"La información que aquí se registra nos permite mirar en panorama y perspectiva el rol que desarrollan las emisoras comunitarias en el país, por ello este tipo de herramientas como el Indicador de Rentabilidad Social de la Comunicación (IRSCOM) nos ayuda a identificar las debilidades, fortaleza
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s y desafíos que tienen las radios comunitarias como medios de comunicación vinculado al sector cultural. El valor de estos instrumentos que brindan información técnica, está en la aplicabilidad que puedan tener en la implementación de una agenda de política pública cultural y proyectos para el fortalecimiento de la radio comunitaria del país, sin estandarizar el quehacer radiofónico en clave de transformación, reconocimiento y generación de entornos seguros." (Presentación)
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"El volumen se divide en dos grandes ejes temáticos, en el apartado “Comunicación” aborda procesos de Ecuador, Colombia y Brasil. En el caso ecuatoriano se analiza la cobertura informativa de las protestas que se realizaron en 2019 en Quito y la presencia de indígenas en las manifestaciones p
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ara reflexionar respecto al rol de los medios y evidenciar tendencias en la cobertura informativa de alinearse con un discurso oficial que suele presentar las manifestaciones sociales con un enfoque negativo; en Colombia se analizan los aportes de radios comunitarias en la transmisión de voces de paz y resistencia en el Departamento del Huila, el discurso de la prensa respecto a los actores del conflicto en los medios de comunicación y la manera en que representan a la guerrilla y grupos paramilitares y se analiza la memoria colectiva construida a través de producciones televisivas sobre el conflicto armado; desde Brasil nos encontramos un análisis de las jerarquías del espacio social construido por la narrativa periodística en el desencuentro con la alteridad y la representación de la migración construida predominantemente por el narrador sobre la condición laboral en su precariedad y supuesta amenaza. Para el apartado “Memoria y Paz” se integran trabajos sobre experiencias en cinco países: Ecuador, México, Nicaragua, Brasil y Estados Unidos. De Ecuador se revisa la percepción de violencias y cultura de paz en los jóvenes y las identidades de los jóvenes migrantes a través de sus historias de vida; de México se aborda la educación para la paz mediante la experiencia de talleres de arte con adolescentes, la violencia en la frontera Norte y procesos locales de construcción de paz en Ciudad Juárez y la justicia restaurativa en sus alcances y limitaciones con el cuestionamiento sobre sus posibilidades de aportar a procesos de paz; de Nicaragua se retoman experiencias de mujeres en la construcción de paz y memoria ante el conflicto armado; y desde Brasil se reflexiona sobre la violencia estructural con relación a la condición laboral impuesta por un un modelo económico y social excluyente, que suma desigualdades, radicaliza las tensiones sociales y que lleva a las personas a la ansiedad, estrés y depresión. De este modo,la construcción de paz a lo largo de América Latina, los procesos de memoria y la forma de comunicar las experiencias de lucha y resistencias locales son los ejes que articulan la selección de textos." (Presentación, página 12-13)
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"In this report, we qualitatively examine how audiences who lack trust in most news organisations in their countries navigate the digital information environment, especially how they make sense of the news they encounter while using social media, messaging applications, or search engines. Drawing on
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a sample of 100 individuals in four countries – Brazil, India, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States (US) – we centre on how they use Facebook, WhatsApp, and Google, based on a unique interviewing approach anchored in their concrete everyday experiences. Participants were asked to describe and respond to what they actually saw on their screens as they navigated these platforms in real time while speaking to members of our research team. This research is focused on individuals with minimal trust in most news sources and below-average interest in politics – a population often neglected in audience research since these individuals tend to be least likely to consume news. However, for that same reason, understanding the way they encounter and engage with information online is of particular importance. Indeed, in line with prior survey-based research (Toff et al. 2021c), we found these individuals tended to be indifferent towards, or even opposed to, the idea of receiving news through platforms, which they said they primarily used for other purposes. What we found is that when they did encounter news on platforms and sought to assess how credible the information might be, they often relied on cues for making quick, in-the-moment judgements, which were particularly important since many of these users rarely clicked through to the original sources of news. The mental shortcuts people discussed, summarised in Figure 1, involved (1) pre-existing ideas they held about news in general or specific news brands (where the information was coming from), but also several other factors: (2) social cues from family and friends (who shared or engaged with the news), (3) the tone and wording of headlines (whether or not it was perceived as clickbait), (4) the use of visuals (which they often saw as important evidence for what could or could not be trusted), and (5) the presence of advertising (whether or not information appeared to be sponsored). Additional (6) platform-specific cues also played a role in shaping judgements about what to trust. These involved design decisions around how information appears on platforms (e.g. what labels appear, what is given most prominence), which in turn affect many of these other cues." (Introduction and key findings, page 3)
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"Entre todos los tipos de problemas a los que se enfrentaron los trabajadores de protección de la niñez y adolescencia, el 18% de sus casos totales indicaron alguna forma de abuso y explotación sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes en línea. Esto significa que uno de cada cinco niñas, niños
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y adolescentes que recibía asistencia tenía este problema. Se debe tener en cuenta que se trata de una muestra de conveniencia, por consiguiente, las organizaciones que apoyan las problemáticas que se generan del abuso de niñas, niños y adolescentes, fueron seleccionadas para participar en la encuesta. No obstante, se tiene un fuerte indicio de la magnitud de la preocupación que tienen los trabajadores de primera línea [...] Se identificó que las niñas o adolescentes son sometidas más frecuentemente al abuso y la explotación sexual en línea, ya que alrededor del 54% de los trabajadores dijeron que las formas de abuso y explotación sexual de niñas, niños y adolescentes en línea surgían en “más de la mitad” de sus casos con niñas o mujeres jóvenes." (Principales hallazgos, página 9)
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"En algunos de los países, en mayor medida España y los EE.UU. Hispanos, la ficción ocupa de un modo consistente al menos el 40% de los tiempos de programación. Esto, en países que por niveles de ingreso deberían ser los con un mayor grado de acceso a otras fuentes de contenidos audiovisuales
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de ficción, como la televisión de pago o las plataformas de streaming. En contraste a estos casos, se observa a Argentina, Brasil y México, donde la ficción apenas supera el 15% en los años de mayor participación y se acerca al 10% en otros. Paradojalmente, tanto Brasil como México son países productores y exportadores de ficción al resto de la región. A medio camino entre ambos extremos se observa a Chile, Colombia, Perú, Portugal, Uruguay y Venezuela, en los años en que ha sido posible observar su comportamiento. Siendo la televisión abierta un sistema de contenidos estructurados en horarios asociados a las rutinas del hogar, cabe preguntarse por diferencias de roles y usos de la televisión por parte de las audiencias o la eventual sustitución de estos roles por medios o géneros alternativos. El segundo plano es de tendencia. Salvo por el caso de España, la tendencia general pareciera ser hacia una disminución de la participación de la ficción en la programación. Y, aunque los Top 10 de títulos de ficción más vistos ofrecen una mirada muy parcial del conjunto, en ellos también se observa una disminución en el tiempo de los niveles de audiencia alcanzados." (Página 24-25)
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"The Digital Ecosystem Country Assessment (DECA) Toolkit is a step-by-step guide designed to help USAID Missions conduct high-quality research that will directly inform Mission strategic and programmatic decisions for digital development interventions. The DECA is the flagship initiative of the USAI
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D Digital Strategy. It identifies opportunities and risks in a country’s digital ecosystem to help the development, design, and implementation of USAID’s strategies, projects, and activities. The DECA informs USAID Missions and other key decision-makers about how to better understand, work with, and support a country’s digital ecosystem. This Toolkit is designed to provide Mission staff with the tools and information needed to conduct this assessment." (About this Toolkit, page 5)
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"In 2011, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders defined stigmatization as the characterization of human rights defenders as “terrorists”, “enemies of the State” or “political opponents” by state authorities and state media and its use to delegitimize their work,
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increasing their vulnerability to human rights abuses and violations. The CDJ has recorded acts of stigmatization against human rights defenders between January 2019 and June 2021 in Venezuela, through public and private media outlets with links to the government. Often these media outlets, which may take the form of web portals, television programmes and blogs, among others, use the spaces to attack, expose and harass people who are perceived as critical of the government of Nicolás Maduro. Upon analysing the database with more than 300 acts of stigmatization between January 2019 and June 2021, the media outlets whose content was most frequently repeated ahead of detentions by Venezuelan security forces were Con el Mazo Dando, Misión Verdad and the web portal Lechuguinos [...] The correlation between politically motivated arbitrary detentions, carried out by all state security agents, and stigmatization, carried out by all sources of stigmatization, was filtered by each year analysed due to the different nature of each period. From this analysis it was shown that while in 2019 the overall correlation between both variables was 29%, in 2020 it increased to 42% and in the first half of 2021 it reached 77%. The annual correlations between arbitrary detentions and stigmatization also varied depending on the different security forces involved in the detention. Thus, there is a closer correlation in 2019 with detentions occurring by intelligence agencies (DGCIM and SEBIN), in 2020 by bodies under the PNB, including the FAES, which rises to 92%, and in 2021 by bodies of a civilian and decentralized nature, such as the FAES, municipal police forces and the Scientific, Penal and Criminal Investigation Corps (CICPC) which also rises to 92% correlation with stigmatization." (Executive summary, page 6-7)
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"Monitoring data indicate that in 2021 there were a total of 119 attacks against women journalists and/or gender attacks involving media professionals. Hence, it means that, on average, an attack occurred every three days. A striking aspect is the importance of gender: among the 119 cases, 38% were
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classified as gender attacks. These records mainly included attacks on the morals and reputation of female journalists (32 cases) and homophobic (8) and transphobic (1) attacks. There were also two cases of physical violence against women journalists and two online attacks motivated by gender-related news coverage. The appeal to gender and sexuality is not incidental: in societies with conservative values, this type of attack is a way of undermining the credibility of professional journalism and diverting attention from the news content. Instead of discussing the reported facts, the journalist’s legitimacy and authority to investigate and disseminate stories are discussed. In fact, it is no coincidence that the terms most used in insults to professionals refer to gender aspects – slut, whore, gossipy – and supposed ideological biases of journalists – militant, leftist, and communist, among others." (Executive summary)
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"This Media Landscape Guide provides a snapshot of the media in Colombia, including the audiences, the producers, the preferences of different groups in the community, the communications culture, and the languages associated with the media. It gives an insight into the role of media in development w
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ork, crisis preparedness, recent disasters, and the (at time of writing) ongoing COVID-19 response. The guide also gives an overview of each media sector including digital and social media, radio, television, print and other traditional forms of mass communication. It should be noted that with the constantly changing nature of the media landscape, this is not a comprehensive overview of all media outlets and platforms but rather a snapshot summary of those most relevant at the time of writing." (Introduction)
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"An international line-up of authors first discuss communication practices, strategies, and media uses by NGOs, providing insights into the specifics of NGO programs for social change goals and reveal particular sets of tactics NGOs commonly employ. The book then presents a set of case studies of NG
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O organizing from all over the world—ranging from Sudan via Brazil to China – to illustrate the particular contexts that make NGO advocacy necessary, while also highlighting successful initiatives to illuminate the important spaces NGOs occupy in civil society." (Publisher description)
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"The pandemic brought to crisis point prior trends facing independent news media, whether online or offline or hybrid. While media became more important than ever for citizens as a source of reliable information in an insecure and continuously changing world, newsrooms struggled to pay their bills.
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Already under financial pressure, many independent media have had to cut staff and even close shop. Transforming this moment of crisis into a window of opportunity, however, many in the media community, officialdom, academia, civil society and the private sector are taking action. They have come up with innovative ways to strengthen viability through initiatives that produce revenue and contribute to the central mission of independent journalism. Their efforts are a source of inspiration for media enterprises all around the world. To help multiply the achievements, this UNESCO publication profiles 11 case studies that can help ensure media viability without compromising editorial independence and journalistic integrity." (Back cover)
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"This briefing document provides an overview of key developments in digital authoritarianism in 11 countries and explains the theoretical framework and methodology behind The Unfreedom Monitor project. The document also provides a basis for expanding this research to other countries to deepen our un
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derstanding of digital authoritarianism globally, as well as its crucial implications for the future. The preliminary sample of 11 countries was chosen to reflect a range of factors: system of government, approach to human rights (including rankings in indexes), and corporate relations. The countries are: Brazil, Ecuador, Egypt, India, Morocco, Myanmar, Russia, Sudan, Tanzania, Turkey, and Zimbabwe." (Publisher description)
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"With people living longer all over the world, ageing has been framed as a socio-economic problem. In Brazil, older people are expected to remain healthy and autonomous while actively participating in society. Based on ethnographic research in São Paulo, Ageing with Smartphones in Urban Brazil show
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s how older people in a middle-class neighbourhood conciliate these expectations with the freedom and pleasures reserved for the Third Age. Work is what bonds this community together, providing a sense of dignity and citizenship." (Publisher description).
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"En el Perú existen alrededor de nueve millones de adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años. De este grupo, se estima que el 92.9 % hace uso de internet para socializar, informarse, desarrollar pasatiempos y asistir a clases durante la pandemia. Según las estadísticas oficiales, la población de adolesce
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ntes muestra una brecha digital de género menor a la de otros grupos etarios, pero estas estadísticas solo se limitan a medir la brecha de acceso material. Para entender de manera integral las barreras que enfrentan los y las adolescentes, se debe ahondar en las formas de impacto que internet tiene en sus vidas diarias, así como los estereotipos de género que pueden ser fomentados dentro de su entorno social próximo. Es por ello que entrevistamos a expertos y actores clave sobre la situación actual de la brecha digital de género en el Perú y elaboramos un estudio de campo novedoso –basado en la metodología diseñada por UNICEF y Global Kids Online– que nos permitió descubrir la diversidad de factores que promueven e inhiben la apropiación de internet por parte de adolescentes." (Página 6)
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"Los números, videos, historias y relatos no engañan. Los equipos de prensa que trabajaron durante los 18 días del paro nacional, convocado por el movimiento indígena, fueron agredidos desde todos los frentes. Pero, en especial, las agresiones provinieron de los manifestantes, los ciudadanos que
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son, precisamente, para quienes se trabaja la información. Esta realidad puso a los periodistas ante un escenario complejo: arriesgar su integridad o camuflarse para seguir reportando. Esta disyuntiva constituyó en sí una de las peores agresiones contra la prensa: la autocensura." (Página 2)
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"Los medios de comunicación son grandes aliados en la sensibilización y apropiación del legado de la Comisión de la Verdad. El Informe Final brinda la oportunidad de difundirlo a través de una variedad de formatos innovadores que vayan más allá del registro de historias. Los contextos explica
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tivos que incluye el Informe Final se convierten en información novedosa para desarrollar durante un largo tiempo. Al momento de contrastar la información es recomendable escuchar y dar cabida a todas las voces. Procurar un relato humanizante. Ir más allá de lo evidente. Evidenciar los factores de persistencia del conflicto." (Algunas sugerencias y oportunidades periodísticas para el abordaje del Informe, página 209)
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"Under the presidency of Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil, Latin America's largest democracy, has seen unprecedented increases in threats to citizens’ fundamental rights. Digital rights have not been an exception. Technoauthoritarianism in Brazil must be viewed as a multifaceted development and one that is
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not undertaken by the federal administration alone. Across the country, states are making unlawful use of civilian data for surveillance purposes and adopting facial recognition technologies, a worrying event in a country that has a history of discriminatory policing where over half of the population is Black. From inside the presidential palace and around Brazil, Bolsonaro and right-wing allies are using social media tools to advance personal interests by sponsoring disinformation campaigns and enabling targeted attacks against opponents and journalists. When targeted by social media moderation, the president tried to overturn the way platforms operate in Brazil with a provisional measure — a largely opaque, authoritarian and unilateral tool. As if the scenario weren't concerning enough for digital rights, journalists around the country are facing a tidal wave of attacks, harassment and smear campaigns, many of which are perpetrated by elected authorities. These attacks have a clear gendered aspect to them, as women journalists are not only targeted more frequently, but more violently." (https://advox.globalvoices.org)
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"Music and Digital Media is the first comparative ethnographic study of the impact of digital media on music worldwide. It offers a radical and lucid new theoretical framework for understanding digital media through music, showing that music is today where the promises and problems of the digital as
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sume clamouring audibility. The book contains ten chapters, eight of which present comprehensive original ethnographies; they are bookended by an authoritative introduction and a comparative postlude. Five chapters address popular, folk, art and crossover musics in the global South and North, including Kenya, Argentina, India, Canada and the UK. Three chapters bring the digital experimentally to the fore, presenting pioneering ethnographies of an extra-legal peer-to-peer site and the streaming platform Spotify, a series of prominent internet-mediated music genres, and the first ethnography of a global software package, the interactive music platform Max. The book is unique in bringing ethnographic research on popular, folk, art and crossover musics from the global North and South into a comparative framework on a large scale, and creates an innovative new paradigm for comparative anthropology. It shows how music enlarges anthropology while demanding to be understood with reference to classic themes of anthropological theory." (Publisher description)
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"UNESCO organized several meetings with high-level representatives from the Peruvian government, including the judicial branch and the Prosecutor’s Office, along with civil society and media syndicates. This initiative also relied on cooperation with OHCHR and the Media Freedom Group, comprised of
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the embassies of the United Kingdom, the United States, the Netherlands and Canada in Lima. These parties agreed to continue holding a multi-stakeholder dialogue in 2022, with UNESCO as a facilitator. The continuation of this dialogue will enable the development of a joint roadmap to address the safety of journalists and promote freedom of expression, which is expected to be finalized in March 2022. This roadmap will be a first step in establishing a national mechanism for the safety of journalists." (Page 2)
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