"There is abundant evidence of underrepresentation of women as subjects of coverage, but until now there were no reliable, comprehensive data on which to make a clear determination about where women currently fit into the news-making operation or in the decision-making or ownership structure of thei
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r companies. The IWMF Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media seeks to fill this gap by presenting for the first time sound data on gender positions in news organizations around the world [...] The findings presented in this report, conducted over a two-year period, offer the most complete picture to date of women’s status globally in news media ownership, publishing, governance, reporting, editing, photojournalism, broadcast production and other media jobs. More than 150 researchers interviewed executives at more than 500 companies in 59 nations using a 12-page questionnaire." (Introduction)
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"Bongo Flava is a Tanzanian category of contemporary urban youth music related to four simultaneous developments: democratization, privatization, globalization and media digitalization. Stylistically, it comprises Hiphop and R&B as well as other styles which have been appropriated by local artists w
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ho rap or sing mostly in Swahili. This article explores this cultural phenomenon in the context of social upward mobility. From its very beginning, Bongo Flava has been regarded as a mouthpiece for the youth and the ordinary people. At the same time it has always been seen as a means to escape poverty and to achieve a better life. The narrative of the meteoric rise is derived from American Hip Hop imagination, as well as from local success stories. However, there are many players in the field of Bongo Flava with whom the aspiring artists have to cope. These include studios, producers, distributors, radio presenters, the press, the audience etc., but also their fellow artists from other crews and formations. This article looks at the social side of Bongo Flava, the bonds that are built, developed, or, eventually, broken up, as well as larger networks that exist between the artists and other players in the field, and the ways the artists use them for their goal of making their way up. It also examines how the artists cope with difficulties such as corruption, jealousy and greed in their social lives. It is argued that the experience acquired in the field of Bongo Flava can be seen as a form of capital that can be employed for other purposes too. This includes experiences with studios, the media, as well as stage experience and selfpromotion. However, it is also shown that gatekeepers in the radio and TV have a strong influence on artists' success, often disadvantaging the career path of independent artists, at least those with little financial resources. The study is based on field research in Tanzania from 2001 to 2011." (Abstract)
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"The African Farm Radio Research Initiative (AFRRI) was a 42-month action research project implemented by Farm Radio International (FRI) in partnership with World University Service of Canada (WUSC), and with the support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. An estimated 40 million farmers in five
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different countries were served by the AFRRI partnership with 25 radio stations. Farmers engaged in the design and development of farm radio programming were almost 50 per cent more likely to take up agricultural practices deemed to improve their food security than passive listeners. Those in what AFRRI deemed "active listening communities" (ALCs) were 10 times more likely to adopt the practice than those farmers who had no access to the farm radio programs. Farmers demonstrated increased knowledge of agriculture innovations as a result of listening to AFRRI radio programs, with up to 96% of some radio listeners scoring at least 60% on a follow-up knowledge quiz about the promoted farm practices [.] Farmers participate in selecting the focus – or topic – of the radio campaign, choose the time of broadcast, and are intimately engaged in the ongoing development of the farm radio programming over a set number of weeks; including as central agents of the knowledge-sharing process. Lively and entertaining formats are designed to attract listeners. [.] This report presents and discusses the key findings from an in-depth evaluation of 15 round-two Participatory Radio Campaigns (PRCs) – three PRCs in each of the five countries involved in AFRRI. AFRRI examined a mix of radio stations – community, associative, commercial, and state. Tools used for this evaluation included 4,500 household surveys (300 per radio station) in 90 communities, farm visits and field measurements, key informant interviews, and collection of secondary data (from other sources, such as national agricultural extension services)." (Executive summary, page 5)
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"Farmers require varying marketing information, depending on their location, local market conditions, crops, production activities, and cultural practices. Radio has the capacity to reach a large audience, and can provide an integrated approach to market information, incorporating all these elements
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in its programming. Radio can help farmers link to new markets and buyers, strengthen their ability to negotiate prices and help them adapt crops to meet demand. Private sponsorship that emerged in response to the popularity of MIS radio programs suggests a sustainable funding model is possible. A survey of approximately 1000 household representatives living in listening communities showed that an average of 64.8% of respondents were aware of the MIS radio programs, and 84% of those who listened found the MIS radio programs to be 'very useful." (Executive summary, page 5)
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"Low cost, modern information and communication technologies (ICTs), including mobile phones, multifunction MP3 recorders, and interactive voice response (IVR) can dramatically increase the capacity of rural radio to help farmers improve food security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Weekly SMS alerts sent to
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the phones of listeners 30 minutes prior to a broadcast can boost radio campaign listenership by up to 20%. Two-thirds of partner broadcasters identified the internet as the most important ICT tool in the production of farm radio programs. Farmers who participated in the design and implementation of radio programming with the help of ICTs were four times more likely than those in passive listening communities to adopt agricultural improvements promoted on the radio. 61% of extension agents surveyed said the reach and impact of their extension work was substantially improved because they could be heard on radio programs through call-out programs." (Executive summary, page 5)
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"The South African community station movement, consisting now of around 100 such stations, situates itself explicitly in the international tradition of alternative, grassroots and (in some cases) radical media. The stations aspire - and are mandated to - cater for poor and marginalised communities,
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often left out of the information mainstream. Created as part of the democratisation process of the mid-1990s, the establishment of the sector represents a conscious attempt to broaden the Habermasian public sphere in South Africa, to improve opportunities for marginalised communities to participate in public discussion, and to build local identities in a range of ways. This article describes the way these stations are meeting their mandate in one area, news broadcasting, where they set out to cover events of particular interest to their communities. It presents a detailed analysis of the extent to which their news bullteins cover local stories, are generated by the stations themselves and use audio material. It also looks at staffing and resourcing, organisational challenges and values. On the basis of empirical research conducted at some 13 radio stations in and around Johannesburg, using methods that include content analysis, interview and observation, the findings indicate that community stations are generally failing to meet their mandate in the critical area of providing original, local news." (Abstract)
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"This book explores the legal and regulatory systems governing public service broadcasters in eight different countries around the world, looking at the services they provide, the way in which their mandates are defined, their internal governance systems, mechanisms of oversight or accountability an
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d funding. In selecting the various countries, an attempt has been made to ensure wide geographic representation, while including only countries that have a strong commitment to public service broadcasting. Special emphasis has been placed on the strategies that have evolved over the years to ensure that public service broadcasters are not undermined by two critical phenomena: external control (political or other), particularly over editorial output, and inadequate public funding. The book outlines tested approaches to resolving these key problems, but it also highlights innovative systems that are being piloted in different countries to address some of the new challenges that face public service broadcasters." (Back cover)
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Examines the impact that the rise of digital communications is having on the media, and on human rights activism. The report goes on to explore the main policy issues which must be addressed at the national and international levels to shape an enabling environment. The report combines global level a
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nalysis with a specific focus on eight countries: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Kenya, India, Indonesia, South Africa and the United States of America.
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Offers a policy-focused overview of the state of online political participatory media in Tunisia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Uganda.
"INUKA’s primary objective was to address the interests and needs of the rural producers in the CC. Capacity building of radio staff proved to be an essential element to overcome the shortage of tailored expertise on agriculture and rural related radio programming and marketing. Listeners gave a p
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ositive feedback about the informative content and the varied design of INUKA based on the “program clock”, including different segments of the program. The experience has also shown that it is easier to work with local content providers through a network of regional correspondents. The end line survey (done by Synovate) shows that about 275,000 households were regular listeners of the INUKA radio program [...] A second main pillar of the intervention was its commercial aspect. The radio program aimed to attract advertisers and sponsors, who previously had no way of reaching the rural agricultural market, to achieve a level of financial sustainability. Several private companies responded to the incentive by placing advertisement during different program segments promoting their goods and services. However, a part of the sponsoring revenues came from organizations that are themselves donor-funded. Also, individual programs’ cost accounting proved to be a difficult practice for the radio partner to adopt and thus it was unclear on how much funding is needed to create a model program and amount of income needed to sustain it. Nevertheless, the evidence shows that so far, the revenue streams cannot guarantee financial sustainability of the program. The third aim of the project was to serve as a model for other programs and media houses and change their perception about the rural audience. There are several changes on the sub-sector level to which INUKA seems to have contributed, including; more radio stations are interested to air rural related radio programs and the segmented design (“program clock”) inspired other radio and TV programs. However, it is still early to conclude on the complete impact of INUKA on the media industry and to claim plausible attribution." (Executive summary, page 6-7)
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"As the manuscript treasures in the libraries of Timbuktu and throughout the northwestern quarter of Africa become known, many questions are raised. How did a manuscript culture flourish in the Sahara and in Muslim Africa more generally? Under what conditions did African intellectuals thrive, and ho
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w did they acquire scholarly works and the writing paper necessary to contribute to knowledge? By exploring the history of the trans-Saharan book and paper trades, the scholarly production and teaching curriculae of African Muslims and the formation, preservation and codicology of library collections, the authors of this original volume provide a variety of answers. The select number of invited contributions represents current research in the material, technological, economic, and cultural dimensions of manuscript production, circulation, and preservation, and the development of specific scholarly and intellectual traditions in Saharan and Sudanic Africa." (Publisher description)
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"A National Conversation' is a 5-year project funded by DFID's Governance and Transparency Fund (GTF) delivered by the BBC World Service Trust (BBC WST). Its purpose is to 'enhance media's capacity to cover governance issues by increasing transparency, accountability and citizen participation in med
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ia'. It covers Angola, Sierra Leone and Tanzania, has a total budget of £5 million and runs from 2008 to 2013. This mid-term review, by independent media consultant Mary Myers, finds that the quality of the work has been good and the progress to date has been fairly good. The BBC WST has taken on an ambitious task and is delivering an innovative and, at times, highly sensitive project with commitment, hard work, attention to high standards and efficiency. In terms of progress against the log-frame indicators, many of the objectives are in line to be achieved by the end of the project, despite a few short-comings. The project is particularly strong on media development and co-productions with partner broadcasters. The training and mentoring work done so far is probably the element showing the biggest impact at this stage. Some other objectives have only partially been achieved and benefits and shortcomings are finely balanced. This applies particularly to the research side of the project." (Executive summary, page 4)
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