"The term ‘digital skills’ refers to a range of different abilities, many of which are not only ‘skills’ per se, but a combination of behaviours, expertise, know-how, work habits, character traits, dispositions and critical understandings. These skills and competencies are interconnected and
...
broadly complementary. They are also, in today’s technology-saturated communities, foundational to full participation in society and, as such, need to be developed and refined over time and according to the personal and professional circumstances of individuals. Countries are increasingly seeking to map and define digital skills and competencies that change constantly because of technological advancements. These flexible maps and definitions provide a basis for the development of inclusive, equitable and sustainable educational interventions." (Executive summary)
more
"Ein alberner Tweet kann den Job kosten, freizügiges Verhalten und Sorglosigkeit einem die Lust am Leben rauben: Der digitale Pranger kennt oft keine Vergebung und keine Gnade. Höchste Zeit umzudenken und zu differenzieren. Anhand von Studienbefunden wird die aktuelle Dimension dieses generationen
...
übergreifenden Phänomens gezeigt und dann der Fokus auf Schulen gerichtet. In Deutschland wird pro Woche in jeder dritten Schule ein Cybermobbing-Fall gemeldet, aber nur jede fünfte geht das Thema systematisch an. In Norwegen zum Beispiel sind Schulen verpflichtet, digitalen Demütigungen vorzubeugen. Normativ und auch mit dem ethischen Prinzip der Tatherrschaft begründet, ist es keine Option, bloß zuzusehen, wenn andere virtuell geplagt werden. Es gilt zu handeln - so wie wir uns dies wünschten, wenn wir selber ähnlich angegriffen würden. Handlungsvorschläge und beispielhafte Initiativen bilden das Fazit des Beitrags." (Abstract)
more
"This inventory was developed by FHI 360, with grant funding from the Rockefeller Foundation, to support resilience practitioners and the broader development community to identify digital technologies that have the potential to enhance resilience outcomes, particularly in Asia. It was primarily popu
...
lated through a crowdsourced call for submissions that took place in March 2017. Given the crowdsourced nature of this inventory, responsibility for the accuracy of the content rests solely with the individuals who made submissions." (Introduction)
more
"Unfortunately, the Internet has fallen short of its promises in some other aspects, as its benefits have not fully reached people in the bottom of the income distribution. For example, skilled workers are better able to leverage the Internet to increase their earnings, whereas unskilled workers fac
...
e a higher risk of having their jobs automated. High-productivity firms are more likely to use the Internet to grow their business, while mom-and-pop stores face the risk of being displaced. Rich countries, which tend to have stronger institutions than poorer countries, are better equipped to use the Internet to fight corruption and hold public officials accountable. In other words, the past three decades have shown that the benefits of achieving universal Internet access or increasing the size of the information and communication technology sector will not fully materialize unless governments improve their business environment, invest in human capital, and enhance their institutions. This message cannot be emphasized enough, especially for countries in the ECA region with a long tradition of distortionary industrial policies aimed at cherrypicking winners and losers. Reaping Digital Dividends: Leveraging the Internet for Development in Europe and Central Asia provides a framework for governments in the region to maximize the impact of the Internet on poverty reduction and shared prosperity. It highlights the diverse yet surmountable set of challenges. Although many people in the East remain unconnected, the experience of their neighbors to the West shows that achieving nearly universal Internet access does not guarantee success. For example, several factors hamper technology adoption among firms, while rigid regulations constrain the expansion of the sharing economy. This report argues that reaping digital dividends requires policies focused not only on the telecommunications sector but also on the analog complements, such as skills and the business environment. It also highlights that governments should be prepared to address the disruptive effects of new technologies and facilitate the transition of displaced workers to new and more productive jobs." (Foreword)
more
"This study, which covers 121 UNESCO Member States, represents a global benchmarking of journalistic source protection in the Digital Age. It focuses on developments during the period 2007-2015. The legal frameworks that support protection of journalistic sources, at international, regional and coun
...
try levels, are under significant strain in 2015. They are increasingly at risk of erosion, restriction and compromise - a development that is seen to represent a direct challenge to the established universal human rights of freedom of expression and privacy, and one that especially may constitute a threat to the sustainability of investigative journalism. In many of the countries examined in this Study, it was found that legal source protection frameworks are being actually or potentially: overridden by national security and anti-terrorism legislation; undercut by surveillance – both mass and targeted; jeopardised by mandatory data retention policies and pressure applied to third party intermediaries - like ISPs, telcos, search engines, social media platforms - to release data which risks exposing sources; outdated when it comes to regulating the collection and use of digital data, such as whether information recorded without consent is admissible in a court case against either a journalist or a source; and whether digitally stored material gathered by journalistic actors is covered by existing source protection laws." (Executive summary)
more
"Although most Africans remain disconnected from the Internet, and access to broadband services continues to be a central policy issue, the increased availability of broadband services alone will not reduce digital inequality on the continent. While the provision of access to the Internet remains a
...
key public policy issue — as a necessary condition of digital participation in the economy and society — it is insufficient. Even where networks and services are available, large numbers of people are unable to access these services affordably or use them optimally to enhance their social and economic well-being, unlike in more mature economies, where levels of human development and equality are higher [...] Demand stimulation measures — such as the reduction of prices to make services more affordable, the development of relevant local content and applications, the enhancement of citizens’ e-literacy and national skills development plans — are the focus areas of this paper. It examines alternative policy and regulatory interventions to so-called “international best practice” — assuming in the process certain political and economic conditions, by recognizing the institutional and resource constraints that generally exist in African countries — and proposes multiple strategies across the ICT ecosystem that could result in more inclusive digital development." (Executive summary)
more
"This publication is what we call our Transfer Guide. It serves three different purposes. First, it documents the work done by the IGF Academy team and the eight fellows in 2016. Together, we mapped those stakeholders involved (or who should be involved) in Internet governance in the eight countries
...
[Bangladesh, Bhutan, Congo-Brazzaville, Myanmar, Namibia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Togo] [...] Secondly, the Transfer Guide is an iterative document in that the fellows will continue to work on or adapt various aspects of the process, such as creating more detailed funding and communication strategies or mapping a changing stakeholder environment. As such, the Transfer Guide shows past as well as future tasks and also serves as a reminder of actions to review. Thirdly, this publication aims to transfer knowledge and experience so that others can benefit from the results of this process." (Page 3)
more
"Diese Publikation soll deutlich machen: Die Vorstellung einer inhaltlichen Trennung national-europäischer Digitalpolitik von globaler Internet Governance ist nicht nur falsch – sie ist mit Blick auf die zukünftige Regulierung und Entwicklung des Internets auch sehr kurzsichtig. Denn die in den
...
nationalen und globalen Gremien diskutierten Fragestellungen unterscheiden sich nur auf den ersten Blick. Tatsächlich handelt es sich um die gleichen technischen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftspolitischen Fragen, diskutiert in verschiedenen Settings und unter Einbeziehung unterschiedlicher Akteure. Nicht selten werden auf einer Ebene Reformvorhaben angestoßen, die auf einer anderen Ebene nicht verfolgt oder nicht sinnvoll umgesetzt werden können. Ein Beispiel dafür führt Hauke Gierow in seinem Beitrag zum Thema Breitbandausbau vor. Das „Recht auf einen Internetzugang“ wurde auf globaler Ebene beschlossen und kodifiziert. Die technische Umsetzung der Versorgung mit Internetzugang obliegt nationalen Bemühungen, privaten Vereinen und Unternehmen. Über das „Wie“ der Umsetzung (zum Beispiel durch Angebote des „Zero-Rating“) wiederum wird ein globaler politischer Diskurs geführt." (Seite 9-10)
more
"Frente a la tendencia regional y global que lleva a gobiernos y a proveedores de servicio a acumular una cantidad cada vez mayor de información sobre sus usuarios, este estudio intenta una aproximación comparada a la manera en que las legislaciones de México, Brasil, Colombia, Perú, Argentina y
...
Chile abordan la retención de datos y el registro de teléfonos móviles, de cara a sus obligaciones y compromisos internacionales en el marco interamericano, y en particular en relación a los proyectos legislativos que en Chile buscan realizar cambios al actual marco regulatorio de las telecomunicaciones." (Resumen)
more
"This resource is designed to support practitioners, decision makers, and development partners who work at the intersection of ICT and agriculture. In this revised e-Sourcebook you will find updated modules on ICT in the work of producer organizations; in research, extension and innovation; and in v
...
alue chains and markets. The module on gender as a crosscutting theme has also been updated, and a new module on Big Data has been added. Our hope is that the updated ICT in Agriculture e-Sourcebook will continue to be a practical guide in understanding current trends, implementing appropriate interventions, and evaluating the impact of ICT interventions in agricultural programs. The publication marries cutting-edge expert knowledge in ICT with empirical knowledge on a wide range of agriculture topics, from governance to supply chain management. The original e-Sourcebook was an endeavor carried out by InfoDev and the Agriculture and Rural Development Department of the World Bank. The update of the ICT in Agriculture e-Sourcebook was led by the World Bank Group’s Food and Agriculture Global Practice, with significant contributions from external partners and experts." (Foreword)
more
"In its first section, the study examines the legal framework regarding personal data in Lebanon. Even though Lebanon participated in developing the directives on data protection legislation issued by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) in 2012, the country sti
...
ll lacks specific legislation on personal data [...] In its second section, the study defines biometric data, explains the technology employed in collecting it, and summarizes the most important methods used to encrypt and protect it from breaches. The study highlights the use of biometrics given recent technological advances and discusses the importance of using sophisticated protections to ensure that data is protected from leaks and breaches [...] In the third section, the study reviews data leaks originating from different sectors, underscoring the extent to which Lebanese citizens and residents’ personal data is being misused. The study reveals that personal data collected in the country is susceptible to infiltration and to leaks due to weak protection systems and the absence of specialized legislation [...] In the fourth section, the study reviews the “Electronic Transactions and Personal Data Protection” draft law, which a subcommittee formed by the joint parliamentary committees is currently discussing." (Executive summary)
more
"Hasta 2014, eran cinco los principales grupos que operaban en la región con capacidad de liderazgo y expansión más allá de las fronteras geográficas y de sectorización industrial: en orden de importancia a partir de su facturación, se trataba de Telefónica, América Móvil, Globo, Televisa
...
y Clarín. Por entonces, las dos telefónicas mencionadas se ubicaban en un nivel muy superior al de Globo y Televisa, dado que facturaban diez veces más que los multimedios de Brasil y México. Estos, por su parte, duplicaban los ingresos del Grupo Clarín de Argentina. Desde entonces, hubo modificaciones en la estructuración de estos grupos, nuevas sociedades entre algunos de ellos y fusiones que alteraron su jerarquía económica y que potencian aún más el cuadro de concentración que se documenta en este libro. Cabe destacar que, si se considera solo a Telefónica y América Móvil, estos grupos se encuentran presentes en 18 de los 35 mercados analizados en esta investigación, con participaciones que tienen –al menos– el 30% de los mercados. Si la muestra abarca a los cinco grandes conglomerados de la región, se comprueba que estos están presentes en 28 de los 35 sectores. Pero también se puede apreciar que el tipo de presencia es completamente diferente si se considera a las telefónicas o a los grupos provenientes del sector de medios. Las primeras muestran una presencia secuencial, con dominio sustantivo en la televisión de pago, la telefonía fija y móvil, y la provisión de servicios de acceso a internet. Los grupos de medios tienen una presencia más diversificada, ya que han comenzado el proceso de convergencia hacia el sector de las telecomunicaciones (en especial Televisa y, fuera del lapso del presente estudio, Clarín), pero con una participación acotada a su territorio de origen. De esta forma, las telefónicas son grupos de carácter internacional o panregional con fuerte presencia en la región y una facturación muy superior a la de los grandes grupos de medios. Por su parte, los medios tradicionales han aprovechado su capacidad de influencia en la agenda política para promover sus intereses e iniciar el camino a una diversificación plena (presencia en todos o casi todos los mercados infocomunicacionales) antes que las telefónicas. De cómo se resuelva esta disputa con intereses claramente diferenciados entre medios y telefónicas, dependerá la evolución de la concentración en la región." (Conclusiones, página 193-194)
more
"In June 2017, 490 children aged 10–18, from 26 different countries and speaking 24 official languages, participated in workshops held by UNICEF Country Offices and National Committees to share their views on how and why they use digital technologies in their everyday lives, as well as their aspir
...
ations for the future of our digitally mediated world. Undertaken with the aim of generating data with children for publication in the State of the World's Children (SOWC) 2017 report, this project was a joint effort of the RErights.org team in the Institute for Culture and Society at Western Sydney University, UNICEF New York and a network of 26 UNICEF Country Offices and National Committees. It built on a previous international study that channelled children’s insights into global efforts to reinterpret the Convention on the Rights of the Child for the digital age (Third et al. 2014). Summaries of the findings of this project have been included in the SOWC report. This Companion Report, which should be read alongside the main report, explores in further detail the rich contributions of children for understanding the opportunities and challenges digital technologies present in their everyday lives." (Executive summary)
more
According to the executive summary "Facebook’s Free Basics program aims to help bridge the digital divide through a mobile-based platform that allows users to connect to a handful of online services free of charge [...] This paper highlights the following findings: Language: Free Basics does not m
...
eet the linguistic needs of target users [...] Content and usability: Free Basics features an imbalance of sites and services [...] Net neutrality: Free Basics violates net neutrality principles [...] Privacy: Facebook is accessing unique streams of user metadata from all user activities on Free Basics, not just the activities of users who are logged into Facebook." The Free Basics app was tested in six countries, with programs from five different operators: Colombia (Tigo), Ghana (Tigo), Kenya (Airtel), Mexico (Virgin Mobile), Pakistan (Telenor), and the Philippines (Globe).
more
"This rapid literature review collates findings from recently published papers on digital development and gender, highlighting some of the most commonly discussed discussions related to economic, social and political development. As the scope of this query is very large, this review provides an illu
...
stration of some of the commonly identified issues in the literature. The digital inclusion agenda seeks to close the gaps in access to, and adoption of, fast evolving information and communication technology (ICT) services, particularly mobile phones and the internet. It is an important aspect of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as both an end and a means to the cross-cutting policy aim of ‘leaving no one behind’. The potential gains from digital technologies are high, however they often remain unrealised, especially for women and girls (World Bank, 2016)." (Overview, page 2)
more
"The report has two main parts. In the first part, we explore the questions discussed in the previous paragraphs [on the internet of things] through a regional survey spanning the 22 Arab countries. In the second part we continue the tradition set in the previous editions of the Arab Social Media Re
...
port series by exploring the growth and usage trends of influential social media platforms across the region, including Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin and, for the first time, Instagram. The findings highlight important changes—and some stagnation—in the ways social media is infiltrating demographic layers in Arab societies, be it gender, age and language." (Introduction, page 8)
more
"Compared to five years ago, internet penetration rose in all six countries surveyed and most dramatically in Jordan, Lebanon, and Tunisia. Smartphone ownership tracks closely with internet use in the six surveyed countries. Nearly all nationals in Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE own a sma
...
rtphone compared with 83% of Jordanians and 65% of Tunisians. Use of Arabic online has increased proportionally with the increase in internet users. In comparison, use of the internet in English remains essentially flat, 25% in 2013 and 28% in 2017, despite the increase in internet use. As internet penetration rises, nationals are less likely to be using offline media platforms compared with 2013. Most nationals still watch TV, but the rate declined modestly since 2013 (98% in 2013 vs. 93% in 2017). Rates of newspaper readership, however, declined more sharply from 47% in 2013 to 25% in 2017. Radio and magazines also declined in popularity since 2013 (radio: 59% in 2013 vs. 49% in 2017; magazines: 26% in 2013 vs. 19% in 2017)." (Executive summary, page 10)
more
"This study assesses the Cybercrime Act 2015 and its implications for online press freedom in the liberal authoritarian state of Nigeria. Specifically, the study examines how the character of political leadership in Nigeria leads to wrongful application of the act to undermine the independence of th
...
e press. The study shows that Nigeria’s online press freedom index has consistently worsened since the introduction of the Cybercrime Act in 2015, and it recommends the promotion of a holistic democratic project that recognises economic and political freedom as being inextricably linked." (Abstract)
more
"Access to and use of internet in Afghanistan has grown in the past decade to reach approximately 12% of the population. Social media penetration has followed the same course, challenging traditional media platforms and providing new platforms for public discourse. Social media carries the expectati
...
ons of propagating change in Afghanistan through open expression, but the reality of its usage provides a need for a more nuanced assessment of its impact on Afghan society Social media users represent approximately 9% of the Afghan population, and are a homogenous group of primarily young, urban, and educated individuals." (Executive summary)
more