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Loving Hate: Anti-Muslim Extremism, Radical Islamism and the Spiral of Polarization

Maik Fielitz, Julia Ebner, Jakob Guhl, Matthias Quent

Jena (DE); London; Berlin: Institute for Democracy and Civil Society (IDZ);Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2018), 75 pp.

"This report focuses on the interactional dynamics between anti-Muslim extremists and radical Islamists in Germany and beyond. It reveals ideological underpinnings, approaches to mobilization and communication patterns, which all prove to be analogous on both sides, and it places emphasis on the rec ... iprocity of hate that may serve to intensify processes of individual and group radicalization. Our study presents the first systematic analysis of the interplay between both forms of extremism that plays out on different places on the Internet. It provides direct evidence showing that Islamist and far-right movements converge at different levels and mutually amplify one another. The analysis focuses on measuring the online interaction between extremist content, individuals and events. Overall, over 10,000 Islamist and far-right Facebook posts and over one million German anti-Muslim tweets between 1 January 2013 and 30 November 2017 were analyzed for this study. Additionally, we conducted three months of ethnographic research into encrypted pro-IS and pro-Al-Qaeda groups on Telegram as well as into far-right chat groups. Key Findings Radical Islamism and anti-Muslim racism, which manifest themselves in the form of far-right extremism and right-wing populism exhibit a symbiotic relationship. In the context of glocal interaction patterns, the far right operates as a national sphere of resonance for international jihadism. Both negate and dismantle basic democratic values such as the inviolability of human dignity and religious freedom. What’s more, racism against Muslims paves the way for radicalization through Islamic fundamentalists. We identified three key patterns that reveal common worldviews and argumentative resemblance: First, the demonization of enemies based on a clear distinction between friend and foe. Second, the victimization of one’s own group as both sides take advantage of the alleged discrimination of their own group and the constructed dominance of the other. Third, conspiracy, which is the basic explanation provided for why the respective milieus do not share their exclusionary claim to truth. The alleged systematic blindness caused by the Jews or fake news are needed to balance the dissonance between claims and reality as well as to contribute to demonizing other groups." (Executive summary) more

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Public Service Media and Information Disorder. Public Media Institutions at a Crossroads: Visions, Strategies, Tactics

Minna Horowitz

Center for Media, Data and Society (CMDS) (2018), 29 pp.

"The Center for Media, Data and Society has curated a series of lectures addressing the challenges and the future of public media titled Public Media Institutions at a Crossroads: Visions, Strategies, Tactics. The speakers and themes have included a multi-dimensional outlook on what PSM institutions ... more

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Disinformation Resilience in Central and Eastern Europe

Kyiv: Foreign Policy Council “Ukrainian Prism” (Prismua);Eurasian States in Transition Research Center (EAST Center) (2018), 335 pp.

"This research is aimed at assessing national vulnerabilities and preparedness to counteract foreign-led disinformation in 14 countries of Eastern and Central Europe. The Visegrad states (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia), Eastern Partnership countries (Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia ... more

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Freedom of Expression and Religious Hate Speech in Europe

Erica Howard

London; New York: Routledge (2018), xv, 191 pp.

"In recent years, the Danish cartoons affair, the Charlie Hebdo murders and the terrorist attacks in Brussels and Paris have resulted in increasingly strident anti-Islamic speeches by politicians. This raises questions about the limits to freedom of expression and whether this freedom can and should ... more

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Democratic Defense Against Disinformation

Daniel Fried, Alina Polyakova

Washington, DC: Atlantic Council (2018), 16 pp.

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Taliban Narratives: The Use and Power of Stories in the Afghanistan Conflict
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Thomas H. Johnson

London: Hurst (2017), xxxvi, 376 pp.

"Why has the Taliban been so much more effective in presenting messages that resonate with the Afghan population than the United States, the Afghan Government and their allies? This book, based on years of field research and the assessment of hundreds of original source materials, examines the infor ... more

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The Language of Discrimination

Karen Stollznow

München: Lincom (2017), 412 pp.

"Language is one of the main ways that discrimination is enacted. In the discourse of discrimination there is a set of key words that denote the processes of prejudice. This book discusses the lexical semantics of this field of words and how, as a cognitive process, they underlie insults, hate speec ... more

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Media, Youth and Radicalization: The Role of Media and Digital Literacy in Countering Violent Extremism

Jad Melki

Beirut: Lebanese American University (LAU), Institute of Media Research and Training (IMRT);Media and Digital Literacy Acedemy of Beirut (MDLAB) (2017), 14 pp.

"This preliminary technical report examines the relationship between media uses of Lebanese youth and their potential attraction to extremism—broadly conceived. The study focuses on school students aged 14 to 18 and their teachers. It is based on 16 focus groups distributed across the country and ... more

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More Than Propaganda, a Review of Boko Haram's Public Messages

Omar Mahmood

Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2017), 31 pp.

"Although not always consistent, Boko Haram has ensured its narrative is publicly disseminated, which is revealing for a group that is extremely secretive. Messaging creates awareness about the group and its activities, which can tie into recruitment. Messaging demonstrates a clear pattern of expand ... more

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Online Harassment of Journalists in Hungary: Forms, Coping Mechanisms and Consequences for Press Freedom

Tamas Tofalvy

Vienna: International Press Institute (IPI) (2017), 25 pp.

"This report identifies eight basic types of harassment present in Hungary: rhetorical aggression; trolling; bullying; threats; public shaming; violation of personal privacy; cyber attacks and site hacking; and malicious social media activity. The study found that the most common types of online har ... more

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Online Hate Speech in the European Union: A Discourse-Analytic Perspective

Stavros Assimakopoulos, Fabienne H. Baider, Sharon Millar (eds.)

Springer (2017), viii, 90 pp.

"The central objective of this volume has been to show that legislation against hate speech in the EU may be an effective first step towards combatting the phenomenon, but it might not be adequate on its own to contain the present situation. This is because hate speech has multiple ways of being exp ... more

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Youth and Violent Extremism on Social Media: Mapping the Research

Séraphin Alava, Divina Frau-Meigs, Ghayda Hassan

Paris: UNESCO (2017), 161 pp.

"Based on a bibliometric and scientific study of research conducted in Europe, North America, Latin America, the Caribbean, the Arab world, parts of Africa and Asia on the links between the use of social media and the phenomena of radicalization, the Report analyzes more than 550 studies published i ... more

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Verhasste Vielfalt: Eine Analyse von Hate Speech im Raum von Kirche und Diakonie mit Kommentierungen

Annika Lukas, Ellen Radtke, Claudia Schulz (eds.)

Hannover: Studienzentrum der EKD für Genderfragen in Kirche und Theologie;creo-media (2017), 182 pp.

"Die vorliegende Studie gliedert sich in einen einführenden Teil, in dem das Phänomen Hate Speech dargestellt ist, und einen empirischen Teil, in dem Äußerungen mit thematischen Bezug zu „Gender“, „Homosexualität“ sowie „Flucht und Islam“ im kirchlichen und diakonischen Rahmen analy ... more

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Media Regulatory Authorities and Hate Speech

Asja Roksa Zubcevic, Stanislav Bender, Jadranka Vojvodic

Belgrade: Council of Europe (2017), 136 pp.

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Guía para combatir el discurso de odio

Madrid: Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG) (2017), 19 pp.

"Esta guía elaborada por la Fundación Secretariado Gitano (FSG) tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer orientaciones a las organizaciones que trabajan por la igualdad de trato y la no discriminación, a agentes clave y a la ciudadanía, sobre qué es el discurso de odio y cómo combatirlo más efic ... more

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La importancia de la imagen en el periodismo: El fotoperiodismo y los conflictos terroristas

Óliver Hernández Barroso

La Laguna: Universidad de La Laguna, Thesis (2017), 53 pp.

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Manifestations of Online Hate Speech: Reports on Antisemitic, Antiziganistic, Homophobic and Anti-Muslim Hate Speech

Maren Hamelmann, Camille Lhopitault, Andreas Schadauer

Amsterdam: International Network Against Cyber Hate (INACH) (2017), 232 pp.

"The aim of this report is to illustrate, on the basis of online hate speech examples from six countries - Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Spain -, patterns of cyber hate against four communities. The topics that will be subsequently analysed are: antisemitism, antiziganism, h ... more

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How Jihadists Recruit Girls and Young Women: Web Propaganda for Terror and Violence is Tailored to Female Target Group

jugendschutz.net (2017), 3 pp.

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Digitale Medien und politisch-weltanschaulicher Extremismus im Jugendalter: Erkenntnisse aus Wissenschaft und Praxis

Claudia Alvares, Ann Kristin Beier, Chloe Colliver et al.

Halle (Saale): Deutsches Jugendinstitut (2017), 287 pp.

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When Media is Used to Incite Violence: The United Nations, Genocide, and Atrocity Crimes

Adama Dieng, Simona Cruciani

In: The Routledge Companion to Media and Humanitarian Action

Robin Andersen; Robin Purnaka L. de Silva (eds.)

London: Routledge (2017), pp. 60-67

"Adama Dieng and Simona Cruciani articulate how hate speech is defined, and draw out its possible consequences. Dieng makes the distinction between hate speech and incitement. Incitement is a very dangerous form of hate speech that can trigger violence and, in some instances, atrocity crimes and eve ... more

Taliban Narratives: The Use and Power of Stories in the Afghanistan Conflict Top Insights

Taliban Narratives: The Use and Power of Stories in the Afghanistan Conflict
Top Insights