"Entertainment-education interventions frequently include an explicit persuasive appeal, such as an epilogue, at their conclusion. This may help to overcome potential limitations of narrative persuasion by highlighting and clarifying the underlying message. Despite this potential, an explicit persua
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sive appeal may also undermine the subtle approach that distinguishes narrative persuasion and thereby induce reactance and/or counterarguing. The purpose of this study was to experimentally test these two possible outcomes. In particular, the effect of an explicit persuasive appeal in the context of a dramatic television program about the dangers of drinking and driving was examined. Overall, results revealed that the narrative and explicit persuasive appeal interact to influence drinking-and-driving attitudes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed." (Abstract)
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"The Gama Cuulu radio serial drama is written and produced in Zambia's Southern Province. It promotes behavior change and service use to prevent HIV transmission. The authors evaluated the effects of Gama Cuulu on intermediate outcomes (e.g., perceived norms), as well as number of sexual partners, c
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ondom use, and HIV testing in the past year among adults between 18 and 49 years of age. The authors used a pretest/posttest assessment with a comparison group design, with Southern Province as the intervention area and Western Province as the comparison area. Approximately 1,500 in-person interviews were conducted in both provinces in 2006 (pretest), 2007, and 2008. Regression models included terms for province, time, and the interaction of the two. Outcomes improved in both provinces (e.g., by 2008, 37.6% of participants in Southern Province and 28.3% participants in Western Province tested for HIV in the past year). Pretest-to-posttest changes in condom use (from 20.2% to 29.4% in Southern Province) and 5 intermediate outcomes were significantly different in the 2 provinces. However, changes in condom use were not associated with listening to Gama Cuulu and changes in other outcomes were similar in both provinces. Weak intervention effects might be attributable to implementation challenges or the saturation of HIV programs in Zambia." (Abstract)
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"To encourage smoking cessation, persuasive messages can be used to raise smokers' risk perception. This article discusses challenges and solutions in designing a study to evaluate the effect of two different communication strategies ("gains from quitting" vs. "losses from continuing smoking") in en
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couraging calls to a quitline. The authors conducted an intervention study in two subway stations for 4 weeks, considering only 1 strategy per station. Large posters containing non-age-specific images and texts, on the basis of the theme "shortness of breath," were displayed on central dividing columns on the boarding platforms. Call rates from the selected stations, and respective rate ratios, overall and per study week, were calculated. Passengers who were smokers, exposed to the positive-content message, called on average 1.7 times more often than did those exposed to the negative-content message (p = .01). Moreover, call rate ratios did not decline over the 4 weeks of the study (p = .40). The effectiveness findings suggest that antismoking campaigns could use positive-content messages in order to recruit a larger smoker population. The proposed methodology can also be used to evaluate effectiveness of messages for "capturing" individuals with other health problems (e.g., alcohol abuse), thereby increasing its potential impact." (Abstract)
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"Behavior Change Communication (BCC) interventions have become an integral part of many HIV prevention programs. Monitoring and evaluation is expected to be included in the design of any BCC interventions from the beginning on. However, the know-how on how to demonstrate results and impacts of such
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interventions in a methodologically sound way often lags behind. This document aims at enhancing program officials' understanding of the importance of evaluations as well as the most important steps to take and decisions to make in the course of an evaluation, and at enabling them to oversee the work done by the evaluators.
It is divided into three parts. The first part presents the main general aspects that need to be taken into consideration when monitoring and evaluating BCC interventions with a focus on HIV-related BCC approaches. More specifically, a general framework for monitoring and evaluation is presented, including among others information on the use of appropriate indicators, the development of an evaluation plan, different types of evaluation, study designs of summative evaluations, statistical analysis and dissemination of the evaluation results. Based on this theoretical background presented in part one, the second part draws conclusions, presents recommendations and gives practical advice on monitoring and evaluating HIV BCC programs. Three types of HIV BCC interventions, relevant to the work of German Development Cooperation (GDC), are also here discussed; these are the tool Join-in-Circuit, peer education programs and mass media campaigns. The third part presents four country examples of M&E of HIV BCC interventions implemented by GDC programs. These were discussed during a short-course on evaluation of BBC interventions offered by GIZ from 9]10 March, 2012 in Johannesburg, South Africa." (Executive summary)
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"This guide highlights the importance of trust and credibility for public health organisations in order to communicate effectively on immunisation. The document aims at supporting Member States in planning and implementing communication initiatives on vaccination, by presenting an overview of the ma
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in issues that public health institutions need to consider in relation to building and maintaining trust." (Executive summary)
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"Significant progress has been made in regional agreements, providing a suitable frame of reference for a social approach to the care model. Although adjustments are required to harmonize domestic norms with international referents, much remains to be done for educational norms in the regions to ado
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pt provisions promoting educational inclusion according to the commitments acquired by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Human rights are evolving positively under constitutional frameworks and in laws on education and disability. In Central America and some countries of the Caribbean, general education laws take persons with disabilities into account through special education (with the exception of Panama). The same trend can be observed in national Constitutions. This improves in national laws on disability, which are more specific and favor inclusive education or include both modalities. In all three regions, there is no regulatory framework or specific policies on digital inclusion, much less on the use of ICTs for persons with disabilities. There are some isolated attempts to implement ICTs in all sectors of society. Issues of accessibility, the right to education and the use of technologies by persons with disabilities are not well integrated." (Conclusions from the study, page 68-69)
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"The Handbook of Global Health Communication offers a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the role of communication processes in global public health, development and social change. It brings together 32 contributions from well-respected scholars and practitioners in the field, addressing a wid
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e range of communication approaches in current global health programs; offers an integrated view that links communication to the strengthening of health services, the involvement of affected communities in shaping health policies and improving care, and the empowerment of citizens in making decisions about health; ddopts a broad understanding of communication that goes beyond conventional divisions between informational and participatory approaches." (Publisher description)
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"Significant progress has been made in regional agreements, providing a suitable frame of reference for a social approach to the care model. Although adjustments are required to harmonize domestic norms with international referents, much remains to be done for educational norms in the regions to ado
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pt provisions promoting educational inclusion according to the commitments acquired by ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Human rights are evolving positively under constitutional frameworks and in laws on education and disability. In Central America and some countries of the Caribbean, general education laws take persons with disabilities into account through special education (with the exception of Panama). The same trend can be observed in national Constitutions. This improves in national laws on disability, which are more specific and favor inclusive education or include both modalities. In all three regions, there is no regulatory framework or specific policies on digital inclusion, much less on the use of ICTs for persons with disabilities. There are some isolated attempts to implement ICTs in all sectors of society. Issues of accessibility, the right to education and the use of technologies by persons with disabilities are not well integrated." (Conclusions from the study, página 68-69)
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"This book traces some of the key research conducted over a ten-year period by honours, MA and PhD students who have attended the CCMS Entertainment Education / communication for participatory development course from its inception in 2002, until 2011. There has been a marked shift in the paradigm gu
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iding this post-graduate course, which is explored in the introductory chapter. Innovative methodologies and indigenised theories are brought to bear through each research project, which include conceptually integrated, paradigm-specific graduate work. It keeps abreast of current debates, contributes to international conferences and peer-reviewed publications and assists CCMS in retaining a comparative world benchmark. Much of the work included in this collection reflects the Freireian derived experientialist pedagogy of CCMS, where students take responsibility for developing their own research directions within specific research programmes. There is a strong emphasis in this collected work on media, social justice, and human rights issues, especially relating to historically disadvantaged communities. The book includes two primary research foci: development communication and public health communication. Development communication invokes new ways of harnessing media and localised cultural frames in promoting development strategies, health promotion, private-public partnerships and community development. Public health communication in the context of this work involves applying the emergent field of Education Entertainment via a framework of communication for social and behavioural change. In order to provide a wide range of examples of research approaches and topics, we have included edited, shortened versions of 35 research papers." (Pages xix-xx)
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"Advocacy, communication, and social mobilization (ACSM) refers to a set of interventions that supports tuberculosis (TB) control goals and objectives at international, national, and local levels. These include advocating for sufficient resources, promoting healthy behaviors and attitudes, and engag
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ing affected communities in the fight against TB. ACSM activities also can battle stigma, correct misconceptions about TB, and identify new funding mechanisms to support TB control—all of which are essential to sustaining and increasing the gains that we have made in TB control over the past several decades. This curriculum is designed for training TB control professionals and civil society activists at national and local levels who are involved in ACSM efforts. It is designed to provide countrylevel staff with the specific knowledge and skills to plan, implement, and evaluate effective ACSM interventions linked to specific TB control objectives. The curriculum structure and methodologies proposed by PATH were approved by the Stop TB Partnership ACSM Country Level Core Group members for global use. The original version of the curriculum was significantly refined and modified in response to partners’ comments and to meet participants’ needs." (Introduction, page 2)
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"Applying research into assessments of community theatre, epidemiology, and young people's shared and private stories using a wide range of methodologies, this book explores the potential efficacy of community theatre to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania with reference to several other comp
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arable sites in Africa." (Publisher description)
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"Acting on HIV offers a sustained and relatively systematic inquiry into drama as an approach to discussion of HIV/AIDS and related attitudes and behaviors. A distinctive feature of the research that is presented in Acting on HIV is the emphasis on the potential for and value of using drama to promo
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te vital social change in addition to individual behaviour change. It has a strong theoretical foundation and seeks to interrogate the ethical, theoretical and practical complexities of using drama to address issues HIV & AIDS. The research that is communicated through the book is original and timely and will make a significant, trans-disciplinary contribution to scholarly conversations about the role/s and significance of drama in addressing issues of HIV & AIDS." (Publisher description)
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"Working on Health Communication provides a practical guide to the process of designing, implementing and evaluating campaigns. The book follows the campaign design process step-by-step. It covers every stage from selecting theoretical models and identifying the message and target audience, right th
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rough to running the campaign and evaluating its success. "Real-life examples" of actual campaigns are used throughout to show how theoretical ideas work in practice." (Back cover)
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"Se rangeant parmi les cinq plus grands donateurs d’aide publique au développement (APD), l'Allemagne est fortement engagée dans la lutte pour un accès universel à la prévention, au traitement et à la prise en charge du VIH. Une bonne partie des contributions allemandes est accordée sous fo
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rme de soutien financier et technique à la communication pour le changement de comportement (CCC), souvent associée au marketing social de préservatifs. Cette publication étudie en détail plusieurs projets dans le cadre desquels l'Allemagne a apporté un soutien à la production et à la diffusion de séries télévisées comme composantes clés de la CCC dans trois pays confrontés à des situations épidémiologiques très différentes. Au Kirghizistan, l'épidémie est largement concentrée parmi les consommateurs de drogues injectables (CDI), pour la plupart des hommes jeunes, mais touche aussi des professionnelles du sexe. L'épidémie s’étend rapidement, et l’on craint qu'elle ne se propage davantage dans la population en général. Diffusée pour la première fois en 2006, la série « Love as a Test » avait pour but de sensibiliser les spectateurs au fait que le VIH ne concerne pas uniquement « les autres », mais peut facilement toucher chaque individu ainsi que ses proches, et qu’il est possible d’agir pour éviter sa propagation et en limiter les dommages. En République dominicaine, les taux de prévalence du VIH sont extrêmement élevés chez les Haïtiens de souche vivant dans les bateyes (campements attenant aux plantations de canne à sucre), dans les zones rurales et dans les bidonvilles. Diffusée pour la première fois en 2007, « Amor de Batey » avait pour but de promouvoir l'utilisation régulière et correcte de préservatifs peu coûteux mais fiables, de renforcer l’autonomie des femmes, d'améliorer leur santé et de limiter la mortalité infantile. En Côte d'Ivoire, les taux de prévalence du VIH sont élevés dans l’ensemble du pays, mais beaucoup plus importants chez les femmes que chez les hommes. Cela est notamment dû à la pratique courante des relations sexuelles multiples et concomitantes et aux faibles niveaux d'éducation et de connaissances en matière de santé sexuelle et reproductive. Diffusée pour la première fois en 1994, « Sida dans la Cité » avait des objectifs similaires à ceux de « Amor de Batey ». La première série a rencontré un tel succès qu'elle a été suivie d'une deuxième diffusée en 1996-1997, puis d'une troisième diffusée en 2003. Les trois séries ont connu une grande popularité dans tous les pays francophones d'Afrique de l’Ouest et d'Afrique centrale. Cette publication retrace la genèse de chacune de ces séries, en présente un bref synopsis, résume les résultats des évaluations formelles qui en ont été faites et fournit des appréciations plus informelles. Elle tire ensuite des conclusions et constate que les séries télévisées peuvent apporter des contributions très utiles à la lutte contre le VIH au niveau national. Les séries qui remportent le plus de succès sont basées sur de solides recherches, reflètent les réalités de la vie telles qu’elles sont vécues par les publics cibles et sont réalisées de manière très professionnelle, leur assurant à la fois un haut niveau de divertissement et une grande efficacité comme outil éducatif." (Résumé, page 5)
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"This paper describes the experiences of the African Population and Health Research Center and its partners in cultivating the interest and building the capacity of the media in evidence-based reporting of reproductive health issues in sub-Saharan Africa [...] The African Population and Health Resea
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rch Center’s media strategy evolved over the years, moving beyond conventional ways of communicating research through the media via news releases and newspaper stories, to varying approaches that sought to inspire and build the capacity of journalists to do evidence-based reporting of reproductive health issues. Specifically, the approach included 1) enhancing journalists’ interest in and motivation for reporting on reproductive health issues through training and competitive grants for outstanding reporting; 2) building the capacity of journalists to report reproductive health research and the capacity of reproductive health researchers to communicate their research to media through training for both parties and providing technical assistance to journalists in obtaining and interpreting evidence; and 3) establishing and maintaining trust and mutual relationships between journalists and researchers through regular informal meetings between journalists and researchers, organizing field visits for journalists, and building formal partnerships with professional media associations and individual journalists." (Abstract)
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"Der Band dient der Systematisierung des Forschungsfeldes medialer Gesundheitskommunikation. Neben der Definition und Diskussion von Grundbegriffen werden Darstellungsformen und Nutzung gesundheitsbezogener Medieninhalte beschrieben und Ansätze der Medienwirkungsforschung mit Modellen zur Erklärun
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g individuellen Gesundheitsverhaltens verknüpft. Den Abschluss bilden Strategien der Gesundheitsförderung." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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