"This study employed three machine learning algorithms, Naïve Bayes, SVM, and a Balanced Random Forest to build a sentiment model that can detect Muslim sentiment about Muslim clerics’ anti-misinformation campaign on YouTube. Overall, 9701 comments were collected. An LDA-based topic model was als
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o employed to understand the most expressed topics in the YouTube comments. Results: The confusion matrix and accuracy score assessment revealed that the balanced random forest-based model demonstrated the best performance. Overall, the sentiment analysis discovered that 74 percent of the comments were negative, and 26 percent were positive. An LDA-based topic model also revealed the eight most discussed topics associated with ten keywords in those YouTube comments. Practical implications: The sentiment and topic model from this study will particularly help public health professionals and researchers to better understand the nature of vaccine misinformation and hesitancy in the Muslim communities." (Abstract)
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"This communication for immunization manual is designed to give step-by-step information on how to design and implement an immunization communication strategy. It guides the reader from creating messages and identifying potential communication barriers, to talking to the media and different stages o
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f what happens during communicating in a crisis, offering tools and ideas on planning, implementing and evaluating a communications strategy, big or small. Taken into an account the current COVID-19 pandemic, a chapter on COVID-19 and crises communication has been included. This manual can be used as a step-by-step document where the reader can start from the first chapter and finish on the last. It can also be used as a guidance for a single action, be it arranging a press conference or looking at how to select target groups. The references to other documents give direction towards further reading. The steps and actions described in the manual are real life examples. The focus is on the how rather than the theories behind. However, to have an idea of theories behind practice, the main overarching theory is described briefly. Each chapter highlights examples of theories behind the tools, bringing in the importance of learning from previous successes, challenges, and failures." (Introduction)
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"A través de historias que nos conmueven y nos tocan emocionalmente, Romper el Silencio tiene como objetivo enseñarnos a escuchar a otras personas con apertura y empatía, aunque piensen distinto; a reconocer sus argumentos aunque no sean los nuestros; a respetar sus ideas sin señalamientos y al
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final, a entendernos y asumir maneras no violentas de tramitar nuestras diferencias personales y sociales, para construir formas de convivencia y contribuir a la no repetición del conflicto armado en Colombia. Utilizando los formatos más populares del entretenimiento, Romper el Silencio facilita a las y los jóvenes, a sus familias, a los docentes y al público en general, armar conversaciones y reflexionar sobre temas complejos, en especial, donde es más difícil: el conflicto armado, lo que pasoì y por queì pasoì, los responsables, la justicia restaurativa y la importancia de la reparación de las víctimas." (Página 2)
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"This document is intended for health authorities designing RCCE interventions in the context of the current monkeypox outbreak in Europe. It supplements the ‘Interim advice on Risk Communication and Community Engagement during the monkeypox outbreak in Europe, 2022’ jointly published by ECDC an
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d the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. It provides examples and approaches for RCCE, while building on experience from past outbreaks. These examples can be used to inspire countries in the European Region to develop community engagement approaches and risk communication strategies adapted to the national, regional and/or local context and specific target audiences in their response to the ongoing monkeypox outbreak." (Introduction)
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"This study looks at Ugandan news media coverage of road safety, focusing on the country's three main daily newspapers, three television stations, and two online platforms. The study explores the attention and the nature of coverage these media platforms paid road safety (including road traffic cras
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hes and measures to mitigate them) from 1 August 2021 to 31 July 2022. Relying mainly on quantitative content analysis, the study explores the quantity of stories on road safety, the types of articles published (news, analysis, opinion, features, etc.), the reporting formats employed, the topics covered, and the sourcing." (Introduction)
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"VillageReach has started to work with governments in Africa to improve access to primary health care, including immunization programs. One method is to systematically monitor and respond to vaccine questions and misinformation in public discourse through a process called social listening. The appro
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ach applies a framework proposed by Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance and partners. It identifies the critical barriers to vaccine demand, including access and availability. The social listening analysis helps health systems prioritize responses to address information needs, gaps and emerging misinformation and rumors." (Page 1)
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"This collection of case studies on risk communication and community engagement (RCCE) from 18 different country/ area level public health partners in the WHO European Region provides evidence of numerous results achieved and lessons learned since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. RCCE has not tra
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ditionally been an area where evidence of challenges and solutions was documented. With this compendium, we wanted to collect and share this evidence to support decision-making in this area of work." (Foreword)
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"The stories in this AFSA Barefoot Guide show that African farmers, long seen as victims, are beginning to implement lasting, sustainable solutions to the climate crisis in Africa. Indeed, they are examples that could well be followed by all farmers. Through agroecology practices, not only can they
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naturally adapt to the inevitable and growing harm of the climate crisis, but they can also make significant contributions to its mitigation. AFSA stands fully behind farmers, pastoralists, fisherfolk and all who support them in learning and working together, so that not only can they survive the climate emergency, but thrive." (Welcome, page vi)
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"This guidance is based on the latest evidence and practical experience with IM in the WHO European Region and is designed to provide stakeholders with operational support for IM preparedness, readiness and response in public health emergencies. The intended readership is mainly response authorities
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, stakeholders and partners in countries in the Region in both the coordination and operations, including in communities. It provides practical ways to guide IM and best practices in the technical area of RCCE. Rather than offering specific, one-size-fits-all recommendations, it offers options and approaches that may be applied in each context. The guidance applies primarily to the WHO European Region because of differences among the WHO regions in organizational, structural, cultural and other dimensions of implementation of RCCE and IM, although other regions, headquarters or other stakeholders may use, apply or adapt it." (Executive summary)
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"Social and behavior change (SBC) is a key component of effective multi-sectoral nutrition activities. High-quality evaluations of SBC components are essential to identifying what went well, what could have been done differently, and how to improve future program design. The tools included here acco
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mpany Evaluating Social and Behavior Change Components of Nutrition Activities: A Design Guide for USAID Staff and Measuring Social and Behavior Change in Nutrition Programs: A Guide for Evaluators. They provide additional support on topics such as how to develop an evaluation statement of work (SOW) and how to determine the most appropriate respondent(s) for a given activity. The table below provides an overview of each tool." (Introduction, page 1)
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"In the first part, Understanding the problem, the Toolkit provides an overview of the health misinformation landscape, particularly in relation to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and expands on the roles of gatekeepers and sources before describing the problem as multilayered and requiring compreh
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ensive and coordinated solutions. In the second part, Consulting stakeholders, the Toolkit expands on the roles and initiatives currently taken by governments and international organizations, traditional media and social media platforms, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and experts, to provide an extensive understanding of the angles at which the problem of health misinformation is being approached. In the third and final part, The way forward, the Toolkit describes how different stakeholders have collaborated during COVID-19 to tackle the infodemic, and how that spirit and approach can and should be taken forward to other types of health misinformation." (Executive summary, page viii)
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"While social media offer an unprecedented opportunity for orchestrating large-scale communication campaigns, it is often difficult to track audience responses on various digital platforms over time and to ascertain if their engagement is aligned with the original intention. In this article, we shar
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e a promising solution—the purposive embedding and tracking of unique content elements as “markers” using text analytics techniques. Four markers were introduced in an Indian melodramatic television serial, Main Kuch Bhi Kar Sakti Hoon (I, A Woman, Can Achieve Anything), which was part of a larger transmedia edutainment initiative in India to promote sanitation, family planning, and gender equality. These markers served as anchors for audience engagement with the originally intended messaging embedded in the narratives as well as for program monitoring and evaluation. We applied various web-based tools to systematically track marker-related engagement on Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube across eight months. We also conducted semantic network analysis to better understand how marker-related social media comments evolved over time. Our investigation of using markers for digital engagement and narrative exchange in MKBKSH makes an important and timely methodological contribution to the scholarship and praxis of social and behavior change communication." (Abstract)
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"Few studies have examined the relationships between the different aspects of vaccination communication and vaccine attitudes. We aimed to evaluate the influence of three unique messaging appeal framings of vaccination from two types of messengers on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in India. We surveyed
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534 online participants in India using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) from December 2021 through January 2022. We assessed participants' perception of three messaging appeals of vaccination -COVID-19 disease health outcomes, social norms related to vaccination, and economic impact of COVID-19 - from two messengers, healthcare providers (HCP) and peers. Using a multivariable multinomial logistic regression, we examined participants' ad preference and vaccine hesitancy. Participants expressed a high level of approval for all of the ads, with >80% positive responses for all questions across ads. Overall ads delivered by health care workers were preferred by a majority of participants in our study (n = 381, 71.4%). Ad preference ranged from 3.6% (n=19) social norm/peer ad to 32.4% (n = 173) health outcome/ HCP ad and half of participants preferred the health outcome ad (n = 279, 52.3%). Additionally, vaccine hesitancy was not related to preference (p = .513): HCP vs. peer ads (p = .522); message type (p =.284). The results suggest that all three appeals tested were generally acceptable, as well as the two messenger types, although preference was for the health care provider messenger and health outcome appeal. Individuals are motivated and influenced by a multitude of factors, requiring vaccine messaging that is persuasive, salient, and induces contextually relevant action." (Abstract)
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"This systematic review examines the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of community engagement interventions on outcomes related to childhood immunisation in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and identifies contextual, design and implementation features that may be associated with effectiv
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eness. We identified 61 quantitative and mixed methods impact evaluations and 47 associated qualitative studies related to community engagement interventions for inclusion in the review. For cost-effectiveness analysis 14 of the 61 studies had the needed combination of cost and effectiveness data. The 61 included impact evaluations were concentrated in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa and spread across 19 LMICs. The review found that community engagement interventions had a small but significant, positive effect on all primary immunisation outcomes related to coverage and their timeliness. The findings are robust to exclusion of studies assessed as high risk of bias. Qualitative evidence indicates appropriate intervention design, including building in community engagement features; addressing common contextual barriers of immunisation and leveraging facilitators; and accounting for existing implementation constraints and practicalities on the ground are consistently cited as reasons for intervention success." (Abstract)
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"We aimed to synthesize the existing research on misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines spread on social media platforms and its effects. The secondary aim was to gain insight and gather knowledge about whether misinformation about autism and COVID-19 vaccines is being spread on social media platfor
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ms [...] The search yielded 757 records, with 45 articles selected for this review. We identified 3 main themes of misinformation: medical misinformation, vaccine development, and conspiracies. Twitter was the most studied social media platform, followed by Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. A vast majority of studies were from industrialized Western countries. We identified 19 studies in which the effect of social media misinformation on vaccine hesitancy was measured or discussed. These studies implied that the misinformation spread on social media had a negative effect on vaccine hesitancy and uptake." (Abstract)
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"This study aims to explore the perspectives of policymakers involved in ongoing efforts to boost vaccine confidence in the Philippines following a 2017 Dengvaxia scare and the current COVID-19 pandemic. Between August and November 2020, we conducted 19 semi-structured narrative interviews with purp
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osively selected policymakers from governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations in the Philippines. Interviews were conducted online, transcribed, and analyzed following the tenets of reflexive thematic analysis. We present results as an emerging model that draws on a chronology conveyed by policymakers in their own words. The Dengvaxia scare proved ‘a decisive wedge’ that splintered Filipino society and pitted governmental agencies against one another. The scare stoked distorted vaccination narratives, which were ‘accelerated rapidly’ via social media, and ignited feelings of uncertainty among policymakers of how to convey clear, accurate health messaging and how to prevent drops in care-seeking more broadly." (Abstract)
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"The prevalence of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) is rising at an unprecedented rate, and influencing human behavior is often the first line of defense to slow disease transmissions. We synthesize the contributions that social and behavior change research and programming has made in 6 recent EI
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Ds that reached epidemic proportions: HIV, severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Zika virus, Ebola virus disease, and coronavirus disease. Analysis of successful and unsuccessful responses to EID outbreaks suggests 5 primary lessons learned that can be used by social and behavior change (SBC) experts in future EID responses: engage communities, build trust through transparent risk communication, segment audiences for tailored interventions, prioritize behaviors, and cultivate political will and commitment. Incorporating SBC experts into EID responses can reduce mortality and improve efficiency in such precarious and time-sensitive settings." (Key messages)
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"The purpose of the current paper is to provide an overview and describe methods in this emerging field, present use cases, describe a future agenda, and raise central questions to be addressed in future digital health research for behavior change. Digital media for behavior change employs three mai
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n methods: (1) digital media interventions, (2) formative research using digital media, and (3) digital media used to conduct evaluations. We examine use cases across several content areas including healthy weight management, tobacco control, and vaccination uptake, to describe and illustrate the methods and potential impact of this emerging field of study. In the discussion, we note that digital media interventions need to explore the full range of functionality of digital devices and their near-constant role in personal self-management and day-to-day living to maximize opportunities for behavior change. Future experimental research should rigorously examine the effects of variable levels of engagement with, and frequency and intensity of exposure to, multiple forms of digital media for behavior change." (Abstract)
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