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Media Landscapes, Media Systems, Media Situation in General
45
Media Law & Regulation
42
Media Freedom, Press Freedom
36
Journalism Education & Training
20
Media Management
18
Associations & Networks of Journalists
17
Journalistic Quality
17
Disinformation, Misinformation, Fake News
14
Media Assistance
12
Trust in the Media, Credibility of Media
11
Media & Communication Policies
11
Media Ownership
10
Democracy / Democratization and Media
9
Television
9
War Reporting
8
Public Service Broadcasting
8
Advertising Markets & Industries
7
Audiences & Users
7
Media Use, Media Consumption
7
Internet
7
Working Conditions of Journalists & Media Personnel
7
Media Capture, Vested Political & Other Interests in the Media
7
Radio
7
Conflict Reporting, Armed Conflict Reporting
6
Foreign Disinformation, Foreign Information Manipulation Operations, Foreign Propaganda
6
Media Markets
6
Media Outlets, Media Associations
6
Transitional Justice Reporting
5
Media Viability & Financial Sustainability
5
Female Journalists & Media Workers
5
News Agencies
5
Media Assistance: Country Strategies & Experiences
5
Media Assistance: Public Service Broadcasting
5
Diversity & Pluralism in Media / Communication
5
Post-Socialist Media Systems & Landscapes
5
Political Transition and Media
5
Audience Feedback, Interaction & Participation
4
Digital & Social Media Use, Internet Use
4
Independent & Oppositional Media in Authoritarian Regimes
4
Press Freedom & Communication Rights Violations
4
Conflict-Sensitive & Peace Journalism
4
Hate Speech, Hate Speech in Social Media
4
Media Assistance Projects & Programs: Case Studies
4
Digital Journalism, Online Journalism
4
ICT Industries & Markets
4
ICT Regulation
4
Economics of Media
4
Gender Representation & Stereotypes in the Media
4
International Communication
4
Transnational Broadcasting, International Broadcasting
4
Journalism
4
Journalists: Professional Identity & Values
4
Press Landscapes
4
Radio Landscapes
4
Television Landscapes
4
Propaganda
4
Magazines
4
Newspapers
4
Telecommunication Infrastructure
4
Television Channels
4
Access to Internet & Digital Communications
3
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Media
3
Media Advocacy, Media Activism
3
Censorship
3
Indirect Censorship, Soft Censorship
3
Harassment & Intimidation of Journalists
3
Government / State Advertising: Allocation Policies & Regulation
3
Alternative Communication & Media
3
Civil Wars
3
Russia-Ukraine War <2014-
3
Extremist & Terrorist Communication Strategies and Media
3
War Propaganda, Propaganda in Conflicts
3
Ethnic / Minority Online Communities & Websites
3
Ethnic Media, Minority Media
3
Media Industries
3
Ethics in Media & Communication
3
Defamation Law & Regulation
3
Journalism Ethics
3
Self-Regulation of Media
3
Gender-Based Harassment, Intimidation & Violence: Media Representation & Reporting
3
COVID-19 Communication
3
Foreign Countries: Reporting & Media Representation
3
Safety of Journalists, Safety Risks of Media Workers
3
Media Assistance: Financial Sustainability & Management
3
Media Assistance: Regional Approaches & Experiences
3
Public Funding & Support Policies for Media
3
Internet Governance, Internet Policies
3
Public Service Broadcasting: Regulation & Governance
3
Financing Media, Financial Media Management
3
Politics and Media
3
National Identity & Media, Nationalism & Communication
3
Press
3
Public Media, State Media
3
B92 (Radio Station, Belgrade)
3
Digital Television
3
Television Programmes & Genres
3
Access to Public Information, Freedom of Information, Right to Information
2
Access to Information Laws, Right to Information Regulation
2
Advertising
2
Digital Activism, Cyber Advocacy
2
Media Use: Public Service & State Media
2
Mobile Phone Use
2
Textbooks, Textbook Development, Publishing & Research
2
Documentaries, Television Documentaries, Web Documentaries
2
Cybersecurity, Digital Safety, Privacy, Right to Privacy
2
Freedom of Expression
2
State Influence on the Media
2
Community Radios
2
War Crimes
2
Conflicts and Media
2
Conflict Prevention, Mediation & Reconciliation: Role of Media
2
Media Assistance in Conflict Regions & Fragile Countries
2
Collective Memory: Violent Conflicts & Wars
2
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
2
Digital Media Landscapes
2
Digital Platforms & Intermediaries
2
Electronic Commerce
2
Digital Media Markets
2
Online Services
2
Social Media
2
Artificial Intelligence
2
Economic Development: Role of ICTs & Media
2
ICT Development Assistance
2
ICT Indicators
2
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Foreign Media Investments, Foreign Media Ownership
2
Labour, Labour Markets, Labour Laws, Working Conditions
2
Accountability & Transparency of the Media
2
Gender and Media, Gender and Communication
2
Influence of Media on Foreign & International Policies
2
Satellite Television
2
Investigative Journalism
2
Media Assistance: Investigative Journalism
2
Media Assistance: Journalism Education & Training
2
Journalists Dealing with Risks & Threats, Resilience & Wellbeing of Media Workers
2
Journalists: Trust in Public Institutions
2
Labour Market for Journalists
2
Television News
2
Court Reporting & Media Representation of Judicial System
2
Election Reporting
2
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking: Reporting & Media Representation
2
Political Reporting
2
Sexual Abuse Reporting, Sexual Violence Reporting
2
Television Journalism
2
Bilingualism, Multilingualism
2
Minority Languages
2
USA: Media Assistance
2
COVID-19 Pandemic: Effects on Journalism, Media & Communication
2
Broadcasting Companies
2
Political Resistance
2
Democracy
2
Public & State Television
2
Radio Stations
2
Satellite Radios
2
Civil Society
2
Radio Broadcasting Equipment & Technologies
2
Television Transmitters
2
Regional Television
2
RT (Russian International Broadcaster, formerly Russia Today)
2
Digital Divide, Digital Inequalities
1
Government Advertising, State Advertising
1
Radio Advertising
1
Advocacy & Empowerment: Disadvantaged & Vulnerable Groups
1
Advocacy & Political Films
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen Participation, Civil Society & Digital Communication
1
Gender Advocacy & Empowerment, Gender Mainstreaming
1
Social Movements: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Audience Research in Media Assistance
1
Film Audiences, Film Consumption
1
Information Needs
1
Media Use: Entertainment
1
Media Use: Migrants & Diasporas
1
Media Use: Youth
1
Television Consumption, Televison Use, Television Audiences
1
Clandestine Radios
1
Samizdat
1
Campaigning: Effects & Effctiveness
1
Catholic Press
1
Child Abuse: Digital Media
1
Child Abuse Reporting
1
Child Protection Online
1
Children: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Sesame Street (Children's Television Programme)
1
Christian Press: Evangelical / Protestant & Others
1
Orthodox Churches and Communication
1
Film Distribution
1
War & Political Violence in Cinema
1
National Cinemas, National Film Production
1
Digital Media Censorship, Control & Filtering, Internet & Social Media Censorship
1
Digital Rights
1
Editorial Independence
1
Freedom of Expression Online, Internet Freedom
1
Media / Communication Control
1
Violence Against Journalists & Media Personnel
1
Self-Censorship
1
Surveillance, Surveillance Technologies, Spyware
1
Crisis Communication
1
Government Communication Strategies
1
Foreign Government Communication Interventions
1
Public Diplomacy, Cultural Diplomacy
1
Military: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
NGOs & Civil Society Organizations: Communication Strategies & Practices
1
Public Relations
1
Street Papers
1
Community Participation in Community Media
1
International Conflicts
1
Iraq War (2003)
1
Conflict Areas: Media Systems, Media Landscapes, Role of Media
1
Conflict-Sensitive Radio Journalism, Radio in Conflict Prevention & Transformation
1
Conflicts & Wars: Roles of Digital Technologies & Conflict Narratives in Social Media
1
Dealing With the Past
1
Hate Speech Legislation & Regulation
1
Religious Communication in Conflicts & Peacebuilding
1
Trauma: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Computational Content Analysis
1
Collective Memory & Media, Media Representation of History
1
Creative & Cultural Industries
1
Cultural Diversity
1
Religion and Culture
1
USAID - Office of Transition Initiatives (OTI)
1
Nonprofit Organizations, NGOs
1
Open Society Foundations (NGO network)
1
Development Communication Projects: Case Studies
1
Millenium Development Goals (MDG)
1
Good Governance
1
Development Communication, Communication for Development (C4D)
1
Communication for Social Change
1
Digital Communication, Digital Media
1
Big Digital Platforms, Big Tech Companies
1
Data Governance, Data Justice, Data Sovereignty
1
Digital Businesses
1
Digital Entrepreneurs, Tech Entrepreneurs
1
Digital Inclusion
1
Digital Media Research, Digital Communication Research
1
Digital Platform & Intermediaries Regulation
1
E-Governance, E-Democracy
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Digital Communication
1
Internet / Social Media Law & Regulation
1
Political Blogging
1
Political Websites & Online Communities
1
Social Media in Political Communication
1
Internet Markets
1
Podcasts
1
Online News
1
Blogging, Blogs
1
Content Moderation & Regulation: Social Media
1
Facebook
1
TikTok
1
News Websites & Portals
1
Digital Economies, Digital Societies
1
Digitalization, Digital Transformation
1
Ecological Footprint & Sustainability of Digitalization, E-Waste & Recycling
1
Mobile Phone Markets
1
Disadvantaged Groups & Communication, Minorities & Media
1
Diaspora Media
1
Ethnic Press, Minority Press
1
Ethnic Radios, Minority Radios
1
Ethnic Television, Minority Television
1
Homeless People
1
LGBT & Communication / Media
1
Minorities
1
Minorities & Disadvantaged Groups: Media Policies & Regulations
1
Minority Rights
1
Romani People
1
Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communication
1
Trust Building in Health & Emergency Communication
1
Countering Hate Speech, Disinformation & Propaganda
1
Disinformation & Misinformation Law & Regulation
1
Health Disinformation & Misinformation
1
Identifying & Researching Disinformation
1
Digital Economies & Markets
1
Economic Contribution of the Media Industries to GDP
1
Media Concentration
1
Press Markets
1
Radio Markets
1
Television Markets
1
Video Markets
1
Political Economy of Media
1
Video on Demand
1
Economy
1
Journalism / Communication Training Centers
1
Humour, Parody, Satire
1
Defamation of Religion (Blasphemy)
1
Bribery & Corruption in Journalism
1
Objectivity & Veracity of Reporting
1
Bias in News Media
1
Sensationalist Journalism, Yellow Press
1
Feminism & Communication
1
Gender-Based Online Harassment & Sexual Threats
1
Gender-Sensitive Journalism
1
Good Practice Examples
1
First World War (1914-1918)
1
History of War Reporting
1
Ethnicity in Communication
1
Indigenous Languages
1
China: Transnational Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
Foreign News, International News
1
Globalisation: Impact on (Local) Media & Communication
1
Russia: Foreign Information Operations, International Broadcasting, Public Diplomacy
1
International Radio Broadcasting, Foreign Radio Broadcasting
1
Transnational Media Corporations, International Media Companies
1
Foreign Policies
1
International Organizations
1
European Union (EU)
1
OSCE
1
UNESCO
1
Awards & Prizes: Journalism Awards
1
Journalism Concepts & Cultures
1
Journalistic Practices & Routines
1
Journalists
1
Local News
1
Print Journalism
1
Business & Economics Journalism
1
Foreign Cultures & Peoples: Media Representation & Reporting
1
Linguistic Diversity
1
Linguistic Diversity: Internet & Digital Media
1
Local Television
1
Media Assistance Donors: Corporate Donors
1
Media Assistance Donors: Foundations & Private Donors
1
Media Assistance: Impacts, Effectiveness, Efficiency
1
Deutsche Welle DW Akademie
1
Media Development Investment Fund (MDIF)
1
Media Assistance: Journalists' Associations, Media Associations
1
Media Assistance: Media & Information Literacy
1
Media Development Indicators
1
Presentation of Information
1
Media, Mass Media
1
Transition Countries: Media Systems & Media Landscapes
1
Economic / Social / Cultural Rights
1
Forced Labour & Human Trafficking
1
Human Rights
1
Licensing of Media
1
Media Regulation Practices
1
Regulatory Bodies
1
Television Law & Regulation
1
Transitional Justice
1
Financing Media: Customer Payments, Subscription Models, User-Based Financing
1
Financing Public Service Media
1
Media Companies, Media Corporations, Media Enterprises
1
Quality Criteria, Quality Standards
1
Conflict & War Photography
1
Civic Engagement, Citizen & Community Participation
1
Clientelism
1
Governance
1
Polarization, Political Polarization
1
Political Doctrines
1
Socialism
1
Democratization
1
Fragile / Post-Conflict States
1
Political Transition
1
Personal Safety
1
Shrinking Spaces for Civil Society & Political Actors
1
Election Campaigns: Social Media
1
Framing
1
Governance & Accountability: Role of Media / Communication
1
Influence of Media on Politics
1
Political Role & Influence of Radio, Radio & Democratization
1
Public & State Radios
1
Helplines, Hotlines
1
Islamic Cultures: Role of Media
1
Jewish Media
1
Discrimination
1
Domestic Violence
1
Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Minorities
1
Rohingya
1
Digital Switchover
1
Informatics
1
Robots, Robotics
1
Technologies: Impact Assessment
1
Telecommunications
1
Al-Jazeera
1
Television Networks
1
Visual Communication
1
Youth and Media
1
Youth Media
1
Language
Document type
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type

Independent Media Depend on You: Research Report

USAID;IREX;Agency Communis (2020), 19 pp.
"The research on audience behavior and the effects of Free Media Advocacy Campaign was conducted on a sample of 1,000 respondents, 25 to 55 years of age, and focused on the citizens’ viewpoint towards paying for media content (with the possibility of comparison to 2019 research) and evaluation of ... more

A Lockdown for Independent Media? Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Media Landscape and Press Freedom in Central and Southeast Europe

Budapest: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES);N-ost Netzwerk für Osteuropa-Berichterstattung (2020), 37 pp.
"Correspondents in nine countries – Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, and North Macedonia – have analysed how the pandemic has affected to their work environment. Lockdowns have caused print media sales and advertising revenue to collapse. Media w ... more
"This books critically explores media framing of human trafficking for sexual exploitation in UK, Dutch and Serbian media. It draws upon data from content analysis of online news reports and interviews with journalists and anti-trafficking professionals in order to further explore the framing of tra ... more

Road to 2030: Access to Information in the Driver’s Seat

Deutsche Welle DW Akademie;Free Press Unlimited;Global Forum for Media Development (GFMD) (2019), 68 pp.
"Spotlight report on the state of public access to information in Canada, Indonesia, Mongolia, Pakistan, Serbia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Tunisia, and Ukraine prepared for the 2019 cycle of the Voluntary National Reviews and the 2019 UN High Level Political Forum." (Subtitle)
"The 2019 Europe and Eurasia Media Sustainability Index (MSI) saw another improvement in the combined average score for the 21 countries studied: In 2018, the combined average score was 1.84, and in 2019 this increased to 1.86. In comparison with the previous year’s study, there were modest gains ... more
"The visual presentation of the Serb accused in TV news was based on iconic images of the accused combined with symbolic images of the state and its power, with nearly complete absence of visuals of atrocities and victims. In contrast, the visual presentation of the Croatian, Bosniak and Albanian de ... more
"The Operational Handbook for Contact Centres for online safety of children contains action guidelines as well as knowledge, procedures and rules for successful work through the helpline for providing quality assistance and support to children, youth, families, professionals, teachers and others wor ... more
"Während des kriegerischen Zerfalls von Jugoslawien und der Bildung neuer Nationalstaaten entstand in der Region ein reges Dokumentarfilmschaffen, das sich den dominanten Rhetoriken der Politik entgegenstellte. Anhand dieses Filmkorpus untersucht die Studie die Bedingungen der Filmproduktion und -r ... more
"In the western Balkans, where post-war societies are still trying to rebuild their lives, and tensions lie just below the surface, media messages influenced by the politics of the day are destabilizing. For some, this is poorly disguised propaganda, a kind of political “spin”, “spun” by man ... more
"This study was specfically intended to: 1. provide comprehensive insight into the public’s media consumption patterns, and its underlying causes: a) values; b) needs and interests, particularly regarding media content; c) motivation and aspirations, with specific emphasis on buying media content; ... more

Global Information Society Watch 2019. Artificial Intelligence: Human Rights, Social Justice and Development

Association for Progressive Communications (APC);Article 19;Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) (2019), 87 pp.
"Artificial intelligence (AI) is now receiving unprecedented global attention as it finds widespread practical application in multiple spheres of activity. But what are the human rights, social justice and development implications of AI when used in areas such as health, education and social service ... more

A Pillar of Democracy on Shaky Ground: Public Service Media in South East Europe

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS);Media Programme South East Europe (2019), vi, 236 pp.
"This book gives an overview of public service media in South East Europe; referring to the ten countries, which the Media Programme of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung covers. From Croatia to North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the Republic of Moldova, liberalised media markets have emerged following the c ... more

Trust in the Media

Ipsos (2019), 48 pp.
"People across 27 countries are divided on whether they trust traditional media (magazines and newspapers, TV and radio). These sources are equally trusted as they are distrusted. However, levels of trust in media sources vary greatly at the country level. Trust in traditional media is perceived to ... more
"This book investigates the role of media and communication in processes of democratization in different political and cultural contexts. Struggles for democratic change are periods of intense contest over the transformation of citizenship and the reconfiguration of political power. These democratiz ... more
"Media companies in Serbia are not sufficiently aware of the importance of personal data protection, nor are there developed procedures regarding the fulfilment of standards in line with new rules for personal data protection. Taking into account media business models in a digital environment, which ... more

Online Supplement to Working Paper 2018.1. Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation

Oxford: University of Oxford, Oxford Internet Institute;Computational Propaganda Research Project (2018), 81 pp.
"These are the background case notes complied for MEMO 2018.1: Challenging Truth and Trust: A Global Inventory of Organized Social Media Manipulation. For details on the methods behind this content analysis please see the methodology section of the report. This document contains data from over 500 s ... more

The Feasibility of a Public Service Orientation in the Western Balkans: Complications for a ‘networked Society’ in an Illiberal Context

In: Public Service Media in the Networked Society
Gregory Ferrell Lowe; Hilde van den Bulck; Karen Donders (eds.)
Göteborg: Nordicom (2018), pp. 125-141
"This chapter analyses contextual factors that are common to the seven countries of this region that affect developing a genuine public service orientation in media policies and performance. By better understanding historical legacies, inadequate technological development and late entry into digital ... more

Understanding Russian Communication Strategy: Case Studies of Serbia and Estonia

Stuttgart: Institut für Auslandsbeziehungen (ifa) (2018), 60 pp.
"As a part of Russian soft (or coercive) power disinformation and propaganda have become key elements in an updated Russian security policy since 2012/13. For Russian leadership disinformation and propaganda have become key instruments to impact domestic debates in EU member states and in the neighb ... more
"This open access edited collection examines representations of human trafficking in media ranging from British and Serbian newspapers, British and Scandinavian crime novels, and a documentary series, and questions the extent to which these portrayals reflect the realities of trafficking. It tackles ... more