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Ideological Shift, Public Support and Social Media: The 'new' in Kashmir's 'new Militancy'

Khalid Shah

New Delhi: Observer Research Foundation (ORF) (2020), 42 pp.

"The new militant movement in Kashmir, which began with Burhan Wani in the southern areas, has escalated the conflict in the Valley. While militancy is not new in Kashmir, the Pulwama attack put the conflict back on the radar of the international community. This paper examines the changing nature of ... more

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Bookmarks: A Manual for Combating Hate Speech Online Through Human Rights Education

Ellie Keen, Mara Georgescu (eds.)

Strasbourg: Council of Europe, revised ed. (2020), 213 pp.

"Hate speech is one of the most worrying forms of racism and discrimination prevailing across Europe and amplified by the Internet and social media. Hate speech online is the visible tip of the iceberg of intolerance and ethnocentrism. Young people are directly concerned as agents and victims of onl ... more

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Countering Cyberhate Against Roma: A Toolkit for Civil Society Organizations and Activists

Marco Cadena, Zsófia Farkas, Nicole Garbin

Budapest: Minority Rights Group Europe (2020), 51 pp.

"In Chapter 1, the international and European legal frameworks are outlined with a focus on the existing definitions of hate speech and current freedom of expression safeguards, the challenges posed by online hate speech, the role of IT companies in addressing these issues, and possible ways to resp ... more

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Working Paper: Designing Narrative-Based CVE Products with a Structured Professional Judgment Approach

Jörg Peschaka

Journal for Deradicalization, issue 25 (2020), pp. 158-196

"Inspired by methods used in risk assessment, this paper suggests a structured professional judgment approach (SPJ) to facilitate the decision-making process in expert group settings tasked with the development of narrative-based countering violent extremism (CVE) products. The added value of this c ... more

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Entertainment-Education Versus Extremism: Examining Parasocial Interaction Among Arab Viewers of Anti-ISIS TV Drama
Top Insights

Kareem El Damanhoury

Journal for Deradicalization, issue 24 (2020), pp. 40-77

"Recent reports indicate that over 20,000 Arab fighters traveled to join ISIS in Iraq and Syria and another 5-15 percent of millennials across seven Arab countries consider some violent extremist groups to be on the right path. In response, Arab countries have experimented with entertainment-educati ... more

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Jumanji Extremism? How Games and Gamification Could Facilitate Radicalization Processes

Linda Schlegel

Journal for Deradicalization, issue 23 (2020), pp. 1-43

"This article makes an exploratory contribution to the theoretical foundations of the study of gaming in radicalization research. It is argued that both top-down and bottom up gamification have already impacted extremist discourse and potentially radicalization processes but that research on gamific ... more

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Child’s Play: Cooperative Gaming as a Tool of Deradicalization

Asya Cooley, Skye Cooley

Journal for Deradicalization, issue 23 (2020), pp. 96-132

"This research project contributes to the CVE (countering violent extremism) literature by studying narratives as tools of reflections on self-identity designed intentionally within gaming exercises to help contextualize and account for as much environmental complexity as possible. This paper provid ... more

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How to Talk to Friends and Family who Share Misinformation: An Election Tip Sheet

PEN America (2020), 2 pp.

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Violence and Trolling on Social Media: History, Affect, and Effects of Online Vitriol

Sara Polak, Daniel Trottier (eds.)

Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press (2020), 266 pp.

"Various terms are in use to describe violent, bullying, demeaning, or otherwise antagonistic expressions on social media platforms. Hate speech is common, but also not limited to the online world. While it does signal that these expressions are speech acts, and therefore, as we maintain, performati ... more

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Desinformation aufdecken und bekämpfen: Interdisziplinäre Ansätze gegen Desinformationskampagnen und für Meinungspluralität

Martin Steinebach, Katarina Bader, Lars Rinsdorf, Nicole Krämer, Alexander Roßnagel (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2020), 217 pp.

"Was macht Desinformation im deutschsprachigen Internet aus? Wie wirkt Desinformation? Wie kann sie mithilfe technischer Mittel erkannt werden? Was kann und könnte mit regulatorischen und rechtlichen Maßnahmen gegen Desinformation getan werden? Aus den Erkenntnissen von Journalistik, Medienpsychol ... more

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Combatting Digital Disinformation: An Evaluation of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation's Disinformation Strategy

Amy O’Hara, Jodi Nelson

Hewlett Foundation (2020), 29 pp.

"The Hewlett Foundation’s decision to add a focus on disinformation to its 2017 US Democracy strategy was motivated by a desire to figure out how best to encourage social media platforms to reduce polarization exacerbated by disinformation.1 The foundation invested in two major efforts to support ... this ambition: a multi-funder partnership with Facebook to create data access for independent researchers to study the impact of social media on democracy and elections; and a grant making portfolio conceived to build an academic field to deepen the understanding of disinformation and identify policy solutions that mitigate its spread and impact on society . We found compelling the suggestion that disinformation is better considered a topic than a coherent field, and that multi-disciplinarity brings richness in framing, methods, and applications. Among Hewlett grantees, scholars self-identify as members of different fields that carry with them important epistemological and philosophical differences. We found evidence that there are perceived gaps between researchers, platforms, journalists, policy makers, civil society and others that obstruct the development of policy solutions. The missing competency among many academics to translate research findings for use, and of the need for tighter connections between scholars and decision makers were additional insights we gained about important gaps in the current landscape. During the two-year grantmaking period, the disinformation portfolio invested in varied policy and academic institutions and supported a diverse group of principal investigators. This is in contrast to the perceptions we heard about the foundation’s lack of a diverse grantee portfolio and approach. We learned from key informants and secondary research that there is an inextricable link between disinformation, racial and social equity and justice. A stronger communication strategy about the foundation team’s approach to diversity, equity and inclusion is warranted, as is a deliberate effort to showcase the work of all their grantees and their distinct perspectives. The foundation’s significant role in creating momentum for this body of work was widely noted, as was the need for continued leadership and support." (Executive summary, page 2-3) more

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The Contagion of Hate in India

Laxmi Murthy

Association for Progressive Communications (APC) (2020), 23 pp.

"This paper attempts to understand the phenomenon of hate speech and its potential to legitimise discrimination and promote violence against its targets. It lays out the interconnections between Islamophobia, hate speech and acts of physical violence against Muslims. The role of social media, especi ... more

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The Role of Social Media in Mali and its Relation to Violent Extremism: A Youth Perspective

Elise Vermeersch, Julie Coleman, Méryl Demuynck, Elena Dal Santo

United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI);International Centre for Counter-Terrorism (ICCT) (2020), 14 pp.

"Data, including information collected by the MERIT project, demonstrates that social media and social messaging are powerful tools in Mali, and have the potential to both positively and negatively impact society, particularly in relation to violent extremism. Malian youth use social media and messa ... more

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Jihadi Audiovisuality and its Entanglements: Meanings, Aesthetics, Appropriations

Christoph Günther, Simone Pfeifer (eds.)

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press (2020), xvi, 328 pp.

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Digital Vigilantism, Social Media and Cyber Criminality

Karen Allen, Isel van Zyl

Institute for Security Studies (ISS) (2020), 15 pp.

"Social media platforms have become powerful tools to amplify and share narratives. Like many evolving technologies, platforms such as Twitter or Facebook may be used for social good or for ill. Digital vigilantism (whereby social media platforms are used for organised shaming, hounding or doxing of ... more

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Más que palabras: Buscando consensos para caracterizar el discurso de odio

Asociación por los Derechos Civiles (ADC) (2020), 37 pp.

"[...] la presente investigación tiene como objeto cuatro naciones de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Costa Rica y Panamá. Se analiza de qué manera cada uno de los países seleccionados caracteriza al discurso de odio y cómo lo enfrenta. Este abordaje se realizó desde una perspectiva legal ... more

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Social Media and Conflict in Democratic Republic of Congo: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms

Nicola Barrach-Yousefi et al.

Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab;Terre de Paix;Action des Jeunes pour le Développement Communautaire et la Paix (ADECOP) (2020), 32 pp.

"To successfully monitor and counter hate speech, we must first identify specific terms and define the social and political context that makes them offensive, inflammatory, and potentially dangerous. To that end, PeaceTech Lab has pioneered a process to identify and contextualize inflammatory langua ... more

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Social Media and Conflict in Sudan: A Lexicon of Hate Speech Terms

Will Ferroggiaro et al.

Washington, DC: PeaceTech Lab;Andariya;Sudanese Development Initiative (SUDIA);Regional Center for Training and Development of Civil Society (RCDCS) (2020), 53 pp.

"PeaceTech Lab, in partnership with Andariya and the Sudan Development Initiative (SUDIA), intends this effort to contribute to understanding language and the context for potential conflict during the transition to civilian government and to eventual elections in Sudan. This project seeks to tackle ... more

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Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Daniel Arnaudo, Bret Barrowman, Julia Brothers, Lisa Reppell, Victoria Scott, Amy Studdart, Kip Wainscott, Vera Zakem

Consortium for Elections and Political Process Strengthening (CEPPS);USAID (2020), [345 pp.]

"This resource combines the collective wisdom of organizations on the front lines of combatting disinformation globally. This living project provides an outline of what’s being done to address the challenge in key areas and provides a searchable database of the organizations around the world engag ... more

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Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance

Paul Butcher, Alberto-Horst Neidhardt

Brussels: European Policy Centre (2020), 51 pp.

"This Issue Paper examines nearly 1,500 news articles from four EU member states (Germany, Italy, Spain and the Czech Republic) published between May 2019 and July 2020. It shows that disinformation narratives about migration seek to exploit readers’ fears to polarise public opinion, manufacture d ... more

Entertainment-Education Versus Extremism: Examining Parasocial Interaction Among Arab Viewers of Anti-ISIS TV Drama Top Insights

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity Key Guidance

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives Key Guidance

Entertainment-Education Versus Extremism: Examining Parasocial Interaction Among Arab Viewers of Anti-ISIS TV Drama
Top Insights

Countering Disinformation: A Guide to Promoting Information Integrity
Key Guidance

Fear and Lying in the EU: Fighting Disinformation on Migration with Alternative Narratives
Key Guidance