"Digitalization has significantly changed disaster preparedness and management. Information and communication technologies (ICT) are used in all phases of disaster management for knowledge acquisition, information dissemination, communication, as well as control. Examples include the use of global d
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atabases for risk analysis, digital early warning systems, apps for recording damage, and communication with those affected via social media platforms. Prerequisites for the application of ICT in a disaster context include access to an ICT infrastructure, digital literacy, uniform guidelines regarding data protection and accountability, particularly in cooperation with private-sector tech companies, the provision of open data and scalable digital applications, and an orientation toward the needs of the affected persons whom the applications are intended to serve. Digital risks that arise in the course of the digitalization of disaster management are many and diverse. They can arise in connection with the design, use, and regulatory environment of technologies. Critical for risks is the interplay between technology, policy, and human factors. While some risks are inherent in the technology itself, such as the susceptibility of digital infrastructure to extreme natural events, other risks arise only through the human factor, such as data misuse or disinformation. All these risks can significantly impact the use and effectiveness of digital apps in disaster management." (Key findings, page 7)
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"Wie jedes Jahr wird der WeltRisikoIndex durch ein Fokusthema ergänzt. Dieses Jahr beschäftigen wir uns mit der Digitalisierung. Die Autor:innen analysieren auf der Basis qualitativer Forschung die große Bedeutung digitaler Lösungen für die Katastrophenrisikoreduzierung und die vorausschauende
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humanitäre Hilfe, etwa im Rahmen der Frühwarnung, bei der Verarbeitung komplexer Datensätze zur Bedarfsermittlung und der Übermittlung von „Cash Transfers“. Sie machen aber auch deutlich, dass mit der Digitalisierung viele noch ungelöste Probleme einhergehen, auf die Antworten gefunden werden müssen. Aus der Perspektive von Wissenschaft und Praxis erarbeitet der Bericht Forderungen an die nationale und internationale Politik für eine nachhaltige und sozial gerechte Digitalisierung." (Vorwort)
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"The article analyzes the QAnon phenomenon and the anti-vaxxer movement of COVID-19 deniers as typological manifestations of conspiratorial “alternative rationality.” A number of hypotheses have been proposed: during a pandemic and a parallel infodemic, conspiracy thinking quickly becomes transb
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oundary; all conspiracy theories share certain features; they are discursive (according to Foucault) and underlain by the question of power; growing public distrust of the government is one of the fundamental reasons for the popularity of conspiracy theories. The article proves that the transboundary nature of information contributes to the global spread of conspiracy theories, but they cannot be universalized because they have local specifics in each country (region)." (Abstract)
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"The project Promotion of Resilient Communities: Addressing COVID-19-related Poverty by Community Radios in South and Southeast Asia was implemented by the World Association of Radio Broadcasters (AMARC) Asia-Pacific regional office to support community radios in four countries - Bangladesh, India,
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Indonesia and Nepal - in producing programmes that serve as an “emergency response” to help the most marginalised and needy people in the local communities, who have been impacted by the pandemic. In all four countries included in the project, the lockdowns deprived the poorest sections of the population - such as migrant workers and day labourers - of their livelihoods. The people in the rural and especially the hard-to-reach regions are hardly noticed in the public discourse, and some are completely cut off from the general flow of information due to technical, financial and/or language barriers. In contrast, community radios have key characteristics that make them stand out: they are perceived as a trusted part of the community, and their programmes are mostly produced in partnership with and with the participation of community members. 32 community radio journalists from 16 community radios in four countries participated in the training workshops that were organized early this year. There were eight participants from four radio stations in Bangladesh – Radio Jhenuk, Radio Mahananda, Radio Sarabela and Radio Sagorgiri, six participants from three radio stations in India – Gurgaon ki Awaaz, Radio Benziger, and Saiyere Jo Radio, six participants from three radio stations in Indonesia – Lintas Merapi FM, Pass FM, and Rasi FM and two from the community radio association of Indonesia, JRKI and 10 participants from five radio stations in Nepal – Radio Dhading, Radio Parasi, Radio Rudraksha, Radio Sindhu and Radio Udayapur. This publication is a document that summarizes the training workshop sessions and serves as reference/training material for not just the participant radios but the member radios of the association." (Executive summary, page 2)
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"En 2022 se ha observado una ralentización del nivel de la actividad económica (7,2%) en comparación al segundo semestre de 2021 y se pronostica que todavía caerá en 2023 (4,4%), a niveles insuficientes para la recuperación a los niveles pre-crisis. Una combinación de factores dan cuenta de e
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sos resultados, los cuales tienen que ver con el deterioro de la infraestructura y de los servicios básicos (energía, agua, seguridad, telecomunicaciones), el escaso acceso al crédito bancario, la falta de capital humano, el bajo nivel de ingreso real de los consumidores, el bajo crecimiento de la producción petrolera, así como los efectos de algunas sanciones. Si bien se superó la situación de hiperinflación que se produjo desde 2017, Venezuela todavía figura como la economía más inflacionaria del mundo, estimándose que puede cerrar este año 2022 en 125%." (Slide 6)
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"Es reconocida la influencia que tienen los medios de comunicación en la construcción y reproducción de estas representaciones sociales. Los contenidos comunicativos contribuyen a la creación o refuerzo de estereotipos, que en algunos casos generan valoraciones inadecuadas que fomentan la exclus
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ión o la estigmatización de determinados grupos poblacionales. Es por esto que la Comisión de Regulación de Comunicaciones - CRC - consideró primordial conocer los elementos que caracterizan a las representaciones sociales que se emiten en los contenidos audiovisuales, ya que los medios de comunicación y, en especial, la televisión tiene gran incidencia en la manera en que los colombianos nos identificamos y nos reconocemos cultural y socialmente. Por lo tanto, conocer los roles y los comportamientos que se les asignan a los diferentes grupos poblacionales en los contenidos televisivos es fundamental para evidenciar cómo la diversidad y el pluralismo son tenidos en cuenta en estos." (Introducción, página 4)
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"La acción mundial por el clima aparece como una de las prioridades, cuando no como la principal prioridad, de la agenda internacional. […] Los países deberán implementar planes de acción multidimensionales que contendrán regulaciones orientadas a que las distintas industrias minimicen al má
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ximo sus impactos medioambientales, incluida, por supuesto, la industria editorial. No resulta exagerado señalar, por tanto, que esta transición hacia prácticas mucho menos nocivas para el medio ambiente constituye uno de los mayores retos que deberá enfrentar el sector editorial en un plazo que puede ser más corto de lo que se piensa. El desafío es mayúsculo porque no solo se trata de utilizar papeles que cumplan unos estándares determinados, que es lo que se suele tener en mente cuando se habla de edición ecológica o ecoedición, sino que implica calcular y mitigar los impactos ambientales del libro desde el proceso de edición hasta su llegada a manos de los lectores. Con este dosier, el Cerlalc busca contribuir a instalar este tema en los sectores editoriales de sus países miembro. Los artículos aquí reunidos ofrecen elementos para entender las múltiples dimensiones del impacto ambiental de la industria editorial y dan algunas pistas para empezar a pensar una hoja de ruta de a cara a la transición. Es, en cualquier caso, una primera aproximación, que esperamos sirva para iniciar un diálogo entre las partes interesadas. Como se señala en uno de los artículos, la ecoedición no es solo medir, mitigar y comunicar los impactos ambientales de la edición, producción y comercialización de un libro, sino que es también un acuerdo del sector." (Editorial, páginas 5-7)
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"Como la desigualdad es una decisión política y no una fatalidad, este es el momento para preguntarse ¿qué piensan hacer nuestros próximos gobernantes para que haya menos pobreza y mayor acceso a oportunidades? ¿Cuáles fórmulas o herramientas desarrollarían para contribuir a que la cancha e
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sté menos inclinada a favor de algunos pocos y en contra de muchos? ¿Cómo garantizar que toda la ciudadanía tenga acceso a información sobre su entorno y participe en el debate público? ¿Qué tipo de iniciativas o estímulos plantean para que comunidades y grupos poblacionales tengan capacidad y resonancia a la hora de plantear de manera amplia las problemáticas que las aquejan?" (Página 7)
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"1. Pakistan has experienced and responded to floods for decades: support and build on existing systems, networks and experiences that are widely trusted [...] 2. People need information now, to make critical decisions for themselves and their families and to protect what they still have [...] 3. Ca
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sh is likely to be the primary response to the floods: invest early in communication and community engagement to increase its impact [...] 4. Diversifying languages will be key [...] 5. Understand how information flows to, from and within communities: no two individuals are the same, so be sure to explore different ways to reach people [...] 6. Remember that it is easy to exclude people from communication: pay special attention to the needs of vulnerable and marginalised groups." (Pages 2-6)
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"Knowledge sharing in rural agricultural communities is vital to the success of farmers and sustaining high yields. A range of actors in the knowledge landscape participate in knowledge sharing, and with this, a variety of complexities are introduced. In this paper, we report on a set of field visit
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s, interviews and focus groups in various settings to understand this complex nature of the knowledge landscape. Our study was set within multiple locations within 20 miles North-East of Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Our findings highlight the high level of interconnectedness of different actors in the agricultural communities and the complexities involved in establishing trust of information. We report on the importance of fostering successful relationships within the communities and the growing strains of climate change." (Abstract)
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"In over 30 years of history, the field of Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) has asserted itself both within Information Systems (IS) and across disciplines. However, the core assumptions on which the field was built have been questioned over time, resulting in a situa
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tion in which such assumptions—on development, the role of ICTs towards it, and the meaningfulness of the term “developing countries”—have been problematized. As a result, this paper poses the question on whether it still makes sense to do ICT4D research: starting from older ICT4D landscape papers, it fleshes out three main assumptions made at the origins of the field. It then problematizes such assumptions through more recent works, noting that the old theoretical grounds of the field do not apply anymore today. Having said that, it states three reasons for renewed ICT4D research efforts: the reframing of “development” in terms of justice, the potential of multi-theoretical research approaches, and the turn to indigenous understandings of ICTs. For all these reasons, it concludes that doing ICT4D research is especially important today, in virtue of a juncture of history that problematizes its older assumptions." (Abstract)
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"This report takes stock of the early behavioural sciences literature on COVID-19 misinformation. Specifically, it addresses the following three main questions: (1) Who was most likely to believe or share COVID-19 misinformation? (2) What were the consequences of being exposed to or believing COVID-
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19 misinformation? (3) Which behavioural policy interventions were effective in countering COVID-19 misinformation? In addition to addressing these core questions, the report also provides a snapshot of the narratives of COVID-19 misinformation and the prevalence and spread of this misinformation. The report provides insights into policies that can help foster societal resilience against misinformation beyond the specific case of COVID-19, thereby contributing to policy preparation for future crises." (Abstract, page 1)
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"Following an extreme event with severe impacts, a great deal of public interest is generated in its causes. Increasingly, the dominant question is: "Was this event caused by climate change?" This guide is intended to help journalists navigate this question. First, it introduces the science of 'extr
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eme event attribution' - the method of attributing (or not) the degree to which the weather event was influenced by climate change. Second, it lays out the statements that can reliably be made about some of the extreme weather types of greatest public interest, even when no specific scientific study is being performed. This is based on current state-of-the-art knowledge using studies of recent extreme events and the latest IPCC report. Further down, you will find an easy-to-read checklist for each type of extreme weather event. The aim of this guide is to help journalists to accurately report extreme weather events in the context of a warming planet: how can you best inform your audiences about the effects of climate change on the extreme events we are increasingly experiencing, without overstating (or, indeed, understating) the link?" (Introduction, page 7)
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"This guide contains advice and insights from global journalists whose reporting balances these responsibilities. It was compiled to provide professionals with the information they need to jointly shape climate journalism for the 21st century. The following sections are based on presentations from t
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he "Climate Change Concepts and Narratives" workshop organized by the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB) in July 2022." (Introduction, page 3)
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"In this report, we use online survey data collected in August and September 2022 to document and understand how people in eight countries - Brazil, France, Germany, India, Japan, Pakistan, the UK, and the USA - access news and information about climate change. A large majority of our respondents ac
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ross these countries recognise that almost all climate scientists believe that climate change is caused by humans and are worried about the impact, but above and beyond basic understanding of the scientific consensus and recognition of the climate crisis, it is important to understand people's attitudes towards climate change news, including who they trust as sources of information, how climate news makes them feel, and how well they think news media are performing covering it. Finally, we take some preliminary steps in understanding how each of these are correlated with climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviours." (Executive summary)
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"In this article we consider the notion of digital global public good and articulate our understanding of it. Against this conceptual foil, we examine the development of DHIS2 (District Health Information Software Version 2), a global health platform inspired by public goods, focusing on the paradox
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es that arise in the scaling process. We find that the scaling dynamics played out differently at the macro and micro levels, giving rise to the following paradoxes: addition of new functionalities to cater to the universe of users across the world (macro level) works counter to the needs of users in particular locations (micro level); responsiveness to the requests of the donors with a global view (macro level) distorts the production process, as the voices of users, situated in remote locations in developing countries, are not adequately heard; the system needs to be simultaneously relevant across the global (macro level) and the local (micro level), when the former calls for decontextualization and the later (re)contextualization. We then discuss challenges these paradoxes create with regard to attaining non-rivalry and non-exclusion, the defining characteristics of a public good." (Abstract)
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"This article examines how affective narratives of the COVID-19 pandemic on Chinese social media reinforce and challenge established scripts of national identity, political legitimacy, and international geopolitical imaginary. Taking theoretical insights from the scholarship on trauma, disaster nati
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onalism, and politics of emotions, I structure the analysis of social media posts from state media and private accounts around three emotional registers: grief as a crucial site of control and contestation during the initial stage of the outbreak; gandong (being moved in a positive way) associated with stories of heroic sacrifices, national unity, and mundane ‘heart-warming’ moments; and enmity in narratives of power struggles and ideological competition between China and ‘the West’, especially the United States. While state media has sought to transform the crisis into resources for strengthening national belonging and regime legitimacy through a digital reworking of the long-standing repertoire of disaster nationalism, alternative articulations of grief, rage, and vernacular memory that refuse to be incorporated into the ‘correct collective memory’ of a nationalised tragedy have persisted in digital space. Furthermore, the article explicates the ways in which popular narratives affectively reinscribe dominant ideas about the (inter)national community: such as the historical imagination of a continuous nationhood rising from disasters and humiliation, positive energy, and a dichotomous view of the international order characterised by Western hegemony and Chinese victimhood. The geopolitical narratives of the pandemic build on and exacerbate binary oppositions between China and ‘the West’ in the global imaginary, which are co-constructed through discursive practices on both sides in mutually reinforcing ways. The lens of emotion allows us to attend to the resonances and dissonances between official and popular narrativisations of the disaster without assuming a one-way determinate relationship between the two." (Abstract)
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"This paper examines China’s international communication strategy during the initial phase of the global COVID-19 pandemic. In the spring of 2020, Western governments and media began criticising the systematic lack of transparency and accountability in the Chinese political system in relation to t
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he failed containment of the Wuhan outbreak. Facing an unprecedented reputational crisis, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) mobilised its foreign-language media in an attempt to influence the international discourse on COVID-19. Surveying the English and Chinese editions of the People’s Daily, this study identifies CCP discourses aimed at foreign audiences and traces their evolution during the early stages of the pandemic. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive map of Chinese narratives on COVID-19 and generates fresh insights into CCP crisis communication." (Abstract)
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"Die überwiegende Mehrheit der Beiträge in russischen staatlichen Medien über Impfkampagnen im Westen haben eine negative Konnotation. Die Übertreibung der negativen Folgen einer Impfung mit Präparaten von BionTech/Pfizer und Moderna sowie die Überzeichnung der angeblich massenhaften Unzufried
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enheit sind dabei die wichtigsten Narrative der russischen regierungsfreundlichen Medien. Die russische Medienpolitik hinsichtlich der Berichterstattung über westliche Impfstoffe entspricht der allgemeinen staatlichen Linie des Kreml, Russlands herausragende Stellung in der Welt und die Unzulänglichkeiten des Westens hervorzuheben." (Schlussfolgerungen, Seite 4)
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"History textbooks are the only history books that the majority of people read in their lives. This article investigates the impact of history textbooks on young Chinese people’s understanding of their nation’s modern history, as revealed on the popular microblogging site SinaWeibo. We analysed
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posts related to history textbooks and their representations of three contentious turning points in the communist historical narrative: the May Fourth Movement of 1919, the nationalist assault on the communists in 1927 and the Yan’an Rectification Movement of 1942. Widespread engagement with and recollection of history textbook content indicates a substantial impact of these textbooks on people’s understanding of the past and a willingness to relate that past to the present. Responses to textbooks vary widely, from acceptance of the textbook narrative and the expression of strong patriotic and emotional connections to the past as presented in textbooks to open and angry critique." (Abstract)
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