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Freedom on the Net 2022: Countering an Authoritarian Overhaul of the Internet

Washington, DC: Freedom House (2022), 46 pp.

"1. Global internet freedom declined for the 12th consecutive year. The sharpest downgrades were documented in Russia, Myanmar, Sudan, and Libya. Following the Russian military’s illegal and unprovoked invasion of Ukraine, the Kremlin dramatically intensified its ongoing efforts to suppress domest ... ic dissent and accelerated the closure or exile of the country’s remaining independent media outlets. In at least 53 countries, users faced legal repercussions for expressing themselves online, often leading to draconian prison terms. 2 Governments are breaking apart the global internet to create more controllable online spaces. A record number of national governments blocked websites with nonviolent political, social, or religious content, undermining the rights to free expression and access to information. A majority of these blocks targeted sources located outside of the country. New national laws posed an additional threat to the free flow of information by centralizing technical infrastructure and applying flawed regulations to social media platforms and user data. 3. China was the world’s worst environment for internet freedom for the eighth consecutive year. Censorship intensified during the 2022 Beijing Olympics and after tennis star Peng Shuai accused a high-ranking Chinese Communist Party (CCP) official of sexual assault. The government continued to tighten its control over the country’s booming technology sector, including through new rules that require platforms to use their algorithmic systems to promote CCP ideology. 4. A record 26 countries experienced internet freedom improvements. Despite the overall global decline, civil society organizations in many countries have driven collaborative efforts to improve legislation, develop media resilience, and ensure accountability among technology companies. Successful collective actions against internet shutdowns offered a model for further progress on other problems like commercial spyware. 5. Internet freedom in the United States improved marginally for the first time in six years. There were fewer reported cases of targeted surveillance and online harassment during protests compared with the previous year, and the country now ranks ninth globally, tied with Australia and France. The United States still lacks a comprehensive federal privacy law, and policymakers made little progress on the passage of other legislation related to internet freedom. Ahead of the November 2022 midterm elections, the online environment was riddled with political disinformation, conspiracy theories, and online harassment aimed at election workers and officials. 6. Human rights hang in the balance amid a competition to control the web. Authoritarian states are vying to propagate their model of digital control around the world. In response, a coalition of democratic governments has increased the promotion of online human rights at multilateral forums, outlining a positive vision for the internet. However, their progress remains hampered by problematic internet freedom practices in their own countries." (Key findings) more

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Media Environment in Belarus

Jakub Przetacznik, Linda Tothova

European Parliamentary Research Service (2022), 10 pp.

"The media situation in Belarus has never been easy. With Aliaksandr Lukashenka being elected president of the country for the first time in 1994, the necessary reforms to provide media freedom have never materialised. Instead, over the years various laws have lessened the rights of independent jour ... more

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DW Klimaschutzstrategie: Bilanz. Reduktionsziel. Maßnahmen

Thilo Pommerening (red.)

Bonn: Deutsche Welle (2022), 19 pp.

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Collective Memory: Visual Perspectives from Cameroon, Germany, Ghana, Kenya & South Africa

Ebenezar Acquah, Paul-Henri Souvenir Assako Assako, Patrique deGraft-Yankson, Mary Clare Kidenda, Nicola Pauli, Avi Sooful (eds.)

München: kopaed;Exploring Visual Cultures project (2022), 160 pp.

"The exhibition focuses on how young people envision their identities in their respective countries: what mental images do they collectively have about their life experiences. Thus, this project seeks to present collective memories from different parts of the world in an exhibition that will promote ... more

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Disinformation studies: Perspectives from an emerging field

João Carlos Correia, Pedro Jerónimo, Inês Amaral (eds.)

Covilhã: Universidade da Beira Interior;LabCom (2022), 299 pp.

"It all started at the ECREA 2021 Post Conference “Disinformation Studies: Perspectives to An Emerging Research Field”, which took place online, on September 10, 2021. The debate there quickly widened and was joined by other colleagues. The book that we bring you here is the result of part of th ... more

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Practicing critical media literacy education with/for young migrants: Lessons learned from a participatory action research project

Hemmo Bruinenberg, Sanne Sprenger, Sanne Omerovic, Koen Leurs

International Communication Gazette, volume 83, issue 1 (2021), pp. 26-47

"To what extent can critical media literacy education acknowledge and strengthen young migrants’ resilience? In this article, we evaluate the Netherlands-based participatory action research project Critical media literacy through making media. Gathered empirical data include participant observatio ... more

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Global Perspectives on Amateur Film Histories and Cultures

Masha Salazkina, Enrique Fibla-Gutiérrez (eds.)

Bloomington: Indiana University Press (2021), ix, 336 pp.

"Through carefully curated essays, Salazkina and Fibla-Gutiérrez bring wider meaning and significance to the discipline through their study of alternative cinema in new territories, fueled by different historical and political circumstances, innovative technologies, and ambitious practitioners. The ... more

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Media in Croatia: From Freedom Fighters to Tabloid Avengers

Marijana Grbeša, Marija Volarevic

Publizistik, volume 66 (2021), pp. 621-636

"The article provides an overview of the Croatian media landscape and its transformation that has been driven by the processes of democratization, commercialization and digitalization. The main media-related concerns from 1990 to 2000 were freedom of the press, autonomy of journalism and censorship. ... more

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Media Freedom in the Western Balkans

Valeska Esch, Viktoria Palm (eds.)

Aspen Insitute Germany (2021), 45 pp.

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National Regulatory and Self-Regulatory Framework Against Hate Speech and Disinformation: Factsheet Serbia

Jelena Jovovic, Dubravka Valic Nedeljkovic

Ljubljana: South East European Network for Professionalization of Media (SEENPM) (2021), 26 pp.

"In the process of accession to the European Union, Serbia is harmonizing laws with the EU legislation. In this process, the majority of regulations related to the prevention of hate speech and the spread of disinformation generally meet standards or are in the process of being amended. This factshe ... more

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The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies

Daria Gritsenko, Mariëlle Wijermars, Michail Vjaceslavovic Kopotev (eds.)

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan (2021), xxiv, 612 pp.

"This open access handbook presents a multidisciplinary and multifaceted perspective on how the 'digital' is simultaneously changing Russia and the research methods scholars use to study Russia. It provides a critical update on how Russian society, politics, economy, and culture are reconfigured in ... more

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Religion, Medien und die Corona-Pandemie: Paradoxien einer Krise

Daria Pezzoli-Olgiati, Anna-Katharina Höpflinger (eds.)

Baden-Baden: Nomos (2021), 134 pp.

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Bloggen gegen Rassismus: Holen wir uns das Netz zurück!
Key Guidance

Said Rezek

Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (bpb) (2021), 203 pp.

"Fake News, Hate Speech und Rassismus im Netz: Soziale Medien bieten Menschen und Organisationen auch dafür eine Plattform. Wie kann man gegensteuern und selbst aktiv für Demokratie, Meinungsvielfalt und die Entgiftung des gesellschaftlichen Klimas eintreten? Said Rezek, Politikwissenschaftler und ... more

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The 10 Most Under-Reported Humanitarian Crises of 2020

Care International (2021), 25 pp.

"The analysis is based on online media coverage in five languages throughout the year. CARE sees a concerning trend of crises being neglected year after year. Six out of the ten crises are located on the African continent. The Central African Republic has appeared in the ranking for five consecutive ... more

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Public Television in Poland: Political Pressure and Public Service Media in a Post-communist Country

Agnieszka Weglinska

London; New York: Routledge (2021), vi, 132 pp.

"This book examines the professional activity of public television journalists in Poland operating in the still unstable system of a post-communist state, to demonstrate how the media can work in the public interest to strengthen democracy. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Telewizja Polska (TVP) ... more

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Media Economy in the Pandemic: A European Perspective

Roberta Carlini, Konrad Bleyer-Simon

San Domenico di Fiesole: European University Institute;Centre for Media Pluralism and Media Freedom (CMPF) (2021), 25 pp.

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24. Bericht der Bundesregierung zur Auswärtigen Kultur- und Bildungspolitik für das Jahr 2020

Deutscher Bundestag, 19. Wahlperiode (2021), 73 pp.

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Staatliche Medienförderung: Begriffsverständnis, theoretische Zugänge und Praxen in der DACH-Region

Paul Clemens Murschetz

In: Handbuch Medienökonomie

Jan Krone; Tassilo Pellegrini (eds.)

Wiesbaden: Springer VS (2021), 29 pp.

"Staatliche Medienförderung gilt als Instrument der Medienpolitik und bedeutet in der Regel die fortwährende finanzielle Unterstützung von Medieninhabern zur Produktion und dem Vertrieb von Medieninhalten und -projekten. Staatliche Medienförderung kann viele Formen annehmen, meint aber vorwiegen ... more

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Tweeting Out Surveys to Pro-Ukraine Influencers: Exploring the Potential for Enlisting Support in the Information Fight Against Russia

Todd C. Helmus, Krystyna Marcinek, Julia Nething, Danielle Schlang, Ryan Andrew Brown

RAND Corporation (2021), 23 pp.

"This study used Twitter advertisements to solicit survey participation from the most-influential members of pro-Ukraine and pro-Russia communities of Twitter users identified in an analysis of 25 million Russian language tweets emanating from Eastern Europe. Survey results suggest that pro-Ukraine ... more

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Evaluationsbericht 2021: Mit freien Informationen die Welt verändern

Bonn: Deutsche Welle (2021), 239 pp.

"Die vorliegende Evaluation gibt Aufschluss darüber, ob und wie die DW die Ziele aus der Aufgabenplanung 2018–2021 erreicht hat. Detailliert weist sie nach, welche Aktivitäten die DW als Unternehmen durchführte und welche Schwerpunkte sie in den inzwischen 32 Sprachangeboten setzte. Mithilfe um ... more

Bloggen gegen Rassismus: Holen wir uns das Netz zurück! Key Guidance

Bloggen gegen Rassismus: Holen wir uns das Netz zurück!
Key Guidance