (the Quint, Scroll), aggregation-based (InShorts, DailyHunt), or nonprofit (The Wire, Khabar Laharirya) models for doing journalism fit for a digital India." (Executive summary)
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