"Theorising Media and Conflict is the result of a joint and interdisciplinary effort to set the theoretical and empirical agenda in theorising upon the complex relationship between media and conflict. By considering the theorisation work accomplished by the ‘Anthropology of Media’ series forerun
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ner Theorising Media and Practice (edited by Bräuchler and Postill), it takes the notion of media (as) practice to new terrain. It thus counters studies that display Western biases, normative assumptions and unsubstantiated claims about ‘media effects’ in conflict situations. Through ground-up theorising, careful contextualisation, comparative perspectives, ethnographic and other qualitative methods, it provides evidence for the co-constitutiveness of media and conflict, and contributes to the consolidation of media and conflict as a distinct area of scholarship. While the contributions to this book deal with different kinds of media and conflict situations in distinct world regions and examine various aspects of media use, they all engage with media and conflict dynamics from a participant’s perspective as well as from an analytical perspective. Such an approach allows for the theorisation of media and conflict beyond a particular type of media, conflict or region." (Preface, page ix-x)
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"Die vorliegende Masterarbeit versuchte in einem Experiment herauszufinden, wie das journalistische Storytelling in dokumentarischen Filmformaten eingesetzt wird. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass alle drei analysierten Filme sich einer alternativen Erzählkategorie zuordnen lassen und jeweils spe
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zifische filmische Mittel einsetzen, um dem Zuschauer das Gezeigte noch eindrücklicher zu schildern. Darüber hinaus stellen alle drei Beispiele ein Gegennarrativ zur aktuellen Medienberichterstattung über Migration und Flucht dar. Sie zeigen die Situationen von ausgewählten Geflüchteten und machen darauf aufmerksam, wie gefährlich und risikobehaftet eine Flucht ist. Sie berichten abseits des gegenwärtigen Narrativs und vermitteln dem Zuschauer dabei auf innovative Weise einen neuen Zugang und Einblick in diesen Themenbereich.
In einem nächsten Forschungsschritt wäre es angebracht, aus medienkulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zu schauen, ob sich ein solcher narrativer Wandel in den berichtenden Medien im Print- und Rundfunkjournalismus etabliert und ob sie die Flüchtenden auch in den Fokus ihrer Berichterstattung setzen. Generell eignet sich das Thema Migration und Flucht sehr gut für eine Diskursanalyse. Hier könnte der Wandel des Narrativs vor, während und nach der Zäsur 2015 erforscht werden." (Fazit und Ausblick, Seite 64)
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"What are to be considered as threats against journalism? Whereas the literature on safety of journalists mainly discusses threats as part of armed conflicts, this article studies how other kinds of conflicts such as economic strangulation and the viability threat represent threats against journalis
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ts’ work and safety. It argues that acts of intimidation directed against journalists represent an attack on democracy itself as they have the effect of limiting the freedom of expression. The aim of this study is to explore how journalists operate in such a conflict and under such uncertainty, as an implication of (political) pressure caused by the politics of Memoranda in Greece, Cyprus, and Spain. The comparative analysis focuses on possible changes in the processes of message construction and in the journalistic practices of the participants, exploring if, how, and to what extent these changes were imposed to journalists directly or indirectly." (Abstract)
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"Journalists are increasingly becoming the target of online abuse; the backlash over the death of TV presenter Caroline Flack and coverage of the Black Lives Matter protests are just two recent examples. Yorkshire Evening Post editor Laura Collins has highlighted how female journalists face the brun
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t of this abuse, describing social media as ‘a modern-day equivalent of the Wild West’. The fact that journalists are exposed to this kind of attack is becoming an increasing focus; but how are we – as educators – to prepare our journalism students for entering this world? What guidance should we be giving them – to respond or not to respond, to block or not to block? And at what point should they report their experience via more formal channels? The authors of this paper set out to identify strategies and tools for students to help protect themselves and remain resilient in the face of online abuse. Through qualitative interviews, we asked how practising journalists are coping with social media attacks, and what steps they and their employers are taking to protect and support them. The result is a set of guidelines offering practical and emotional advice from journalists to directly inform journalism educators and their students." (Abstract)
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"This article, through conducting a study of the sexual harassment (SH) of media workers, investigates the extent and types of SH experienced by the editorial staff of Norwegian newsrooms at the time the #MeToo campaign arrived in Norway, and what effects such experiences have on journalists’ prof
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essional lives. We are also interested in what Norwegian media houses are doing to address these challenges. The leading research question consists of three interrelated parts: To what extent are journalists exposed to SH? What coping strategies do they use? How can newsrooms be better prepared to fight SH, from the perspective of the safety of journalists? A mixed methods approach, which combines findings from a quantitative questionnaire with qualitative in-depth interviews, was used to answer these questions. The findings show that female, young, and temporary media workers are significantly more frequently targeted than others and that those who had experienced SH handled the situation using avoiding strategies to a significantly greater extent than those who had only been exposed to unwanted attention experiences. The findings feed into a discussion of what strategies media houses can use to be better prepared in the fight against SH." (Abstract)
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"Rechtsextremistisch, antisemitisch oder rassistisch motivierten Anschlägen fielen seit 2019 in Neuseeland, den USA, Norwegen und Deutschland 86 Menschen zu Opfer. Die Täter verbindet nicht nur ihr Hass, sondern ebenso ihre Radikalisierung im Internet. Sie alle fanden zuvor in einschlägigen Foren
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Gleichgesinnte und Ansporn, ideologische Substrate für ihr Weltbild, aber auch Anleitungen zur Herstellung von Waffen. Bei dem Anschlag auf die Synagoge in Halle hatte sich der Attentäter für eine Online-Übertragung der Tat ausgerüstet – sie öffentlich sichtbar zu machen gehört, so der Tenor des Buches, zum Kalkül eines speziellen, ausschließlich männlichen Tätertypus. Im realen Leben sei er (selbst)isoliert, aber virtuell und global bestens vernetzt. In Anlehnung an die Strategien, die Codes und Ziele einschlägiger Computerspiele inszeniere er den Terror und biete ihn einem gleichgesinnten internationalen Publikum dar. Das Weltbild dieser Täter sei antisemitisch, rassistisch und misogyn, zugleich vielfach von Selbstmitleid, gekränkter Männlichkeit und Selbsthass bestimmt – das Ventil, mit diesen Affekten fertig zu werden, finden sie in imaginierten oder auch realisierten Gewalttaten. Die Autorinnen und Autoren beleuchten Motive, Sozialisation und Selbstinszenierung der Täter und fragen, welche Verbindungen zwischen der virtuellen Radikalisierung und den realen Gewalttaten von Rechtsterroristen bestehen. Ein eigenes Kapitel befasst sich zudem mit der Rechtslage gegen Hass im Internet." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"One of the first books to examine the status of broadcasting on its one hundredth anniversary, Radio's Second Century investigates both vanguard and perennial topics relevant to radio's past, present, and future. As the radio industry enters its second century of existence, it continues to be a dom
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inant mass medium with almost total listenership saturation despite rapid technological advancements that provide alternatives for consumers. Lasting influences such as on-air personalities, audience behavior, fan relationships, and localism are analyzed as well as contemporary issues including social and digital media. Other essays examine the regulatory concerns that continue to exist for public radio, commercial radio, and community radio, and discuss the hindrances and challenges posed by government regulation with an emphasis on both American and international perspectives. Radio's impact on cultural hegemony through creative programming content in the areas of religion, ethnic inclusivity, and gender parity is also explored." (Publisher description)
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"Der Hip-Hop-Künstler, Moderator und Pädagoge David Mayonga alias Roger Rekless wuchs als Sohn eines kongolesischen Vaters und einer deutschen Mutter in einer Kleinstadt in Bayern auf. "I bin a Bayer, des is kloar...", so bringt er sein Zugehörigkeitsgefühl auf den Punkt. Und doch hat er im Lauf
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e der Jahre unterschiedlichste Erfahrungen damit gemacht, wie es ist, von der Mehrheitsgesellschaft als "anders" wahrgenommen zu werden, sowohl im ländlichen Bayern als auch in der scheinbar liberalen Großstadt. Mayonga beschreibt den Alltagsrassismus, mit dem er sich bis heute immer wieder konfrontiert sieht, spannt dabei aber auch den Bogen zu Rassismus als gesamtgesellschaftlichem Problem und seiner analytischen Einordnung. Dabei erörtert er unter anderem Mythen über angeblich kriminelle Zuwanderer, Racial Profiling, Rassismus in den Medien oder die Diskussionen über das "N-Wort" in der Hip-Hop-Szene." (Verlagsinformation)
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"This book presents the main findings of an empirical exploration of media discourses on social representations of "otherness" in seven European countries. It focuses on the analysis of press discourses produced over a fifteen-year period (2000-2015) on three contemporary figures of otherness that c
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hallenge the identity of European societies, question the attitudes towards diversity, and pose significant challenges for policy-makers: immigration, Islam, and LGBT. The book provides a comprehensive and articulate map of how national media addresses such themes from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives, revealing patterns of continuity and discontinuity across time and space. Lastly, it discusses these patterns in the light of their cultural meanings and their influence on social and political collective behaviours." (Publisher description)
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"Why are so many contemporary comics and graphic narratives written as memoirs or documentaries of traumatic events? Is there a specific relationship between the comics form and the documentation and reportage of trauma? How do the interpretive demands made on comics readers shape their relationship
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s with traumatic events? And how does comics' documentation of traumatic pasts operate across national borders and in different cultural, political, and politicised contexts? The sixteen chapters and three comics included in Documenting Trauma in Comics set out to answer exactly these questions. Drawing on a range of historically and geographically expansive examples, the contributors bring their different perspectives to bear on the tangled and often fraught intersections between trauma studies, comics studies, and theories of documentary practices and processes. The result is a collection that shows how comics is not simply related to trauma, but a generative force that has become central to its remembrance, documentation, and study." (Publisher description)
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"Fake News, also absichtsvoll und zumeist digital verbreitete Falschmeldungen zielen darauf, demokratische Grundprinzipien zu unterminieren. Durch Hass-Inhalte oder als Satire verschleierte Herabsetzung schüren oder verstärken sie Antipathien zwischen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen oder stacheln gar z
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u offener Gewalt an. Patrick Gensing leitet seit 2017 das Projekt ARD-faktenfinder, das Fake News in ihren unterschiedlichen Erscheinungsformen dekonstruiert. Er erläutert, welche Akteure Falschmeldungen einsetzen, welche Intentionen sie dabei verfolgen, welche demokratiegefährdenden Wirkungen Fake News – zumal in polarisierten Gesellschaften – entfalten und welche Möglichkeiten bestehen, dem entgegenzutreten." (Klappentext)
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"Comunicar Ciência num Mundo em Mudança elegeu como tema central o papel desta actividade num horizonte comunicacional altamente volátil, onde transformações radicais alteram os modos da comunicação, as estruturas produtivas, e acabam tendo pesadas consequências na organização social e pol
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ítica. Para abarcar a complexidade destes fenómenos ocupamos-nos deles em três vertentes, correspondendo às três partes em que se encontra dividido este livro: A Ciência nos Media Jornalísticos e Redes Sociais Digitais, Mulheres na Ciência, e Media, Universidades e Assessorias de Comunicação na Divulgação Científica." (Introdução, página 1)
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"La tiranía del rating se ha convertido en los últimos años en una expresión muy utilizada por diferentes actores de la industria de los medios de comunicación, que desconfían de la forma en la que las métricas miden el comportamiento de las audiencias. Los compradores, los periodistas, los a
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ctores y los productores ven cada vez más en estas mediciones una moneda de cambio que privilegia la cantidad sobre la calidad. Sin embargo, la investigación comercial de audiencias, y la manera en la que es implementada, ajustada, cuestionada, tolerada o acatada por las industrias mediáticas y publicitarias contemporáneas, es un tema que no ha sido estudiado con suficiente atención. Conscientes de la relevancia y de la urgencia de estos temas, los autores de Contando colombianos cuestionan el funcionamiento de las distintas métricas comerciales; analizan los referentes históricos y conceptuales que motivaron el diseño de estos sistemas de clasificación; indagan acerca de sus consecuencias biopolíticas, filosóficas, sociales y culturales; y plantean modos y soluciones que permitan humanizar y relativizar la influencia, el impacto y el poder de las métricas comerciales. A través del estudio de un amplio rango de medios de comunicación, como el cine, la radio, el internet, la publicidad, la prensa y la televisión, y mediante estudios que abarcan toda América Latina y que se extienden a países como los Estados Unidos, España y China, este libro demuestra que la medición de audiencias no se limita a aspectos económicos y comerciales, sino que incide y define los modos en lo que el ser humano es pensado, gobernado, entendido, estudiado y, en última instancia, valorado y contado." (Sinopsis)
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"With their heavily censored and restricted civil societies at home, China and Russia exploit the asymmetry of democratic systems by targeting open information environments, freedom of expression, participatory civic discourse, and pluralistic and fluid politics. Democracies have unique vulnerabilit
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ies to malign influence activities, but they also have unique and durable strengths. Transparency, rule of law, a free press, and democratic norms—hallmarks of democratic states—foster resilience against malign foreign influence. In the near term, it may be more important for democracies to redouble their efforts to build up their strengths than to reduce their vulnerabilities." (Conclusion)
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"The bulk of this report is based on data collected by a survey of more than 80,000 people in 40 markets and reflects media usage in January/February just before the coronavirus hit many of these countries. But the key trends that we document here, including changes in how people access news, low tr
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ust, and rising concern about misinformation have been a backdrop against which journalists, editors, politicians, and public health officials have been battling to reach ordinary people with key messages over the last few months. We know that this crisis has substantially increased the amount and frequency of news consumption as well as influenced attitudes to the news media, at least temporarily. We’ve captured this in a second set of polling data collected in April when the crisis was at its peak in some countries. This has helped us to see the impact of the crisis in terms of sources of news and also reminded us of the critical role that the news media play at times of national crisis, including documenting that people who rely on news media are better informed about the virus than those who do not. While many media companies have been enjoying record audience figures, news fatigue is also setting in, and the short-term and long-term economic impact of the crisis is likely to be profound – advertising budgets are slashed and a recession looms, threatening news media, some of whom are struggling with adapting to a changing world. Against this background, this year’s report also focuses on the shift towards paying for online news in many countries across the world, with detailed analysis of progress in three countries (the UK, USA, and Norway). This year, our report carries important data about the extent to which people value and trust local news, perhaps the sector most vulnerable to the economic shocks that will inevitably follow the health crisis itself. And we also explore the way people access news about climate change as well as attitudes to media coverage for the first time." (Foreword)
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"Open-source intelligence gathering and analysis (OSINT) techniques are no longer predominantly the remit of private investigators and journalists. An estimated 80-90% of data analysed by intelligence agencies is also now derived from publicly available material. Additionally, the massive expansion
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of the internet and, in particular, social media platforms, have made OSINT increasingly accessible to civilians who simply want to trawl the Web for information on a specific individual, organisation or product. In May 2018, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) was implemented in the UK through the new Data Protection Act, intended to secure personal data against unjustified collection, storage and exploitation. This document presents a preliminary literature review of work related to the GDPR and OSINT, which was collated as the basis for an as-yet-unpublished study evaluating the effects of the GDPR on OSINT capabilities in the UK. The literature reviewed is separated into the following six sections:‘What is OSINT?’,‘What are the risks and benefits of OSINT?’,‘What is the rationale for data protection legislation?’,‘What are the current legislative frameworks in the UK and Europe?’,‘What is the potential impact of the GDPR on OSINT?’, and ‘Have the views of civilian and commercial stakeholders been sought and why is this important?’. As OSINT tools and techniques are accessible to anyone, they have the unique capacity for being used to hold power to account. It is therefore important that new data protection legislation does not impede civilian OSINT capabilities." (Abstract)
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"This book explores the different ways Francophone research on news media has faced the challenges of dependence and independence from three complementary perspectives. The first is economics - how can sustainable business models be developed and to what extent can crowdfunding help to maintain the
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financial and editorial independence of newsrooms? Secondly, in a time where the role of journalism in the public sphere is more questioned than ever, the authors evaluate to what extent news media can embody the needs of their readers. Thirdly, the authors consider the historical and political context of publication in the light of the 'Arab Spring'. This book deals with major, contemporary evolutions of news media, bringing together research that considers the media in France, Canada, and the Arab region (notably Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Egypt). Using numerous case studies, this book helps to define how complex the question of independence is today." (Publisher description)
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