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Technical study on telecommunication and ICT infrastructure data, costs and analysis in Nigeria

Geneva: ITU (2025), ix, 72 pp.

"This study analyses the costs of connecting to the Internet and providing Internet services in Nigeria for fibre-optic network connectivity, microwave links, mobile broadband cellular links, and cellular communications. The analysis has focused on the capital expenditure (capex) of telecommunicatio ... more

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Data Governance Toolkit: Navigating Data in the Digital Age
Key Guidance

Working Group Report on Data Governance in the Digital Age

Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development;UNESCO;ITU (2025), 90 pp.

"This toolkit advocates taking a Human Rights-based approach to data governance. This means ensuring that data practices—across the full data lifecycle from collection to (re()use— should respect, protect, and fulfill the rights and freedoms of individuals and communities. This also entails trea ... more

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Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures: Focus on Landlocked Developing States
Top Insights

Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 33 pp.

"Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) face unique development challenges. Higher transportation costs, trade barriers, and limited connectivity impede economic integration. LLDCs rely on neighbouring countries for access to trade routes, resulting in delays and higher costs. These countries also ... more

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Measuring cybercrime and cyberdeviance in surveys

David Buil-Gil, Nicolas Trajtenberg, Marcelo F. Aebi

In: The Routledge International Handbook of Online Deviance

Roderick S. Graham; Stephan G. Humer; Claire Seungeun Lee; Veronika Nagy (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2025), pp. 44-72

"Cybercrime has been on the rise since the 1990s, and so is the need for researchers and public administrations to better estimate its prevalence, incidence, distribution and nature. The limitations of police statistics as measures of crime are widely known and seem even more severe—in terms of th ... more

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Cybercrime-Trends 2025

Köln: sosafe (2025), 22 pp.

"Die Reichweite der Cybercrime-Branche hat einen neuen Höhepunkt erreicht. 72% aller Organisationen weltweit berichten vom steigenden Cyberrisiko. Der Schaden durch Cybercrime betrug 2024 allein in Deutschland 178,6 Mrd. Euro. Das sind 20% mehr als im Vorjahr. Cyberkriminelle hängen Organisatione ... more

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Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Key Guidance

Hamburg: Hamburg Sustainability Conference;UNDP (2025), 7 pp.

"As global stakeholders from governments, international organizations, the private sector, academia, and civil society, we convene in Hamburg to shape a human-centric, human-rights-based, inclusive, open, sustainable, and responsible AI future. We commit to advancing AI for the SDGs, aligning with o ... more

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Künstliche Intelligenz in politischen Kampagnen: Akzeptanz, Wahrnehmung und Wirkung

Simon Kruschinski, Pablo Jost, Hannah Fecher, Tobias Scherer

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2025), 108 pp.

"Im ersten Teil geben wir einen Überblick über den Einsatz von generativer KI in der politischen Kampagnenkommunikation. Insbesondere die generativen KI-Tools ChatGPT und Midjourney werden zunehmend in politischen Kampagnen eingesetzt, um menschenähnliche Texte beziehungsweise fotorealistische Bi ... more

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Künstliche Intelligenz im medialen Diskurs: Wird soziale Gerechtigkeit ausgeblendet?

Elke Grittmann, Lina Brink, Peter Kann

Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung (2025), 84 pp.

[.] Auf Basis von über 2.000 Artikeln aus neun reichweitenstarken Print- und Onlinemedien untersuchen die Autor*innen, welche Themen in der Berichterstattung über KI gesetzt, wie Bezüge zu Fragen sozialer Gerechtigkeit hergestellt werden, welche narrativen Muster sich zeigen und welche Akteur*inn ... more

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Redes que atrapan: La explotación sexual de la infancia y la adolescencia en entornos digitales

Clara Burriel

Save the Children España (2025), 94 pp.

"Con este informe, se pretende arrojar algo de luz sobre un fenómeno especialmente complejo y todavía difícil de delimitar, en parte por la falta de una definición única y por la ausencia de datos que revelen su prevalencia real, pero también en parte por la normalización de determinadas cond ... more

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Digital Infrastructure Investment Initiative: Closing the digital infrastructure investment gap by 2030

Geneva: ITU (2025), vi, 37 pp.

"This white paper summarizes the outcomes of the initial phase of the Digital Infrastructure Investment Initiative (DIII), launched in 2024 by the ITU in collaboration with the International and Regional Development Finance community, and in coordination with the G20 Brazil Presidency. The initiativ ... e also benefitted from the advice and feedback of over 40 organizations who comprised the DIII Working Group. The aims of the DIII in its initial stage are: i) Understand the digital infrastructure investment gap and opportunity: Despite the increase in internet usage in recent years, 35% of the global population does not use the internet at sufficient speeds. This percentage increases to 54% in low and lower-middle-income countries, primarily due to the absence of necessary infrastructure. Developing this infrastructure is estimated to require at least USD 1.6 trillion, according to high-level calculations by the DIII. ii) Develop a framework that describes the key areas that need to be addressed to increase investment and measure a country’s digital infrastructure investment readiness: By exploring the factors affecting investments, the DIII has identified five archetypal challenges that hinder investments in digital infrastructure. These challenges are demand fragmentation, significant gaps in core infrastructure, unclear digital agendas and policies, execution risks, and country risks. The presence and significance of these challenges depend on the context. iii) Identify innovative financing mechanisms and instruments that international organizations and private or public plurilateral/multilateral financing institutions can implement to accelerate reaching the target of universal and meaningful connectivity by 2030: Closing the digital infrastructure investment gap will necessitate the identification and deployment of innovative financing mechanisms and instruments. Through a series of discussions, the DIII has identified a range of initiatives, including platforms for pooled digital investments and technical forums designed to enhance coordination and share best practices. Detailed in the report, these initiatives aim to enable stakeholders to improve coordination and collaboratively finance infrastructure projects. With this document, the initiative aims to inspire multistakeholder solutions through innovative financing of digital infrastructure, moving toward the goal of providing universal, meaningful connectivity to the 2.6 billion unconnected individuals across the world by 2030." (Executive summary) more

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An overview of digital service taxation

raul Katz

Geneva: ITU (2025), xi, 36 pp.

"The study’s first major conclusion is that taxes imposed both on operators and on consumers remain in place in many countries around the world. At least 74 countries impose taxes on service providers, whether environmentally related, import duties on equipment or VAT on equipment purchases. Simil ... arly, 145 countries impose VAT on mobile services, while 74 apply import duties on mobile devices. Secondly, some nuanced geographic patterns in terms of taxation approaches can be teased out from the data. The group of countries exempting equipment purchases from taxation include advanced economies and some less developed countries. This would indicate that this group is not only composed of countries that do not require equipment taxation to increase revenues but also countries that prioritize maximization of network coverage (stimulated by lower equipment taxes) over tax collection. That said, there appears to be countries, mostly concentrated in the developing world, with some middle-income economies, that still prioritize tax collection from import duties on equipment. Thirdly, unlike with network equipment, many countries were identified that exempt consumer devices from import duty or device-specific taxes. Furthermore, several developing countries were found to tax the import of devices at an extremely high rate. However, some countries have established consumer device taxation approaches aimed at reducing the purchasing acquisition cost. At the other end, some countries appear to have imposed high taxation on consumer devices. In addition to taxes on devices, affordability of telecommunications/ICTs for consumers is affected by VAT paid on mobile telecommunications services, a fairly common practice across countries. Of all services to which VAT is applied, the most prevalent service is outgoing international traffic, where rates range between 2.75 per cent and 20 per cent. Finally, many countries have enacted a digital service tax to address perceived gaps in corporate income-tax systems. This approach imposes a tax on gross receipts derived from digital advertising, data mining and other types of digital platform revenue. A few countries have already implemented national approaches aimed at tackling profit shifting by digital platforms. While many countries did not report the application of digital service taxes in the ITU Tariff Policies Survey, of the 115 nations that provided a response, only 17 reported applying a digital service tax, and the percentage applied varies from 3% (Fance) to 21% (Argentina). This limited evidence prevents us from understanding what the current trend is in this domain." (Conclusion) more

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The revised SADC toolkit on universal access funding and universal service fund implementation 2024

Kerron Edmunson

Geneva: ITU (2025), xi, 76 pp.

"In 2011, working with the Communications Regulators’ Association of Southern Africa (CRASA),1 the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in cooperation with the European Commission (EC) published a toolkit on universal access funding and universal service implementation to provide guidance o ... more

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United Nations Activities on Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Geneva: ITU (2025), xvi, 500 pp.

"If 2023 was the year of generative artificial intelligence, 2024 was marked by the rapid expansion and adoption of AI, driving waves of innovation across nearly every conceivable domain. The United Nations system has kept an encouraging pace, redoubling efforts to harness the power and potential of ... more

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Measuring what matters: How to assess AI’s environmental impact

Geneva: ITU (2025), viii, 21 pp.

This report synthesizes key findings from a diverse range of sources, including academic literature, corporate sustainability initiatives, and emerging environmental tracking tools. Collectively, these documents provide a thorough overview of current methodologies for evaluating the environmental im ... more

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Measuring Digital Development: The ICT Development Index

Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 36 pp.

"I am pleased to present the 2025 edition of the ICT Development Index (IDI). This is the third edition based on the revised methodology adopted by Member States in 2023. The current IDI is anchored in the concept of universal and meaningful connectivity (UMC), a term coined by ITU in 2021 that has ... more

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Measuring digital development: The affordability of ICT services 2024

Geneva: ITU (2025), iv, 27 pp.

"This edition’s findings highlight important progress: in 2024, mobile broadband services have become more affordable in most regions and for most income groups, and a growing number of countries are meeting the Broadband Commission’s target of entry-level broadband services costing less than 2 ... more

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The impact of digital transformation on the economy: Econometric modelling

Raul Katz, Fernando Callorda, Juan Jung

Geneva: ITU (2025), xiii, 69 pp.

"This research applies econometric modelling techniques to examine the economic contribution of fixed and mobile broadband as well as digitization around the world. Building on a series of studies published by the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) it provides significant evidence on the ... more

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Greening digital companies 2025: Monitoring emissions and climate commitments

Geneva; Amsterdam: ITU;World Benchmarking Alliance (2025), 90 pp.

"The fourth edition of the Greening Digital Companies: Monitoring Emissions and Climate Commitments report continues to track greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy use and climate commitments of 200 digital companies. It provides a critical foundation for setting science-based targets (SBTs), measu ... more

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Der neue Gott: Künstliche Intelligenz und die menschliche Sinnsuche

Claudia Paganini

Freiburg et al.: Herder (2025), 176 pp.

"Ist Künstliche Intelligenz der neue Gott des digitalen Zeitalters? In diesem tiefgründigen Essay entfaltet Claudia Paganini eine philosophisch brisante These: Erstmals erschafft der Mensch einen Gott, statt ihn nur zu denken. Die KI übernimmt zunehmend, was einst der Religion vorbehalten war: Si ... more

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Big Tech Must Go! Digital Giants are Destroying our Democracies and Economies. We will stop them
Top Insights

Martin Andree

Frankfurt; Chicago: Campus Verlag;University of Chicago Press (2025), 285 pp.

"Digital monopolies shape ever larger parts of our lives. The platforms are increasingly controlling the public formation of political opinion and at the same time abolishing our free market economy. Digital expert Martin Andree shows in detail how far the hostile takeover of our society by the tech ... more

Data Governance Toolkit: Navigating Data in the Digital Age Key Guidance

Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures: Focus on Landlocked Developing States Top Insights

Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Key Guidance

Big Tech Must Go! Digital Giants are Destroying our Democracies and Economies. We will stop them Top Insights

Data Governance Toolkit: Navigating Data in the Digital Age
Key Guidance

Measuring Digital Development. Facts and Figures: Focus on Landlocked Developing States
Top Insights

Hamburg Declaration on Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI) for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Key Guidance

Big Tech Must Go! Digital Giants are Destroying our Democracies and Economies. We will stop them
Top Insights