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Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
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Journals
Output Type
Online Caste-Hate Speech: Pervasive Discrimination and Humiliation on Social Media
Centre for Internet and Society (CIS) (2021), 32 pp.
"In India, religious texts, social customs, rituals, and everyday cultural practices legitimise the use of hate speech against marginalised caste groups. Notions of "purity" of “upper-caste” groups, and conversely of "pollution" of “lower-caste” groups, have made the latter subject to discri
...
Final Report
Aspen Institute (2021), 78 pp.
"This report is the culmination of an in-depth investigation aimed at better defining the causes and challenges of information disorder, and offering a viable framework for action [...] The Aspen Institute’s Commission on Information Disorder invited voices from across our society to help build up
...
Online Intimidation: Controlling the Narrative in the Balkans. Annual Digital Rights Report 2021
Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) (2021), 64 pp.
"From August 2020 until August this summer, we recorded almost 800 cases of digital rights violations in eight countries of south-eastern Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Hungary, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania and Serbia. Violations took place not just on TikTok, but also on F
...
Antisemitism and Anti-Vax Discourse in Europe: A Report on Conspiracy Ideologies and Anti-Jewish Hatred on Facebook and Twitter
Media Diversity Institute (2021), 57 pp.
"[...] we tried to identify the connection between anti-vax conspiracy theories and antisemitism, and the way they spread on social media. Eight media monitors from Get The Trolls Out! partner organisations in Belgium (Flanders), Belgium (Wallonia), France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, and the
...
Hate Narratives in the Western Balkans and Turkey
Ljubljana: Peace Institute (2021), 29 pp.
Bloggen gegen Rassismus: Holen wir uns das Netz zurück!
Key Guides
Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2021), 203 pp.
"Fake News, Hate Speech und Rassismus im Netz: Soziale Medien bieten Menschen und Organisationen auch dafür eine Plattform. Wie kann man gegensteuern und selbst aktiv für Demokratie, Meinungsvielfalt und die Entgiftung des gesellschaftlichen Klimas eintreten? Said Rezek, Politikwissenschaftler und
...
Hate Narratives and Disinformation in Online Media in Albania
Tirana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 27 pp.
"The case studies analyzed here show that, in general, the mainstream media does not produce hate speech narratives on its own, but does become a vehicle for carrying them. The greatest producers of hate narratives, division, disinformation, and polarization remain the political actors, partly becau
...
Disinformation Primer
Key Guides
USAID (2021), 96 pp.
"This primer presents an overview of disinformation culture to give readers a sense of key concepts, terminology, select case studies, and programmatic design options. Disinformation is by no means new. Although social media platforms have emerged as the most efficient spreaders of false information
...
How Journalists Can Address Misinformation on Telegram
Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2021), 35 pp.
"As of July 2021, Telegram had 550 million active users worldwide – more than the individual user bases of Twitter, Snapchat or Discord. It is the fifth most-popular messaging app after Facebook-owned Whatsapp and Messenger, and WeChat and QQ which dominate the Chinese market [...] For this paper,
...
A Lexicon of Hateful and Inflammatory Speech in the Central African Republic
Deep Insights
Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab; United States Institute of Peace (USIP); Association Jeunesse en Marche pour le Développement en Centrafrique (AJEMADEC) (2021), 38 pp.
"Since 2014, PeaceTech Lab has undertaken research and worked with local partners in 13 countries to understand the dynamics of hate speech and the connection between the proliferation of hateful narratives online and violent events offline. This research and the resulting lexicons seek to identify
...
A Comparative Study on Hate Speech and Incitement to Violence in Syrian Media. Second Monitoring Round (2020)
Syrian Center for Media and Freedom of Expression (SCM) (2021), 53 pp.
"The Syrian media of various types and geographical distribution use hate speech and incitement to Violence disproportionately. The average use of public hate speech in the Syrian media was (17.99%) as a percentage of the monitored content of the study sample, which is considered a low percentage wh
...
Das Selbstmordattentat im Bild: Aktualität und Geschichte von Märtyrerzeugnissen
Bielefeld: transcript Verlag (2021), 314 pp.
"Selbstmordattentate werden seit jeher von Bildern begleitet und durch diese bestimmt. Von Märtyrerpostern über Videotestamente bis hin zu Computersimulationen und Livestreams vom Tatort - die Bildproduktionen der Milizen sind auf vielfältige Weise an der Tat beteiligt und müssen als Akteure im
...
Digital Hate: The Global Conjuncture of Extreme Speech
Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press (2021), 266 pp.
"The euphoria that has accompanied the birth and expansion of the internet as a "liberation technology" is increasingly eclipsed by an explosion of vitriolic language on a global scale. Digital Hate: The Global Conjuncture of Extreme Speech provides the first distinctly global and interdisciplinary
...
A Taxonomy for the Classification of Post-Organisational Violent Extremist & Terrorist Content
London: Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) (2021), 26 pp.
"Across the case studies we identified three broad categories for the classification of content, which will be unpacked in greater detail in the following section: 1. Instructional material which contains guidance on operational aspects of terrorist and violent extremist activity. This includes guid
...
Information Dystopia and Philippine Democracy: Protecting the Public Sphere from Disinformation
Deep Insights
Internews (2021), 98 pp.
"The Philippines is one of the first countries where the potential for online disinformation threats to undermine democratic processes, especially during elections, was noticed [...] This report takes a deep look at an online survey that Internews conducted, explores the cultural and emotional dimen
...
Addressing Hate Speech on Social Media: Contemporary Challenges
Paris: UNESCO (2021), 10 pp.
"This discussion paper seeks to give an overview of the key aspects that need to be taken into consideration to address the occurrence of hate speech on social media, be it through concrete regulations by social media companies, counter efforts and legislations or preventive educational measures. Th
...
Radicalism Online: An Analysis of the Meanings, Ideas, and Values of Violent Extremism in Central Asia
Bishkek: Internews; Centre for Religious Studies of Kyrgyzstan (2021), 136 pp.
"In an effort to help prevent violent extremism in Central Asia, the Research Centre for Religious Studies of Kyrgyzstan conducted an analysis of values, narratives, and online messages created and distributed by banned extremist groups in five countries: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmeni
...
Beyond Fake News: The Central African Republic’s Hate Speech Problem
United States Institute of Peace (USIP), August 16 (2021)
"After a recent contested election, the Central African Republic finds itself in a precarious situation. Violence around the election combined with the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 and destructive flooding have caused the humanitarian emergency to reach its worst state in five years. Meanwhile
...
Right-Wing Extremism on the Internet: 2020-2021 Report
Mainz: jugendschutz.net (2021), 31 pp.
